Amara Prasithrathsint
2021
Prasithrathsint, Amara
A componential analysis of kinship terms in Thai Journal Article
In: Essays in Tai linguistics, pp. 261-275, 2021.
@article{Prasithrathsint2021,
title = {A componential analysis of kinship terms in Thai},
author = {Amara Prasithrathsint},
year = {2021},
date = {2021-01-01},
journal = {Essays in Tai linguistics},
pages = {261-275},
abstract = {It is an illusion to believe that the kinship systems in all cultures are the same and that kinship terms can be translated easily from one language to another. Thai speakers learning English or doing some translation from English to Thai often have a little difficulty finding a perfect English equivalent of w/phîi/and ыа-з/nóorj/in Thai. The first word means' elder brother or sister'and the second one means' younger brother or sister.'There is no single word in English that means exactly the same as/phîi/or/nóorj/. On the other hand, the words brother and sister have no equivalent in Thai. Paraphrastic translations of the two words into Thai sound awkward: wiEJvnra'ua^ srm/phîi chaay rïi náorj chaay/or Yiyznsüvnia-ua-swírm/phîi phüu chaay rïi nóorj phüu chaay/meaning'elder male sibling or younger male sibling'for brother and vigmvnÍDua^ cm/phîi säaw rïi nóarj sãaw/or YuyvinHvníaua^ wviák/phîi phüu yïrj rä nóorj phüu yírj.},
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pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
It is an illusion to believe that the kinship systems in all cultures are the same and that kinship terms can be translated easily from one language to another. Thai speakers learning English or doing some translation from English to Thai often have a little difficulty finding a perfect English equivalent of w/phîi/and ыа-з/nóorj/in Thai. The first word means' elder brother or sister'and the second one means' younger brother or sister.'There is no single word in English that means exactly the same as/phîi/or/nóorj/. On the other hand, the words brother and sister have no equivalent in Thai. Paraphrastic translations of the two words into Thai sound awkward: wiEJvnra'ua^ srm/phîi chaay rïi náorj chaay/or Yiyznsüvnia-ua-swírm/phîi phüu chaay rïi nóorj phüu chaay/meaning'elder male sibling or younger male sibling'for brother and vigmvnÍDua^ cm/phîi säaw rïi nóarj sãaw/or YuyvinHvníaua^ wviák/phîi phüu yïrj rä nóorj phüu yírj.
Bedell, George; Brunelle, Marc; Diffloth, Gerard; Mac9en, Marlys; Migliazza, Brian; Nagaraja, Keralapura; Norquest, Peter; Prasithrathsint, Amara; Ratliff, Martha; Srichampa, Sophana; UK, Justin Wat9ins
Managing Editor: Paul Sidwell (Pacific Linguistics, Canberra) Editorial Advisory Board: Mar9 Alves (USA) Journal Article
In: 2021.
@article{Bedell2021,
title = {Managing Editor: Paul Sidwell (Pacific Linguistics, Canberra) Editorial Advisory Board: Mar9 Alves (USA)},
author = {George Bedell and Marc Brunelle and Gerard Diffloth and Marlys Mac9en and Brian Migliazza and Keralapura Nagaraja and Peter Norquest and Amara Prasithrathsint and Martha Ratliff and Sophana Srichampa and Justin Wat9ins UK},
year = {2021},
date = {2021-01-01},
abstract = {Contrary to the standard view on the imperative role of language homogenization to nation-state formation, this essay examines how multilingualism is vital to nation-state formation. Approached through language ideology framewor9, this ethnographic and historical research explores everlasting politics of orthography in the ethnic Thái case in Vietnam. Corresponding to local dialects, Thái orthographies represent pre-modern political formation of Thái sub-groups (Tai Dam, Tai Don and Tai Daeng). This diversity continues to colonial and post-colonial regimes. Consequently, while the state promotes national script to facilitate nation building, Thái sub-ethnic groups negotiate to maintain their orthographies in contemporary Vietnam.},
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pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Contrary to the standard view on the imperative role of language homogenization to nation-state formation, this essay examines how multilingualism is vital to nation-state formation. Approached through language ideology framewor9, this ethnographic and historical research explores everlasting politics of orthography in the ethnic Thái case in Vietnam. Corresponding to local dialects, Thái orthographies represent pre-modern political formation of Thái sub-groups (Tai Dam, Tai Don and Tai Daeng). This diversity continues to colonial and post-colonial regimes. Consequently, while the state promotes national script to facilitate nation building, Thái sub-ethnic groups negotiate to maintain their orthographies in contemporary Vietnam.
Prasithrathsint, Amara
The Adversative Passive In Tai Nuea Journal Article
In: 2021.
@article{Prasithrathsint2021b,
title = {The Adversative Passive In Tai Nuea},
author = {Amara Prasithrathsint},
year = {2021},
date = {2021-01-01},
abstract = {The term" adversative passive" is generally used to refer to the type of passive construction in which the subject is adversely affected; for example,/khaw4 thu: kl ma: 4 katl/2'He was bitten by a dog.'in Thai, and/boku wa Taroo ni nagurareta/XI was hit by Taroo.'in Japanese. This type of passive is commonly found in East and Southeast Asian languages. It is marked by/-are/or/-rare/in Japanese,/-hi/in Korean,/bèi/in Chinese,/bi/in Vietnamese,/traw/in Cambodian,/thy: k/in Lao, and/thurkl/in Thai.
The most prominent characteristic of this type of passive construction is the affected subject. Shibatani (1985: 837) identified" the affectedness of the subject" as a semantic property of a passive. With reference to the adversative passive, she said that in some languages" the affectedness of the Patient subject in a passive is more pronounced than the Patient object of an active sentence.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
The term" adversative passive" is generally used to refer to the type of passive construction in which the subject is adversely affected; for example,/khaw4 thu: kl ma: 4 katl/2'He was bitten by a dog.'in Thai, and/boku wa Taroo ni nagurareta/XI was hit by Taroo.'in Japanese. This type of passive is commonly found in East and Southeast Asian languages. It is marked by/-are/or/-rare/in Japanese,/-hi/in Korean,/bèi/in Chinese,/bi/in Vietnamese,/traw/in Cambodian,/thy: k/in Lao, and/thurkl/in Thai.
The most prominent characteristic of this type of passive construction is the affected subject. Shibatani (1985: 837) identified" the affectedness of the subject" as a semantic property of a passive. With reference to the adversative passive, she said that in some languages" the affectedness of the Patient subject in a passive is more pronounced than the Patient object of an active sentence.
The most prominent characteristic of this type of passive construction is the affected subject. Shibatani (1985: 837) identified" the affectedness of the subject" as a semantic property of a passive. With reference to the adversative passive, she said that in some languages" the affectedness of the Patient subject in a passive is more pronounced than the Patient object of an active sentence.
Prasithrathsint, Amara
The two faces of academic language: explicit and hedging in Thai academic writing. Journal Article
In: 2021.
@article{Prasithrathsint2021c,
title = {The two faces of academic language: explicit and hedging in Thai academic writing.},
author = {Amara Prasithrathsint},
year = {2021},
date = {2021-01-01},
abstract = {Academic language is a registered language used in the writing of academic papers to disseminate the authors' knowledge and ideas. Past works show that the academic language has many distinctive features, including Explicitness and hedging, which are seemingly contradictory features, and interest researchers as to what forms of language are demonstrating and why academic language is needed. Must have both
1 The researcher would like to thank the Thailand Research Fund (TRF) for granting a research fund in the category of Research Group Grant (Senior Research Scholar) to the researcher, and to the researchers, thanks Professor Emeritus Dr. Pranee Kullavanich and Professor Nattawut Chai It provides valuable feedback that researchers use to improve this article.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Academic language is a registered language used in the writing of academic papers to disseminate the authors' knowledge and ideas. Past works show that the academic language has many distinctive features, including Explicitness and hedging, which are seemingly contradictory features, and interest researchers as to what forms of language are demonstrating and why academic language is needed. Must have both
1 The researcher would like to thank the Thailand Research Fund (TRF) for granting a research fund in the category of Research Group Grant (Senior Research Scholar) to the researcher, and to the researchers, thanks Professor Emeritus Dr. Pranee Kullavanich and Professor Nattawut Chai It provides valuable feedback that researchers use to improve this article.
1 The researcher would like to thank the Thailand Research Fund (TRF) for granting a research fund in the category of Research Group Grant (Senior Research Scholar) to the researcher, and to the researchers, thanks Professor Emeritus Dr. Pranee Kullavanich and Professor Nattawut Chai It provides valuable feedback that researchers use to improve this article.
Prasithrathsint, Amara
Approach To The Journal Article
In: 2021.
@article{Prasithrathsint2021d,
title = {Approach To The},
author = {Amara Prasithrathsint},
year = {2021},
date = {2021-01-01},
abstract = {Based on the generalization and classification of passives in the world’s languages put forward by Givo’n (1979), Siewierska (1984), and Keenan (1990) this study recapitulates the universal types of passive. Twenty types of passive are proposed. They are grouped into ten pairs of contrastive types; namely, passive vs. ergative, true passive vs. pseudo-passive, direct vs. indirect passive, sentential vs. lexical passive, personal vs. impersonal passive, plain vs. reflexive passive, neu ral vs. adversative or favorable pas: ve, basic vs. non—basic passive, synthetic vs. periphrastic passive, passive with patient subject vs. passive with non—patient subject. },
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Based on the generalization and classification of passives in the world’s languages put forward by Givo’n (1979), Siewierska (1984), and Keenan (1990) this study recapitulates the universal types of passive. Twenty types of passive are proposed. They are grouped into ten pairs of contrastive types; namely, passive vs. ergative, true passive vs. pseudo-passive, direct vs. indirect passive, sentential vs. lexical passive, personal vs. impersonal passive, plain vs. reflexive passive, neu ral vs. adversative or favorable pas: ve, basic vs. non—basic passive, synthetic vs. periphrastic passive, passive with patient subject vs. passive with non—patient subject.
2020
Prasithrathsint, Amara; Siwina, Pornpimon
Multilingual landscapes on thailand’s borders Journal Article
In: Journal of Mekong Societies, vol. 16, no. 1, pp. 112-131, 2020.
@article{Prasithrathsint2020,
title = {Multilingual landscapes on thailand’s borders},
author = {Amara Prasithrathsint and Pornpimon Siwina},
year = {2020},
date = {2020-03-21},
journal = {Journal of Mekong Societies},
volume = {16},
number = {1},
pages = {112-131},
abstract = {The existence of ASEAN is one of several reasons that English and ASEAN members’ national languages appear widely on signs in Thailand, especially in border cities. In fact, there has been an evolution in the use of languages, especially in public sign writing. For this reason, this research project examined the languages used on signs in certain cities bordering on Thailand. This article explores the following two issues: 1) language choice, and 2) writing patterns on signs in Thailand’s neighboring cities, Tachilek in the Republic of the Union of Myanmar and Savannakhet in the Lao People’s Democratic Republic. The data consists of 800 public signs collected from the two cities. The study showed that there were three patterns of language choice on signs in both cities: monolingual, bilingual, and multilingual signs. Four types of writing patterns-homophonic, mixed, polyphonic, and monophonic-were found. The national language is the first language that appears on signs, followed by foreign languages. Tachilek has more multilingual signs than Savannakhet because more languages are used there.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
The existence of ASEAN is one of several reasons that English and ASEAN members’ national languages appear widely on signs in Thailand, especially in border cities. In fact, there has been an evolution in the use of languages, especially in public sign writing. For this reason, this research project examined the languages used on signs in certain cities bordering on Thailand. This article explores the following two issues: 1) language choice, and 2) writing patterns on signs in Thailand’s neighboring cities, Tachilek in the Republic of the Union of Myanmar and Savannakhet in the Lao People’s Democratic Republic. The data consists of 800 public signs collected from the two cities. The study showed that there were three patterns of language choice on signs in both cities: monolingual, bilingual, and multilingual signs. Four types of writing patterns-homophonic, mixed, polyphonic, and monophonic-were found. The national language is the first language that appears on signs, followed by foreign languages. Tachilek has more multilingual signs than Savannakhet because more languages are used there.
Prasithrathsint, Amara; Thongniam, Kusuma
The Influence of Grammatical Gender on Russian and Thai Speakers’ Cognition Journal Article
In: Humanities: Journal of Humanities, vol. 23, no. 1, pp. 40-59, 2020.
@article{Prasithrathsint2020b,
title = {The Influence of Grammatical Gender on Russian and Thai Speakers’ Cognition},
author = {Amara Prasithrathsint and Kusuma Thongniam},
doi = {10.1163/26659077-02301003},
year = {2020},
date = {2020-03-21},
journal = {Humanities: Journal of Humanities},
volume = {23},
number = {1},
pages = {40-59},
abstract = {The aim of this study is to investigate the influence of grammatical gender on Russian speakers’ cognition, compared with Thai speakers’ cognition by means of object categorization. The key materials in the experiment are black-and-white pictures represented by nouns that are selected based on gender and appearance similarity. The hypothesis is that Russian speakers group two pictures that belong to the same grammatical gender class together, while Thai speakers generally rely on the size or shape of objects in the pictures. The result of the experiment statistically showed that Russian speakers categorized things on the basis of grammatical gender, while Thai speakers categorized things represented by things grouped on the basis of size or shape. Additionally, the result implies that bilingualism is a very important variable in a study testing the Linguistic Relativity Hypothesis.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
The aim of this study is to investigate the influence of grammatical gender on Russian speakers’ cognition, compared with Thai speakers’ cognition by means of object categorization. The key materials in the experiment are black-and-white pictures represented by nouns that are selected based on gender and appearance similarity. The hypothesis is that Russian speakers group two pictures that belong to the same grammatical gender class together, while Thai speakers generally rely on the size or shape of objects in the pictures. The result of the experiment statistically showed that Russian speakers categorized things on the basis of grammatical gender, while Thai speakers categorized things represented by things grouped on the basis of size or shape. Additionally, the result implies that bilingualism is a very important variable in a study testing the Linguistic Relativity Hypothesis.
2019
Prasithrathsint, Amara; Du, Xiaoshan
The Awareness of Mandarin and The Maintenance of Yunnan Dialect of Chinese Among Chinese Thais In Lat Krabang, Bangkok Journal Article
In: 2019.
@article{Prasithrathsint2019b,
title = {The Awareness of Mandarin and The Maintenance of Yunnan Dialect of Chinese Among Chinese Thais In Lat Krabang, Bangkok},
author = {Amara Prasithrathsint and Xiaoshan Du},
year = {2019},
date = {2019-12-31},
abstract = {There are a large number of Chinese Thais living Lat Krabang, Bangkok. Most of them are native speakers of Yunnan dialect of Chinese and migrated from Yunnan, China. They have become Thai citizens and also speak Thai fluently. Today it has been observed that Mandarin seems to play the most important role in the business of Lat Krabang. Therefore, this study aims to investigate what language (Thai, Mandarin and Yunnan dialect) is chosen for communication in the family, friendship, neighborhood, school, work and market domains and to interpret the degree of awareness of Mandarin and the maintenance of Yunnan dialect among Yunnan Chinese who live in Lat Krabang. The data was collected from observation, semi-structured interviews and questionnaires about language choice in various domains and language proficiency self-evaluation. The results of the study show that Thai is the most preferred language in friendship, school and market domains; Yunnan dialect is used most in family and neighborhood domain; and Mandarin is used most in work domain. As for the use of Mandarin, its use is increasing from the old to the young generations. In addition, the young generations, who tend to take Mandarin courses, have a higher Mandarin ability than old generations. It may imply that Chinese Thais in Lat Krabang have a strong awareness of Mandarin. With regard to the maintenance of Yunnan dialect, the youngest generation still use it a lot in family domain, and almost half of them have the excellent level of Yunnan dialect capability. It may be speculated that Yunnan dialect as the mother tongue of Yunnan Chinese in Lat Krabang.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
There are a large number of Chinese Thais living Lat Krabang, Bangkok. Most of them are native speakers of Yunnan dialect of Chinese and migrated from Yunnan, China. They have become Thai citizens and also speak Thai fluently. Today it has been observed that Mandarin seems to play the most important role in the business of Lat Krabang. Therefore, this study aims to investigate what language (Thai, Mandarin and Yunnan dialect) is chosen for communication in the family, friendship, neighborhood, school, work and market domains and to interpret the degree of awareness of Mandarin and the maintenance of Yunnan dialect among Yunnan Chinese who live in Lat Krabang. The data was collected from observation, semi-structured interviews and questionnaires about language choice in various domains and language proficiency self-evaluation. The results of the study show that Thai is the most preferred language in friendship, school and market domains; Yunnan dialect is used most in family and neighborhood domain; and Mandarin is used most in work domain. As for the use of Mandarin, its use is increasing from the old to the young generations. In addition, the young generations, who tend to take Mandarin courses, have a higher Mandarin ability than old generations. It may imply that Chinese Thais in Lat Krabang have a strong awareness of Mandarin. With regard to the maintenance of Yunnan dialect, the youngest generation still use it a lot in family domain, and almost half of them have the excellent level of Yunnan dialect capability. It may be speculated that Yunnan dialect as the mother tongue of Yunnan Chinese in Lat Krabang.
Prasithrathsint, Amara; Thongniam, Kusuma; Chumkaew, Pimpat
The Use of English and the National Language on the Radio in asean Countries Journal Article
In: Humanities: Journal of Humanities, vol. 22, no. 3, pp. 261-288, 2019.
@article{Prasithrathsint2019,
title = {The Use of English and the National Language on the Radio in asean Countries},
author = {Amara Prasithrathsint and Kusuma Thongniam and Pimpat Chumkaew},
doi = {10.1163/26659077-02203001},
year = {2019},
date = {2019-12-09},
journal = {Humanities: Journal of Humanities},
volume = {22},
number = {3},
pages = {261-288},
abstract = {The purpose of the present study is to examine language choice on the radio in asean countries. The focus is on English and national languages, the two most important languages in those countries. A review of related past studies did not provide an answer to the question that we were interested in; i.e., which language is chosen for radio broadcasts in asean countries between the national language, which is the language most people understand and signifies national identity, and English, which is the lingua franca of the region and an international language? Data was taken from a sample of programs broadcast by radio stations in the ten asean countries. The results show that Singapore ranks the highest in using English in broadcasting (50% of all the programs), while Laos, Cambodia, Myanmar and Vietnam rank the lowest in using English (0%) but highest in using their national languages (100%). Code-switching between the countries’ national languages and English is found in five countries listed from highest to lowest as: the Philippines, Singapore, Brunei, Indonesia and Thailand. Code-switching is absent in Malaysia, Myanmar, Cambodia, Laos and Vietnam. We conclude that despite the importance of English in the asean community, most asean countries prefer to use their national languages in radio broadcasting.
},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
The purpose of the present study is to examine language choice on the radio in asean countries. The focus is on English and national languages, the two most important languages in those countries. A review of related past studies did not provide an answer to the question that we were interested in; i.e., which language is chosen for radio broadcasts in asean countries between the national language, which is the language most people understand and signifies national identity, and English, which is the lingua franca of the region and an international language? Data was taken from a sample of programs broadcast by radio stations in the ten asean countries. The results show that Singapore ranks the highest in using English in broadcasting (50% of all the programs), while Laos, Cambodia, Myanmar and Vietnam rank the lowest in using English (0%) but highest in using their national languages (100%). Code-switching between the countries’ national languages and English is found in five countries listed from highest to lowest as: the Philippines, Singapore, Brunei, Indonesia and Thailand. Code-switching is absent in Malaysia, Myanmar, Cambodia, Laos and Vietnam. We conclude that despite the importance of English in the asean community, most asean countries prefer to use their national languages in radio broadcasting.
2017
Prasithrathsint, Amara; Hou, Peng
Spelling errors in thai made by chinese and lao students speaking thai as a foreign language Journal Article
In: 2017.
@article{Prasithrathsint2017,
title = {Spelling errors in thai made by chinese and lao students speaking thai as a foreign language},
author = {Amara Prasithrathsint and Peng Hou},
year = {2017},
date = {2017-12-22},
abstract = {When learning a foreign language, it is important to learn how to accurately spell as it is crucial for communication. To accurately spell in the Thai language is challenging for both native and foreign learners of Thai. However, there are few studies that address the spelling errors made by foreign learners of Thai. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to analyze the patterns and causes of spelling errors made by Chinese and Lao students speaking Thai as a foreign language. In order to gather data for this analysis, thirty Chinese students and thirty Lao students took part in a composition writing and dictation exercise. A group of Thai students was also involved in the study as a basic group for comparison. The results suggest that the main spelling problem for Chinese students is spelling Thai vowels,whereas Lao students tend to misspell more Thai initial consonants. For Chinese students, the complexity of the Thai writing system and the interference from Chinese phonology are found to be the main causes of their spelling errors. As for the Lao students, apart from a few idiosyncratic errors, most of the errors are found to result from complexity of the Thai writing system, interference from Lao phonology, and differences between the Lao and Thai writing systems. The findings of this study imply that foreign learners of Thai made more intralingual errors than interlingual errors in spelling.most of the errors are found to result from complexity of the Thai writing system, interference from Lao phonology, and differences between the Lao and Thai writing systems. The findings of this study imply that foreign learners of Thai made more intralingual errors than interlingual errors in spelling.most of the errors are found to result from complexity of the Thai writing system, interference from Lao phonology, and differences between the Lao and Thai writing systems. The findings of this study imply that foreign learners of Thai made more intralingual errors than interlingual errors in spelling.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
When learning a foreign language, it is important to learn how to accurately spell as it is crucial for communication. To accurately spell in the Thai language is challenging for both native and foreign learners of Thai. However, there are few studies that address the spelling errors made by foreign learners of Thai. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to analyze the patterns and causes of spelling errors made by Chinese and Lao students speaking Thai as a foreign language. In order to gather data for this analysis, thirty Chinese students and thirty Lao students took part in a composition writing and dictation exercise. A group of Thai students was also involved in the study as a basic group for comparison. The results suggest that the main spelling problem for Chinese students is spelling Thai vowels,whereas Lao students tend to misspell more Thai initial consonants. For Chinese students, the complexity of the Thai writing system and the interference from Chinese phonology are found to be the main causes of their spelling errors. As for the Lao students, apart from a few idiosyncratic errors, most of the errors are found to result from complexity of the Thai writing system, interference from Lao phonology, and differences between the Lao and Thai writing systems. The findings of this study imply that foreign learners of Thai made more intralingual errors than interlingual errors in spelling.most of the errors are found to result from complexity of the Thai writing system, interference from Lao phonology, and differences between the Lao and Thai writing systems. The findings of this study imply that foreign learners of Thai made more intralingual errors than interlingual errors in spelling.most of the errors are found to result from complexity of the Thai writing system, interference from Lao phonology, and differences between the Lao and Thai writing systems. The findings of this study imply that foreign learners of Thai made more intralingual errors than interlingual errors in spelling.
2014
Prasithrathsint, Amara
Nominalization as a marker of detachment and objectivity in Thai academic writing Journal Article
In: Journal of Humanities, pp. 1-10, 2014.
@article{Prasithrathsint2014,
title = {Nominalization as a marker of detachment and objectivity in Thai academic writing},
author = {Amara Prasithrathsint},
doi = {10.1163/26659077-01703001},
year = {2014},
date = {2014-11-20},
journal = {Journal of Humanities},
pages = {1-10},
abstract = {This study is about whether academic writing in every language is marked by nominaliza-tion, and what role nominalization plays in academic writing. Since there has been no study that analyzes Thai academic writing specifically, this study aims to analyze academic writing in Thai with a focus on nominalization and find out what function nominalization performs in this genre. In order to find out whether nominalization is an outstanding feature of academic writing, I compared this genre with editorials with reference to nominalization. This study is about whether academic writing in every language is marked by nominaliza-tion, and what role nominalization plays in academic writing.
},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
This study is about whether academic writing in every language is marked by nominaliza-tion, and what role nominalization plays in academic writing. Since there has been no study that analyzes Thai academic writing specifically, this study aims to analyze academic writing in Thai with a focus on nominalization and find out what function nominalization performs in this genre. In order to find out whether nominalization is an outstanding feature of academic writing, I compared this genre with editorials with reference to nominalization. This study is about whether academic writing in every language is marked by nominaliza-tion, and what role nominalization plays in academic writing.
Prasithrathsint, Amara; Hengsuwan, Manasikarn
A Folk Taxonomy of Terms for Ghosts and Spirits in Thai Journal Article
In: Journal of Humanities, vol. 17, no. 2, pp. 29-49, 2014.
@article{Prasithrathsint2014b,
title = {A Folk Taxonomy of Terms for Ghosts and Spirits in Thai},
author = {Amara Prasithrathsint and Manasikarn Hengsuwan},
doi = {10.1163/26659077-01702003},
year = {2014},
date = {2014-01-01},
journal = {Journal of Humanities},
volume = {17},
number = {2},
pages = {29-49},
abstract = {Previous studies show that Thai people’s ways of life and traditions from birth to death are related to ghosts. Most of the studies deal with the role of ghosts in Thai society but there has been no study on ghost terms in Thai, which would reflect the ghost system in Thai thoughts. Thus, this study aims to analyze the system and categorization of terms for ghosts and spirits in Thai. Folk taxonomy, which is a method in the ethnosemantic approach, has been adopted for the analysis.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Previous studies show that Thai people’s ways of life and traditions from birth to death are related to ghosts. Most of the studies deal with the role of ghosts in Thai society but there has been no study on ghost terms in Thai, which would reflect the ghost system in Thai thoughts. Thus, this study aims to analyze the system and categorization of terms for ghosts and spirits in Thai. Folk taxonomy, which is a method in the ethnosemantic approach, has been adopted for the analysis.
Prasithrathsint, Amara
Ethnic Relations and Nation Building, The Way Forward edited by Maya Khemlani David, James McLellan, Ngeow Yeok Meng, Lean Mei Li, and Wendy Yee Mei Tien. 2010. Petaling Jaya Journal Article
In: Humanities: Journal of Humanities, vol. 17, no. 2, pp. 96-98, 2014.
@article{Prasithrathsint2014c,
title = {Ethnic Relations and Nation Building, The Way Forward edited by Maya Khemlani David, James McLellan, Ngeow Yeok Meng, Lean Mei Li, and Wendy Yee Mei Tien. 2010. Petaling Jaya},
author = {Amara Prasithrathsint},
year = {2014},
date = {2014-01-01},
journal = {Humanities: Journal of Humanities},
volume = {17},
number = {2},
pages = {96-98},
abstract = {The book is a collection of thirteen articles, most of which are papers originally presented at the International Conference on Ethnic Relations held in Kuala Lumpur in 2008. The rest are papers from invited writers. All the thirteen articles are grouped into three parts under themes corresponding to the concepts mentioned in the aim, as follows.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
The book is a collection of thirteen articles, most of which are papers originally presented at the International Conference on Ethnic Relations held in Kuala Lumpur in 2008. The rest are papers from invited writers. All the thirteen articles are grouped into three parts under themes corresponding to the concepts mentioned in the aim, as follows.
2013
Prasithrathsint, Amara; Chang, Chuan-Chi
A comparison of the semantic networks for on in English and shàngmiàn'upside'in Mandarin Chinese Journal Article
In: Linguistics Journal, vol. 7, no. 1, 2013.
@article{Prasithrathsint2013,
title = {A comparison of the semantic networks for on in English and shàngmiàn'upside'in Mandarin Chinese},
author = {Amara Prasithrathsint and Chuan-Chi Chang},
year = {2013},
date = {2013-07-01},
journal = {Linguistics Journal},
volume = {7},
number = {1},
abstract = {This study aims at analyzing the semantic network for the Mandarin Chinese localizer, shàngmiàn ‘upside’and comparing it with that for on in English. The analysis is based on the entries from Sinica Corpus, a corpus database for modern Mandarin Chinese in both spoken and written texts. The Mandarin Chinese localizer, shàngmiàn ‘upside’was searched, and the first 500 entries were selected as the sample. Since the study emphasizes the construction: zài+ NP+shàngmiàn, the entries which meet the construction were extracted. Those valid entries were analyzed and categorized based on Principled Polysemy (Tyler & Evans, 2003) to define the proto-scene and create the semantic network. The result suggests that the protoscene of shàngmiàn ‘upside’covers a wider range than that of on. In addition, the comparison between the semantic networks for shàngmiàn ‘upside’and on shows the similarities and differences.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
This study aims at analyzing the semantic network for the Mandarin Chinese localizer, shàngmiàn ‘upside’and comparing it with that for on in English. The analysis is based on the entries from Sinica Corpus, a corpus database for modern Mandarin Chinese in both spoken and written texts. The Mandarin Chinese localizer, shàngmiàn ‘upside’was searched, and the first 500 entries were selected as the sample. Since the study emphasizes the construction: zài+ NP+shàngmiàn, the entries which meet the construction were extracted. Those valid entries were analyzed and categorized based on Principled Polysemy (Tyler & Evans, 2003) to define the proto-scene and create the semantic network. The result suggests that the protoscene of shàngmiàn ‘upside’covers a wider range than that of on. In addition, the comparison between the semantic networks for shàngmiàn ‘upside’and on shows the similarities and differences.
2012
Prasithrathsint, Amara; Panyaatisin, Kosin
Significant features of northern Thai cooking terms and cooking system Journal Article
In: Journal of Humanities, vol. 15, no. 1, pp. 19-34, 2012.
@article{Prasithrathsint2012,
title = {Significant features of northern Thai cooking terms and cooking system},
author = {Amara Prasithrathsint and Kosin Panyaatisin},
doi = {10.1163/26659077-01501002},
year = {2012},
date = {2012-01-01},
journal = {Journal of Humanities},
volume = {15},
number = {1},
pages = {19-34},
abstract = {A review of studies on Northern Thai food and culture shows that most of the works are ethnographic and descriptive. They do not provide a deep understanding of the Northern Thai way of cooking. In order to understand truly the Northern Thai cooking system, an in-depth semantic analysis needs to be done. This study thus aims to analyze the categorization of cooking terms in Northern Thai in order to understand Northern Thai people’s cooking system.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
A review of studies on Northern Thai food and culture shows that most of the works are ethnographic and descriptive. They do not provide a deep understanding of the Northern Thai way of cooking. In order to understand truly the Northern Thai cooking system, an in-depth semantic analysis needs to be done. This study thus aims to analyze the categorization of cooking terms in Northern Thai in order to understand Northern Thai people’s cooking system.
Prasithrathsint, Amara
Peter G. Beidler. Writing Matters. Seattle, WA: Coffeetown Press Journal Article
In: Journal of Humanities, vol. 15, no. 1, pp. 90-92, 2012.
@article{Prasithrathsint2012b,
title = {Peter G. Beidler. Writing Matters. Seattle, WA: Coffeetown Press},
author = {Amara Prasithrathsint},
year = {2012},
date = {2012-01-01},
journal = {Journal of Humanities},
volume = {15},
number = {1},
pages = {90-92},
abstract = {Even though there are many books on how to write in English, this one is outstanding in its vivid lecture style. All the author says in this book sounds as if he were speaking directly to the readers, as his students in a writing course. Therefore, the book is never boring. It is easy to understand and the tone is lively. The author says in the preface that this book is designed to help college students learn to write better essays. Indeed in each chapter, there is an important lesson to learn for inexperienced writers. For instance, in Chapters 1 and 2, he tries to convince the reader that everyone has to be able to write. A convincing case he cites is a person who has become an engineer because he thought that being an engineer, he does not have to write. However, in the engineering profession, 25 percent of his responsibility is to write. He also supports his point by a fact that a survey of 120 major American corporations.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Even though there are many books on how to write in English, this one is outstanding in its vivid lecture style. All the author says in this book sounds as if he were speaking directly to the readers, as his students in a writing course. Therefore, the book is never boring. It is easy to understand and the tone is lively. The author says in the preface that this book is designed to help college students learn to write better essays. Indeed in each chapter, there is an important lesson to learn for inexperienced writers. For instance, in Chapters 1 and 2, he tries to convince the reader that everyone has to be able to write. A convincing case he cites is a person who has become an engineer because he thought that being an engineer, he does not have to write. However, in the engineering profession, 25 percent of his responsibility is to write. He also supports his point by a fact that a survey of 120 major American corporations.
Prasithrathsint, Amara; Sidwell, Paul; Alves, Mark; Bedell, George; Diffloth, Gerard; Macken, Marlys; Migliazza, Brian; Nagaraja, Keralapura; Ratliff, Martha; Srichampa, Sophana; Tadmor, Uri; UK, Justin Watkins
Jseals Journal Article
In: Journal of the Southeast Asian Linguistics Society, vol. 5, 2012.
@article{Prasithrathsint2012c,
title = {Jseals},
author = {Amara Prasithrathsint and Paul Sidwell and Mark Alves and George Bedell and Gerard Diffloth and Marlys Macken and Brian Migliazza and Keralapura Nagaraja and Martha Ratliff and Sophana Srichampa and Uri Tadmor and Justin Watkins UK},
year = {2012},
date = {2012-01-01},
journal = {Journal of the Southeast Asian Linguistics Society},
volume = {5},
abstract = {This study focuses on grammatical vocabulary in Central Vietnamese 2 (CV, hereafter) with the goal of exploring historical-linguistic developments in Vietnamese in general. One purpose of focusing on grammatical vocabulary is to provide a sample of how this type of vocabulary can innovate over time in different dialectal regions. For research on Central Vietnamese in particular, this focus also allows some identification of historical patterns of lexical preservations (eg, forms shared with other Vietic languages), innovations or general variation, and the effects of language contact. While CV is quite obviously Vietnamese, there are a number of distinctive traits in its grammatical vocabulary which highlight some of the differentiation over time between CV and standard Vietnamese 3 (StV, hereafter). In a number of instances, data suggests reconstructability at the level of Proto-Việt-Mường or even Proto-Vietic forms. These historical points are dealt with throughout this paper and summarized in the conclusion.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
This study focuses on grammatical vocabulary in Central Vietnamese 2 (CV, hereafter) with the goal of exploring historical-linguistic developments in Vietnamese in general. One purpose of focusing on grammatical vocabulary is to provide a sample of how this type of vocabulary can innovate over time in different dialectal regions. For research on Central Vietnamese in particular, this focus also allows some identification of historical patterns of lexical preservations (eg, forms shared with other Vietic languages), innovations or general variation, and the effects of language contact. While CV is quite obviously Vietnamese, there are a number of distinctive traits in its grammatical vocabulary which highlight some of the differentiation over time between CV and standard Vietnamese 3 (StV, hereafter). In a number of instances, data suggests reconstructability at the level of Proto-Việt-Mường or even Proto-Vietic forms. These historical points are dealt with throughout this paper and summarized in the conclusion.
2011
Prasithrathsint, Amara; Sukrasorn, Sirivimol
Componential analysis of hearing terms in Thai Journal Article
In: Songklanakarin Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, vol. 17, no. 2, 2011.
@article{Prasithrathsint2011,
title = {Componential analysis of hearing terms in Thai},
author = {Amara Prasithrathsint and Sirivimol Sukrasorn},
year = {2011},
date = {2011-01-01},
journal = {Songklanakarin Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities},
volume = {17},
number = {2},
abstract = {Hearing terms are lexical items used for identifying sounds perceived by human beings. Basic hearing terms in a language represent basic conceptual categories of sounds perceived by the speakers of that language. This study deals with hearing terms in Thai. It aims to analyze the meanings of basic hearing terms and linguistics strategies in forming non-basic hearing terms. The results of the study show that there are ten basic hearing terms in Thai representing nine basic categories of sounds: daŋ 'loud', kaŋwaan 'resonance', kɔ̂ ŋ 'echo', bau or khɔ̂ i 'soft', laě aem 'sharp', lék 'thin', thúm 'mellow', yài 'thick', and h aè aep 'hoarse'. The analysis of the meanings of these basic hearing terms show that they are differentiated by eight dimensions of contrast: clarity, covering wide space, time consuming, consistence of sound, pitch, piercing, softness, and continuity. The analysis of non-basic hearing terms show that there are five main strategies in forming Thai non-basic hearing terms: using monolexemic words, combining two hearing terms, reduplication, combining hearing terms with a modifier, and using the word ʔɔɔ̀ k.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Hearing terms are lexical items used for identifying sounds perceived by human beings. Basic hearing terms in a language represent basic conceptual categories of sounds perceived by the speakers of that language. This study deals with hearing terms in Thai. It aims to analyze the meanings of basic hearing terms and linguistics strategies in forming non-basic hearing terms. The results of the study show that there are ten basic hearing terms in Thai representing nine basic categories of sounds: daŋ 'loud', kaŋwaan 'resonance', kɔ̂ ŋ 'echo', bau or khɔ̂ i 'soft', laě aem 'sharp', lék 'thin', thúm 'mellow', yài 'thick', and h aè aep 'hoarse'. The analysis of the meanings of these basic hearing terms show that they are differentiated by eight dimensions of contrast: clarity, covering wide space, time consuming, consistence of sound, pitch, piercing, softness, and continuity. The analysis of non-basic hearing terms show that there are five main strategies in forming Thai non-basic hearing terms: using monolexemic words, combining two hearing terms, reduplication, combining hearing terms with a modifier, and using the word ʔɔɔ̀ k.
Prasithrathsint, Amara; Olson, Isaac
Filipino health workers in metropolitan Bangkok Book
Chulalongkorn University, 2011.
@book{Prasithrathsint2011b,
title = {Filipino health workers in metropolitan Bangkok},
author = {Amara Prasithrathsint and Isaac Olson},
year = {2011},
date = {2011-01-01},
publisher = {Chulalongkorn University},
abstract = {This thesis looks at Filipino health workers who have migrated to Bangkok. Most migration literature focuses on unskilled labor, but due to ASEAN's goal of opening the Southeast Asian region to skilled labor, it is pertinent that skilled labor be examined. Health workers have been targeted by ASEAN for the free flow of services, and agreements concerning these workers have already been signed. Filipinos represent a highly mobile group, and the Philippines is the preeminent country in the world for exporting health workers. This study also evaluates ASEAN agreements and their effect on Filipino health workers, motivations for Filipinos to move to Bangkok, and the working conditions of Filipino health workers. This is a qualitative case study using interviews of key informants living in Bangkok},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {book}
}
This thesis looks at Filipino health workers who have migrated to Bangkok. Most migration literature focuses on unskilled labor, but due to ASEAN's goal of opening the Southeast Asian region to skilled labor, it is pertinent that skilled labor be examined. Health workers have been targeted by ASEAN for the free flow of services, and agreements concerning these workers have already been signed. Filipinos represent a highly mobile group, and the Philippines is the preeminent country in the world for exporting health workers. This study also evaluates ASEAN agreements and their effect on Filipino health workers, motivations for Filipinos to move to Bangkok, and the working conditions of Filipino health workers. This is a qualitative case study using interviews of key informants living in Bangkok
2010
Prasithrathsint, Amara
Lexicalization of syntactic constructions in Thai Journal Article
In: 20th Anniversary Meeting of the Southeast Asian Linguistics Society, Zurich, Switzerland, 2010.
@article{Prasithrathsint2010c,
title = {Lexicalization of syntactic constructions in Thai},
author = {Amara Prasithrathsint},
year = {2010},
date = {2010-06-10},
journal = {20th Anniversary Meeting of the Southeast Asian Linguistics Society, Zurich, Switzerland},
abstract = {In isolating languages, such as Thai, new words are mostly created through the process of compounding. Compound words are generally defined as words that are composed of old words the meanings of which interrelate in such a way that a new meaning comes out which is very different from the meanings of the words in isolation, eg, m^-na am (mother-water)‘river,’tu u-yen (cupboard-cold)‘refrigerator.’However, there are certain structurally ambiguous constructions, which could be interpreted as compound nouns, noun phrases, or even sentences, eg, khon-kha p-ro t (person-drive-car)‘driver/a person who drives a car,’sa t-kin-n a (animal-eat-meat)‘meat-eating animal/an animal that eats meat/the animal eats meat,’na s‡-kha‡ ay-dii (book-sell-well)‘best seller/books that sell well/the book sells well,’khr a-bin-to k (plane-fall)‘plane crash/the plane crashed.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
In isolating languages, such as Thai, new words are mostly created through the process of compounding. Compound words are generally defined as words that are composed of old words the meanings of which interrelate in such a way that a new meaning comes out which is very different from the meanings of the words in isolation, eg, m^-na am (mother-water)‘river,’tu u-yen (cupboard-cold)‘refrigerator.’However, there are certain structurally ambiguous constructions, which could be interpreted as compound nouns, noun phrases, or even sentences, eg, khon-kha p-ro t (person-drive-car)‘driver/a person who drives a car,’sa t-kin-n a (animal-eat-meat)‘meat-eating animal/an animal that eats meat/the animal eats meat,’na s‡-kha‡ ay-dii (book-sell-well)‘best seller/books that sell well/the book sells well,’khr a-bin-to k (plane-fall)‘plane crash/the plane crashed.
Holm, David; Jinfang, Li; Luo, Yongxian; Burusphat, Somsonge; Xiaohang, Qin; Prasithrathsint, Amara; Chirasombutti, Voravudhi; Khanittanan, Wilaiwan
Language and linguistics Journal Article
In: Journal of Language and Linguistics, vol. 28, no. 2, 2010.
@article{Holm2010b,
title = {Language and linguistics},
author = {David Holm and Li Jinfang and Yongxian Luo and Somsonge Burusphat and Qin Xiaohang and Amara Prasithrathsint and Voravudhi Chirasombutti and Wilaiwan Khanittanan
},
year = {2010},
date = {2010-06-01},
journal = {Journal of Language and Linguistics},
volume = {28},
number = {2},
abstract = {The traditional character script used among the Zhuang and other Tai-speaking peoples is widely held to date from around the Tang dynasty, some 1600 years ago. There is very little external evidence for the date of this script, and what little exists is difficult to interpret. This paper will adopt a different strategy, and examine the evidence internal to the script itself. That is to say, it will seek to clarify the dating of various readings of the Chinese characters and their phonetic components used in the script, by comparing these readings with the reconstructed historical pronunciation of the same graphs in Chinese at various periods. The following discussion is based on a survey of the traditional script in 45 locations spread across Guangxi, Guizhou, eastern Yunnan, and northern Vietnam. The survey is based on attested readings from traditional texts, rather than dictionary entries. Given the complexity of the issues involved, I will proceed by analysing readings for a single example, naeuz (nAu 2)‘to tell’, a common word in the Northern dialects of Zhuang and Bouyei (Yay).
HCT seems not to have listed this word, which is not found under either ‘to speak’or ‘to tell’. Nor is it listed in Liang Min and Zhang Junru’s Dong-Tai yuzu gailun, or in Xing Gongwan’s Han-Taiyu bijiao shouce. The Zhuang dialect survey lists this item (ZhYFYYJ, p. 715, item 821), which is glossed as 告訴 ‘to inform’. In this source, nau 2 is found consistently in most Northern Zhuang and a few Southern Zhuang locations, while other areas have other morphemes such as lun 6 (lGn 6), kau 5, or ha 4 (ja 4).},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
The traditional character script used among the Zhuang and other Tai-speaking peoples is widely held to date from around the Tang dynasty, some 1600 years ago. There is very little external evidence for the date of this script, and what little exists is difficult to interpret. This paper will adopt a different strategy, and examine the evidence internal to the script itself. That is to say, it will seek to clarify the dating of various readings of the Chinese characters and their phonetic components used in the script, by comparing these readings with the reconstructed historical pronunciation of the same graphs in Chinese at various periods. The following discussion is based on a survey of the traditional script in 45 locations spread across Guangxi, Guizhou, eastern Yunnan, and northern Vietnam. The survey is based on attested readings from traditional texts, rather than dictionary entries. Given the complexity of the issues involved, I will proceed by analysing readings for a single example, naeuz (nAu 2)‘to tell’, a common word in the Northern dialects of Zhuang and Bouyei (Yay).
HCT seems not to have listed this word, which is not found under either ‘to speak’or ‘to tell’. Nor is it listed in Liang Min and Zhang Junru’s Dong-Tai yuzu gailun, or in Xing Gongwan’s Han-Taiyu bijiao shouce. The Zhuang dialect survey lists this item (ZhYFYYJ, p. 715, item 821), which is glossed as 告訴 ‘to inform’. In this source, nau 2 is found consistently in most Northern Zhuang and a few Southern Zhuang locations, while other areas have other morphemes such as lun 6 (lGn 6), kau 5, or ha 4 (ja 4).
HCT seems not to have listed this word, which is not found under either ‘to speak’or ‘to tell’. Nor is it listed in Liang Min and Zhang Junru’s Dong-Tai yuzu gailun, or in Xing Gongwan’s Han-Taiyu bijiao shouce. The Zhuang dialect survey lists this item (ZhYFYYJ, p. 715, item 821), which is glossed as 告訴 ‘to inform’. In this source, nau 2 is found consistently in most Northern Zhuang and a few Southern Zhuang locations, while other areas have other morphemes such as lun 6 (lGn 6), kau 5, or ha 4 (ja 4).
Prasithrathsint, Amara
Transferring sociolinguistic markers in translation Conference
Transferring sociolinguistic markers in translation, Translation and Interpretation in a Multilingual Context: Proceedings from the First International Conference in Translation and Interpretation, 2010.
@conference{Prasithrathsint2010d,
title = {Transferring sociolinguistic markers in translation},
author = {Amara Prasithrathsint},
year = {2010},
date = {2010-03-10},
booktitle = {Transferring sociolinguistic markers in translation},
journal = {Translation and Interpretation in a Multilingual Context: Proceedings from the First International Conference in Translation and Interpretation},
pages = {25-29},
publisher = {Translation and Interpretation in a Multilingual Context: Proceedings from the First International Conference in Translation and Interpretation},
abstract = {It is generally accepted that the ultimate aim of translation is to have a target text that is the best equivalent of the source text. Many theories on translation (e.g., Larson 1984, Malmkjaer 2005) emphasize that the translated text must have the same meaning as the original text. Thus, it seems that " meaning " or " semantic equivalence " is the key concept in translation. However, several scholars in the field of translation (e.g., Bell 1991, Catford 1986, Nida and Taber 2003,) have shown that good translation does not depend on meaning alone and that structural and pragmatic equivalence are also necessary in translation. Even so, I find that is still inadequate. One important component of good translation is missing in the past literature. That is sociolinguistic equivalence. Thus, in this paper, I will argue that sociolinguistic features that mark social group identity and speech situations need to be transferred effectively from the source language to the target language in order to have a good translation equivalent. The analysis of the present study is based on data of bilingual texts taken from two novels and their translations. The first one is the Thai novel Time in the bottle written by Praphatsorn Seiwikun and its English version by Phongdeit Jiangphatthanarkit and Marcel Barang. The second one is the American novel The Color Purple by Alice Walker and its Thai version by Akaramunee Wannapraphai. The analysis was done by comparing each pair of the texts focusing on sociolinguistic markers that are transferred or not transferred. Sociolinguistic markers mean linguistic variables or features that indicate, on the one hand, the social background or identity of a speaker of a language and, on the other hand, the situation in which the speech takes place. Labov (1972: 179) emphasizes the important role of sociolinguistic markers in identifying the speaker and the speech style. Halliday (1970) proposes the terms " users " and " uses " to represent the two dimensions of speech. Sociolinguistic studies show that no speech is uttered in a vacuum. All utterances are related to social variables, as mentioned above. In other words, language varies according to social factors. Therefore, it is necessary that a translator take this into account in order to achieve the best output. First, he/she has to consider significant linguistic features that correspond to characteristics of the speaker, such as age, gender, social class, and ethnicity. Then, he/she should focus on eminent features related to situational features. If these features are overlooked, then the output of translation may be of mediocre quality. The first dimension of sociolinguistic markers is speakers' or users' dimension. Examples of this dimension are shown in Table 1. As can be seen in Table 1, linguistic variation related to the speaker's characteristics is common in pronunciation. In Thai, if a person pronounces /r/ as [l] in a word like rak 'love', he/she is likely to be taken as younger than a person who pronounces the same word with [r]. In English, gender and social class influence the pronunciation of the-ing form, as in playing, and the post-vocalic /r/, as in car, respectively. Studies show that men use the [-in] variant more than women, and that it is likely that the working class pronounce the post},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {conference}
}
It is generally accepted that the ultimate aim of translation is to have a target text that is the best equivalent of the source text. Many theories on translation (e.g., Larson 1984, Malmkjaer 2005) emphasize that the translated text must have the same meaning as the original text. Thus, it seems that " meaning " or " semantic equivalence " is the key concept in translation. However, several scholars in the field of translation (e.g., Bell 1991, Catford 1986, Nida and Taber 2003,) have shown that good translation does not depend on meaning alone and that structural and pragmatic equivalence are also necessary in translation. Even so, I find that is still inadequate. One important component of good translation is missing in the past literature. That is sociolinguistic equivalence. Thus, in this paper, I will argue that sociolinguistic features that mark social group identity and speech situations need to be transferred effectively from the source language to the target language in order to have a good translation equivalent. The analysis of the present study is based on data of bilingual texts taken from two novels and their translations. The first one is the Thai novel Time in the bottle written by Praphatsorn Seiwikun and its English version by Phongdeit Jiangphatthanarkit and Marcel Barang. The second one is the American novel The Color Purple by Alice Walker and its Thai version by Akaramunee Wannapraphai. The analysis was done by comparing each pair of the texts focusing on sociolinguistic markers that are transferred or not transferred. Sociolinguistic markers mean linguistic variables or features that indicate, on the one hand, the social background or identity of a speaker of a language and, on the other hand, the situation in which the speech takes place. Labov (1972: 179) emphasizes the important role of sociolinguistic markers in identifying the speaker and the speech style. Halliday (1970) proposes the terms " users " and " uses " to represent the two dimensions of speech. Sociolinguistic studies show that no speech is uttered in a vacuum. All utterances are related to social variables, as mentioned above. In other words, language varies according to social factors. Therefore, it is necessary that a translator take this into account in order to achieve the best output. First, he/she has to consider significant linguistic features that correspond to characteristics of the speaker, such as age, gender, social class, and ethnicity. Then, he/she should focus on eminent features related to situational features. If these features are overlooked, then the output of translation may be of mediocre quality. The first dimension of sociolinguistic markers is speakers' or users' dimension. Examples of this dimension are shown in Table 1. As can be seen in Table 1, linguistic variation related to the speaker's characteristics is common in pronunciation. In Thai, if a person pronounces /r/ as [l] in a word like rak 'love', he/she is likely to be taken as younger than a person who pronounces the same word with [r]. In English, gender and social class influence the pronunciation of the-ing form, as in playing, and the post-vocalic /r/, as in car, respectively. Studies show that men use the [-in] variant more than women, and that it is likely that the working class pronounce the post
Prasithrathsint, Amara
Parts of speech in Thai: A syntactic analysis Journal Article
In: Bangkok: Chulalongkorn University press, pp. 129-140, 2010.
@article{Prasithrathsint2010,
title = {Parts of speech in Thai: A syntactic analysis},
author = {Amara Prasithrathsint},
year = {2010},
date = {2010-01-01},
journal = {Bangkok: Chulalongkorn University press},
pages = {129-140},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Prasithrathsint, Amara
Grammaticalization of nouns into prepositions in Thai Journal Article
In: Language and Linguistics, vol. 28, no. 2, pp. 68-83, 2010.
@article{Prasithrathsint2010b,
title = {Grammaticalization of nouns into prepositions in Thai},
author = {Amara Prasithrathsint},
year = {2010},
date = {2010-01-01},
journal = {Language and Linguistics},
volume = {28},
number = {2},
pages = {68-83},
abstract = {In my study on parts of speech in Thai (Prasithrathsint 2010), I classified words in Thai into eight categories: noun, verb, adjective, numeral, adverb, preposition, conjunction, and particle. In this study I found several problems that hindered me from reaching a neat classification of words in Thai due to the lack of morphological marking, ambivalent environments, and homophony of forms. Among the problems are the equivocality of prepositions; ie, a number of them can be regarded as other parts of speech: verbs or nouns.
The homophony of prepositions and verbs has been investigated by Intratat (1996), who came to a conclusion that there are 23 prepositions in Thai that are grammaticalized from verbs, such as caak'from'(<'place'), taam'following'(<'to follow"), thi'at'(<'to arrive"), suầu'toward'(<'to go toward"), pen'as'(<'to be), troy'right at'(<'to be straight'), etc. Intratat (1996) shows evidence that these forms are still used},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
In my study on parts of speech in Thai (Prasithrathsint 2010), I classified words in Thai into eight categories: noun, verb, adjective, numeral, adverb, preposition, conjunction, and particle. In this study I found several problems that hindered me from reaching a neat classification of words in Thai due to the lack of morphological marking, ambivalent environments, and homophony of forms. Among the problems are the equivocality of prepositions; ie, a number of them can be regarded as other parts of speech: verbs or nouns.
The homophony of prepositions and verbs has been investigated by Intratat (1996), who came to a conclusion that there are 23 prepositions in Thai that are grammaticalized from verbs, such as caak'from'(<'place'), taam'following'(<'to follow"), thi'at'(<'to arrive"), suầu'toward'(<'to go toward"), pen'as'(<'to be), troy'right at'(<'to be straight'), etc. Intratat (1996) shows evidence that these forms are still used
The homophony of prepositions and verbs has been investigated by Intratat (1996), who came to a conclusion that there are 23 prepositions in Thai that are grammaticalized from verbs, such as caak'from'(<'place'), taam'following'(<'to follow"), thi'at'(<'to arrive"), suầu'toward'(<'to go toward"), pen'as'(<'to be), troy'right at'(<'to be straight'), etc. Intratat (1996) shows evidence that these forms are still used
Holm, David; Prasithrathsint, Amara; Chirasombutti, Voravudhi; Khanittanan, Wilaiwan
Anthony VN Diller Journal Article
In: 2010.
@article{Holm2010,
title = {Anthony VN Diller},
author = {David Holm and Amara Prasithrathsint and Voravudhi Chirasombutti and Wilaiwan Khanittanan
},
year = {2010},
date = {2010-01-01},
abstract = {In my study on parts of speech in Thai (Prasithrathsint 2010), I classified words i Thai into eight categories: noun, verb, adjective, numeral, adverb, preposition conjunction, and particle. In this study I found several problems that hindered me fror reaching a neat classification of words in Thai due to the lack of morphological marking ambivalent environments, and homophony of forms. Among the problems are th equivocality of prepositions; ie, a number of them can be regarded as other parts of speec verbs or nouns.
The homophony of prepositions and verbs has been investigated by Intratat (1996 who came to a conclusion that there are 23 prepositions in Thai that are grammaticalize from verbs, such as caak'from'(<'place'), taam'following'(<'to follow"), thy'at'(<'t arrive'), suu'toward'(<'to go toward'), pen'as'(<'to be"), troŋ'right at'(<'to be straight etc.},
keywords = {},
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tppubtype = {article}
}
In my study on parts of speech in Thai (Prasithrathsint 2010), I classified words i Thai into eight categories: noun, verb, adjective, numeral, adverb, preposition conjunction, and particle. In this study I found several problems that hindered me fror reaching a neat classification of words in Thai due to the lack of morphological marking ambivalent environments, and homophony of forms. Among the problems are th equivocality of prepositions; ie, a number of them can be regarded as other parts of speec verbs or nouns.
The homophony of prepositions and verbs has been investigated by Intratat (1996 who came to a conclusion that there are 23 prepositions in Thai that are grammaticalize from verbs, such as caak'from'(<'place'), taam'following'(<'to follow"), thy'at'(<'t arrive'), suu'toward'(<'to go toward'), pen'as'(<'to be"), troŋ'right at'(<'to be straight etc.
The homophony of prepositions and verbs has been investigated by Intratat (1996 who came to a conclusion that there are 23 prepositions in Thai that are grammaticalize from verbs, such as caak'from'(<'place'), taam'following'(<'to follow"), thy'at'(<'t arrive'), suu'toward'(<'to go toward'), pen'as'(<'to be"), troŋ'right at'(<'to be straight etc.
2009
Prasithrathsint, Amara; Yaowapat, Natchanan
A typology of relative clauses in mainland Southeast Asian languages Journal Article
In: Mon-Khmer Studies, vol. 38, pp. 1-23, 2009.
@article{Prasithrathsint2009,
title = {A typology of relative clauses in mainland Southeast Asian languages},
author = {Amara Prasithrathsint and Natchanan Yaowapat
},
year = {2009},
date = {2009-01-01},
journal = {Mon-Khmer Studies},
volume = {38},
pages = {1-23},
abstract = {The present study aims to investigate relative clauses in four mainland Southeast Asian languages, that is, Thai, Lao, Vietnamese, and Cambodian, and to classify relative clauses found in those languages. Using seven typological parameters, that is, position of head noun, order of relative clause and head noun, relativization strategies, grammatical functions of relativized nouns according to Noun Phrase Accessibility by Keenan and Comrie (1977), omission of relativizers, status of verb in relative clause, and relative pronoun or not relative pronoun parameter, it is found that there are eight types of relative clauses found in Thai, Lao, Vietnamese, and Cambodian. They are 1) external relative clauses, 2) postnominal relative clauses, 3) types of relative clauses related to relativizers, 4) relative clauses with gaps,5) relative clauses with pronoun retention, 6) relative clauses without relativizers and with finite verbs},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
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}
The present study aims to investigate relative clauses in four mainland Southeast Asian languages, that is, Thai, Lao, Vietnamese, and Cambodian, and to classify relative clauses found in those languages. Using seven typological parameters, that is, position of head noun, order of relative clause and head noun, relativization strategies, grammatical functions of relativized nouns according to Noun Phrase Accessibility by Keenan and Comrie (1977), omission of relativizers, status of verb in relative clause, and relative pronoun or not relative pronoun parameter, it is found that there are eight types of relative clauses found in Thai, Lao, Vietnamese, and Cambodian. They are 1) external relative clauses, 2) postnominal relative clauses, 3) types of relative clauses related to relativizers, 4) relative clauses with gaps,5) relative clauses with pronoun retention, 6) relative clauses without relativizers and with finite verbs
Prasithrathsint, Amara
Complementizers and verb classification in Thai Journal Article
In: Journal of the Southeast Asian Linguistics Society, vol. 2, pp. 145-160, 2009.
@article{Prasithrathsint2009b,
title = {Complementizers and verb classification in Thai},
author = {Amara Prasithrathsint},
year = {2009},
date = {2009-01-01},
journal = {Journal of the Southeast Asian Linguistics Society},
volume = {2},
pages = {145-160},
abstract = {Despite the important role complementizers play in forming complex sentences, a review of literature shows that there has been no study focusing particularly on complementizers in Thai. Most studies treat them as elements related to such phenomena as parts of speech, embedding, subordinate clauses, etc. Their syntactic behavior is still obscure. Moreover, there is dispute as to what should be analyzed as complementizers and what conditions their occurrence. This study thus aims to identify complementizers in Thai and find out how they are related to verb classification.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Despite the important role complementizers play in forming complex sentences, a review of literature shows that there has been no study focusing particularly on complementizers in Thai. Most studies treat them as elements related to such phenomena as parts of speech, embedding, subordinate clauses, etc. Their syntactic behavior is still obscure. Moreover, there is dispute as to what should be analyzed as complementizers and what conditions their occurrence. This study thus aims to identify complementizers in Thai and find out how they are related to verb classification.
Prasithrathsint, Amara
Leech, Geoffrey, Marianne Hundt, Christian Mair and Nicholas Smith. 2009. Change in Contemporary English: A Grammatical Study. Cambridge: Cambridge University Journal Article
In: Humanities: Journal of Humanities, vol. 12, no. 3, pp. 127-130, 2009.
@article{Prasithrathsint2009c,
title = {Leech, Geoffrey, Marianne Hundt, Christian Mair and Nicholas Smith. 2009. Change in Contemporary English: A Grammatical Study. Cambridge: Cambridge University},
author = {Amara Prasithrathsint},
year = {2009},
date = {2009-01-01},
journal = {Humanities: Journal of Humanities},
volume = {12},
number = {3},
pages = {127-130},
abstract = {This book provides knowledge of change in the grammar of English. It is based on empirical research and is different from many other linguistic text-books. In the introduction, the authors tell about what motivated them to do this work. They say,“… there is very little we know about grammatical change in written standard English in the twentieth century…. What, then, are the causes of this apparent ‘grammatical blindness?’”(Leech et al 2009: 1).
In the presentation of the content,“a starting point is provided by the many current hypotheses and assumptions about changes going on in English grammar, which are rarely completely unfounded, but documentation is usually very patchy, impressionistic, and colored by prescriptive linguistics.”(Leech et al 2009: 14)},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
This book provides knowledge of change in the grammar of English. It is based on empirical research and is different from many other linguistic text-books. In the introduction, the authors tell about what motivated them to do this work. They say,“… there is very little we know about grammatical change in written standard English in the twentieth century…. What, then, are the causes of this apparent ‘grammatical blindness?’”(Leech et al 2009: 1).
In the presentation of the content,“a starting point is provided by the many current hypotheses and assumptions about changes going on in English grammar, which are rarely completely unfounded, but documentation is usually very patchy, impressionistic, and colored by prescriptive linguistics.”(Leech et al 2009: 14)
In the presentation of the content,“a starting point is provided by the many current hypotheses and assumptions about changes going on in English grammar, which are rarely completely unfounded, but documentation is usually very patchy, impressionistic, and colored by prescriptive linguistics.”(Leech et al 2009: 14)
2007
Prasithrathsint, Amara
Principles of Thai place-name formation: a reflection of natural and cultural heritage Journal Article
In: International Journal of the Sociology of Language, vol. 2007, no. 186, pp. 59-73, 2007.
@article{Prasithrathsint2007,
title = {Principles of Thai place-name formation: a reflection of natural and cultural heritage},
author = {Amara Prasithrathsint},
doi = {10.1515/IJSL.2007.042},
year = {2007},
date = {2007-07-20},
journal = {International Journal of the Sociology of Language},
volume = {2007},
number = {186},
pages = {59-73},
abstract = {Based on 1,366 names of districts, subdistricts, villages, and temples in Nan Province, Northern Thailand, this study aims to analyze the meaning of each of the names and formulate general principles of place-name formation in Thai. It is found that folk names are structurally different from official names. A Thai folk place name, such as naa-klia (farm-salt) 'salt farm' and thûη-kwaaη (field-deer) 'field full of deer', is generally composed of a head noun denoting a geographical feature, such as mountain, farm, forest, plain, and field, followed by a modifying word that refers to natural resources, such as salt, rock, teak, sand, animals, and plants, a word that refers to colors, such as 'yellow' and 'white', or a word referring to directions, such as 'south' and 'north'. Unlike folk names, which reflect natural environments, official place names reflect Thai social values. They normally contain elaborate words borrowed from Pali and Sanskrit that refer to auspicious concepts, such as peace, happiness, development, modernity, and Buddhism; for example, sǎntiphâap-phátthanaa 'peace and development.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Based on 1,366 names of districts, subdistricts, villages, and temples in Nan Province, Northern Thailand, this study aims to analyze the meaning of each of the names and formulate general principles of place-name formation in Thai. It is found that folk names are structurally different from official names. A Thai folk place name, such as naa-klia (farm-salt) 'salt farm' and thûη-kwaaη (field-deer) 'field full of deer', is generally composed of a head noun denoting a geographical feature, such as mountain, farm, forest, plain, and field, followed by a modifying word that refers to natural resources, such as salt, rock, teak, sand, animals, and plants, a word that refers to colors, such as 'yellow' and 'white', or a word referring to directions, such as 'south' and 'north'. Unlike folk names, which reflect natural environments, official place names reflect Thai social values. They normally contain elaborate words borrowed from Pali and Sanskrit that refer to auspicious concepts, such as peace, happiness, development, modernity, and Buddhism; for example, sǎntiphâap-phátthanaa 'peace and development.
Prasithrathsint, Amara
The Role of Complementizers in Verb Classification in Thai Journal Article
In: 17th Annual Meeting of the Southeast Asian Linguistics Society, Maryland, 2007.
@article{Prasithrathsint2007b,
title = {The Role of Complementizers in Verb Classification in Thai},
author = {Amara Prasithrathsint},
year = {2007},
date = {2007-01-01},
journal = {17th Annual Meeting of the Southeast Asian Linguistics Society, Maryland},
abstract = {A complementizer is defined here as a function word that marks a complement clause, which is an argument of a matrix verb; for example, that in I think that he will leave tomorrow is a complementizer, and that he will leave tomorrow is a complement clause, which is an argument of the matrix verb think. A review of previous literature related to complementizers in Thai shows that there has been no study focusing particularly on them. Most studies treat them as elements in other phenomena, such as parts of speech, embedding, subordinate clauses, etc. Despite the important role complementizers play in forming complex sentences in Thai, their syntactic behavior is still obscure. Besides, there is dispute as to which words should be analyzed as complementizers and what conditions their occurrence.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
A complementizer is defined here as a function word that marks a complement clause, which is an argument of a matrix verb; for example, that in I think that he will leave tomorrow is a complementizer, and that he will leave tomorrow is a complement clause, which is an argument of the matrix verb think. A review of previous literature related to complementizers in Thai shows that there has been no study focusing particularly on them. Most studies treat them as elements in other phenomena, such as parts of speech, embedding, subordinate clauses, etc. Despite the important role complementizers play in forming complex sentences in Thai, their syntactic behavior is still obscure. Besides, there is dispute as to which words should be analyzed as complementizers and what conditions their occurrence.
2006
Prasithrathsint, Amara
Development of the thùuk passive marker in Thai Journal Article
In: Typological Studies In Language, vol. 68, pp. 115-131, 2006.
@article{Prasithrathsint2006,
title = {Development of the thùuk passive marker in Thai},
author = {Amara Prasithrathsint},
doi = {10.1075/tsl.68.09pra},
year = {2006},
date = {2006-09-20},
journal = {Typological Studies In Language},
volume = {68},
pages = {115-131},
abstract = {Based on an approximately four-million-word corpus of Thai and some other related languages covering a time span of seven centuries (from the end ofthe 13th century to the present time), this study shows that the present passive marker in Thai (thuuk-) has developed from a lexical word originally meaning ‘to touch’or ‘to hit on the point’. The development of this lexical word into the passive marker involves 8 stages: 1) lexical transitive verb thuuk ‘to touch, to hit on the point’> 2) lexical intransitive verb thuuk ‘to be suitable’> 3) lexical transitive verb thuuk ‘to suit’> 4) modal intransitive verb thuuk ‘must, have to, to be obliged to’> 5) modal intransitive verb thuuk ‘to be affected by’> 6) modal intransitive verb thuuk 4 adversative passive marker> 7) auxiliary verb thuuk 4 non-adversative passive marker)> 8) the prefix thuuk-, the true passive marker in Thai.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Based on an approximately four-million-word corpus of Thai and some other related languages covering a time span of seven centuries (from the end ofthe 13th century to the present time), this study shows that the present passive marker in Thai (thuuk-) has developed from a lexical word originally meaning ‘to touch’or ‘to hit on the point’. The development of this lexical word into the passive marker involves 8 stages: 1) lexical transitive verb thuuk ‘to touch, to hit on the point’> 2) lexical intransitive verb thuuk ‘to be suitable’> 3) lexical transitive verb thuuk ‘to suit’> 4) modal intransitive verb thuuk ‘must, have to, to be obliged to’> 5) modal intransitive verb thuuk ‘to be affected by’> 6) modal intransitive verb thuuk 4 adversative passive marker> 7) auxiliary verb thuuk 4 non-adversative passive marker)> 8) the prefix thuuk-, the true passive marker in Thai.
Prasithrathsint, Amara; Yaowapat, Natchanan
Reduced relative clauses in Thai and Vietnamese Journal Article
In: SEALS XVI, pp. 143, 2006.
@article{Prasithrathsint2006b,
title = {Reduced relative clauses in Thai and Vietnamese},
author = {Amara Prasithrathsint and Natchanan Yaowapat},
year = {2006},
date = {2006-01-01},
journal = {SEALS XVI},
pages = {143},
abstract = {The present study focuses on a string of noun–modifier in two Southeast Asian languages, that is, Thai and Vietnamese. This string of noun–modifier, such as nǎŋsɨ̌ɨ phԑԑŋ (bookexpensive)‘expensive book’in Thai, often brings about a controversy as to what linguistic category the modifier belongs to. Some linguists label such a modifier an adjective. Others consider it to be a relative clause. In this study, we argue that it is a type of relative clauses; namely, reduced relative clause because it has important universal characteristics of relative clauses, that is, it functions as a noun modifier, contains a main verb and a gap that is coreferential with the head noun. We also aim to uncover syntactic and semantic constraints that govern its occurrence. Syntactically, it is found that the clause normally begins with a verb without a relativizer at the beginning of the clause. It is also found that the reduced relative clause is obligatorily adjacent to the head noun. Concerning relativization, this type of relative clause cannot occur with relativized indirect object. Semantically, we found that reduced relative clauses modify only indefinite and non-specific head nouns.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
The present study focuses on a string of noun–modifier in two Southeast Asian languages, that is, Thai and Vietnamese. This string of noun–modifier, such as nǎŋsɨ̌ɨ phԑԑŋ (bookexpensive)‘expensive book’in Thai, often brings about a controversy as to what linguistic category the modifier belongs to. Some linguists label such a modifier an adjective. Others consider it to be a relative clause. In this study, we argue that it is a type of relative clauses; namely, reduced relative clause because it has important universal characteristics of relative clauses, that is, it functions as a noun modifier, contains a main verb and a gap that is coreferential with the head noun. We also aim to uncover syntactic and semantic constraints that govern its occurrence. Syntactically, it is found that the clause normally begins with a verb without a relativizer at the beginning of the clause. It is also found that the reduced relative clause is obligatorily adjacent to the head noun. Concerning relativization, this type of relative clause cannot occur with relativized indirect object. Semantically, we found that reduced relative clauses modify only indefinite and non-specific head nouns.
2005
Prasithrathsint, Amara
Nominalization and categorization of verbs in Thai Journal Article
In: Proceedings of SEALS, vol. 15, pp. 73-81, 2005.
@article{Prasithrathsint2005,
title = {Nominalization and categorization of verbs in Thai},
author = {Amara Prasithrathsint},
year = {2005},
date = {2005-01-01},
journal = {Proceedings of SEALS},
volume = {15},
pages = { 73-81},
abstract = {Nominalization refers to “the process of forming a noun from some other word class (eg red-ness) or (in classical Transformational Grammar especially) the derivation of a noun phrase from an underlying clause (eg His answering of the letter… from He answered the letter)”(Cystal 1991: 232-234). This study deals with the first type of nominalization, which is labeled as “lexical nominalization” by Givo¤ n (1984: 498)},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Nominalization refers to “the process of forming a noun from some other word class (eg red-ness) or (in classical Transformational Grammar especially) the derivation of a noun phrase from an underlying clause (eg His answering of the letter… from He answered the letter)”(Cystal 1991: 232-234). This study deals with the first type of nominalization, which is labeled as “lexical nominalization” by Givo¤ n (1984: 498)
Prasithrathsint, Amara
Linguistic markers and stylistic attributes of hedging in English academic papers written by native and non-native speakers of English Journal Article
In: Humanities: Journal of Humanities, vol. 8, no. 1, pp. 1-22, 2005.
@article{Prasithrathsint2005b,
title = {Linguistic markers and stylistic attributes of hedging in English academic papers written by native and non-native speakers of English},
author = {Amara Prasithrathsint},
doi = {10.1163/26659077-01801001},
year = {2005},
date = {2005-01-01},
journal = {Humanities: Journal of Humanities},
volume = {8},
number = {1},
pages = {1-22},
abstract = {Hedging means mitigating words so as to lessen the impact of an utterance. It may cause uncertainty in language but is regarded as an important feature in English academic writing. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the style of academic writing in English with particular reference to the significant role of hedging and the linguistic features that mark it. The data was taken from academic articles in the humanities written by native speakers of English, Filipino speakers of English, and Thai speakers of English. It is hypothesized that speakers of English as a foreign language use fewer and different hedging devices than native speakers of English. The result of the analysis shows that the prominent linguistic markers of hedging are the auxiliaries may, might, could, the verbs suggest, appear, seem, and the adverbs perhaps and often. They are divided into three groups according to their stylistic attributes of hedging; namely, probability, indetermination, and approximation. The use of hedging found in the data confirms what Hyman (1994) says; i.e., that hedging allows writers to express their uncertainty about the truth of their statements. It is also found that English native speakers use hedges most frequently. The Filipino speakers of English are the second, and the Thai speakers of English use hedges the least frequency. This implies that hedging is likely to be related to the level of competence in English including knowledge of stylistic variation, and that it needs to be formally taught to those who speak English as a second or foreign language.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Hedging means mitigating words so as to lessen the impact of an utterance. It may cause uncertainty in language but is regarded as an important feature in English academic writing. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the style of academic writing in English with particular reference to the significant role of hedging and the linguistic features that mark it. The data was taken from academic articles in the humanities written by native speakers of English, Filipino speakers of English, and Thai speakers of English. It is hypothesized that speakers of English as a foreign language use fewer and different hedging devices than native speakers of English. The result of the analysis shows that the prominent linguistic markers of hedging are the auxiliaries may, might, could, the verbs suggest, appear, seem, and the adverbs perhaps and often. They are divided into three groups according to their stylistic attributes of hedging; namely, probability, indetermination, and approximation. The use of hedging found in the data confirms what Hyman (1994) says; i.e., that hedging allows writers to express their uncertainty about the truth of their statements. It is also found that English native speakers use hedges most frequently. The Filipino speakers of English are the second, and the Thai speakers of English use hedges the least frequency. This implies that hedging is likely to be related to the level of competence in English including knowledge of stylistic variation, and that it needs to be formally taught to those who speak English as a second or foreign language.
Prasithrathsint, Amara
Variation in the use of numeral classifiers in Ahom: Implications for a typological shift from a classifier to a non-classifier language Journal Article
In: Paper Summary of the 38th International Sino-Tibetan Conference, 2005.
@article{Prasithrathsint2005c,
title = {Variation in the use of numeral classifiers in Ahom: Implications for a typological shift from a classifier to a non-classifier language},
author = {Amara Prasithrathsint},
year = {2005},
date = {2005-01-01},
journal = {Paper Summary of the 38th International Sino-Tibetan Conference},
abstract = {This study focuses on the use and non-use of numeral classifiers in Ahom, an extinct Tai language spoken by the Ahom people who ruled the Brahmaputra Valley in the Indian State of Assam between the 13th and the 18th century. Numeral classifiers are classifiers that appear in the context of quantification. They are always next or bound to a number or quantifier; for example, in Thai, tua is a classifier for animals. },
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
This study focuses on the use and non-use of numeral classifiers in Ahom, an extinct Tai language spoken by the Ahom people who ruled the Brahmaputra Valley in the Indian State of Assam between the 13th and the 18th century. Numeral classifiers are classifiers that appear in the context of quantification. They are always next or bound to a number or quantifier; for example, in Thai, tua is a classifier for animals.
2004
Prasithrathsint, Amara
12. Four-Word Elaborate Expressions In Yunnan Tai Lue: A Pan-Tai Cultural Trait? Journal Article
In: The Tai-Kadai Languages, pp. 395, 2004.
@article{Prasithrathsint2004b,
title = {12. Four-Word Elaborate Expressions In Yunnan Tai Lue: A Pan-Tai Cultural Trait?},
author = {Amara Prasithrathsint},
year = {2004},
date = {2004-11-30},
journal = {The Tai-Kadai Languages},
pages = {395},
abstract = {A four-word elaborate expression is an idiom that is composed of four monosyllabic words; thus, it is named a ‘four-syllable word’or a ‘four-syllable compound’by some linguists. Examples of four-word elaborate expressions in Standard Thai are as follows:(1) yu¿ u dii kin dii stay good eat good ‘to be well-off’(2) kin khaÁaw kin plaa eat rice eat fish to eat (rice)(3) tham raÁy thaÂy naa make farm plough rice paddy ‘to do rice-farming’(4) yu¿ u yen pen su¿ k stay cool stay happy ‘to live happily’1 The earlier version of this paper was presented at the International Conference on Hua Yao Dai Culture of Upper Red River in Xin Ping County, Yunnan Province, People’s Republic of China, January 3-8, 2001. All the data on which this study is based was from Wu Ling Yun and his book while he was in Thailand in 1987. He often encouraged me to write a paper on this topic, but it took me very long to finish writing the paper as he wished. I am very grateful to him and dedicate this paper to him. I would also like to thank Dr Pranee Kullavanijaya, an expert in Tai linguistics, for her valuable advice and suggestions, which have helped me improve this paper.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
A four-word elaborate expression is an idiom that is composed of four monosyllabic words; thus, it is named a ‘four-syllable word’or a ‘four-syllable compound’by some linguists. Examples of four-word elaborate expressions in Standard Thai are as follows:(1) yu¿ u dii kin dii stay good eat good ‘to be well-off’(2) kin khaÁaw kin plaa eat rice eat fish to eat (rice)(3) tham raÁy thaÂy naa make farm plough rice paddy ‘to do rice-farming’(4) yu¿ u yen pen su¿ k stay cool stay happy ‘to live happily’1 The earlier version of this paper was presented at the International Conference on Hua Yao Dai Culture of Upper Red River in Xin Ping County, Yunnan Province, People’s Republic of China, January 3-8, 2001. All the data on which this study is based was from Wu Ling Yun and his book while he was in Thailand in 1987. He often encouraged me to write a paper on this topic, but it took me very long to finish writing the paper as he wished. I am very grateful to him and dedicate this paper to him. I would also like to thank Dr Pranee Kullavanijaya, an expert in Tai linguistics, for her valuable advice and suggestions, which have helped me improve this paper.
Prasithrathsint, Amara
The Adversative passive marker as a prominent areal feature of Southeast Asian languages Journal Article
In: Eleventh Annual Meeting of Southeast Asian Linguistics Society 2001, pp. 583-598, 2004.
@article{Prasithrathsint2004,
title = {The Adversative passive marker as a prominent areal feature of Southeast Asian languages},
author = {Amara Prasithrathsint},
year = {2004},
date = {2004-01-01},
journal = {Eleventh Annual Meeting of Southeast Asian Linguistics Society 2001},
pages = {583-598},
abstract = {It has been suggested in my previous studies (Prasithrathsint 1985, 2001) that the adversative passive is an areal feature of Southeast Asian languages. It is marked by a word regarded here as an auxiliary verb meaning'to come in contact with or undergo (an unpleasant experience)'; for example,/thuuk/in Thai,/bi/in Vietnamese, and/trow/in Khmer.
Such words are not transparent or simple semantically and syntactically. Dictionaries normally list several meanings of the words, as in the Vietnamese-English Dictionary by Nguyen-Dinh-Hoa (1966), the Vietnamese-Thai Dictionary by Watcharaprapa (1986), and The Thai Royal Institute Dictionary (1982). Others give several entries of the words, such as the Thai-English Dictionary by Haas (1964), and the Khmer-Thai Dictionary by Phraya Anuman-Rachathon (1974). In any case, all we are shown is that these words have multiple meanings, some of which are equivocal.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
It has been suggested in my previous studies (Prasithrathsint 1985, 2001) that the adversative passive is an areal feature of Southeast Asian languages. It is marked by a word regarded here as an auxiliary verb meaning'to come in contact with or undergo (an unpleasant experience)'; for example,/thuuk/in Thai,/bi/in Vietnamese, and/trow/in Khmer.
Such words are not transparent or simple semantically and syntactically. Dictionaries normally list several meanings of the words, as in the Vietnamese-English Dictionary by Nguyen-Dinh-Hoa (1966), the Vietnamese-Thai Dictionary by Watcharaprapa (1986), and The Thai Royal Institute Dictionary (1982). Others give several entries of the words, such as the Thai-English Dictionary by Haas (1964), and the Khmer-Thai Dictionary by Phraya Anuman-Rachathon (1974). In any case, all we are shown is that these words have multiple meanings, some of which are equivocal.
Such words are not transparent or simple semantically and syntactically. Dictionaries normally list several meanings of the words, as in the Vietnamese-English Dictionary by Nguyen-Dinh-Hoa (1966), the Vietnamese-Thai Dictionary by Watcharaprapa (1986), and The Thai Royal Institute Dictionary (1982). Others give several entries of the words, such as the Thai-English Dictionary by Haas (1964), and the Khmer-Thai Dictionary by Phraya Anuman-Rachathon (1974). In any case, all we are shown is that these words have multiple meanings, some of which are equivocal.
2003
Prasithrathsint, Amara
A Typological Approach to the Passive in Thai Journal Article
In: Manusya: Journal of Humanities, vol. 6, no. 4, pp. 1-17, 2003.
@article{Prasithrathsint2003,
title = {A Typological Approach to the Passive in Thai},
author = {Amara Prasithrathsint},
doi = {10.1163/26659077-00604001},
year = {2003},
date = {2003-01-01},
journal = {Manusya: Journal of Humanities},
volume = {6},
number = {4},
pages = {1-17},
abstract = {Based on the generalization and classification of passives in the worldʼs languages put forward by Givón (1979), Siewierska (1984), and Keenan (1990) this study recapitulates the universal types of passive. Twenty types of passive are proposed. They are grouped into ten pairs of contrastive types; namely, passive vs. ergative, true passive vs. pseudo-passive, direct vs. indirect passive, sentential vs. lexical passive, personal vs. impersonal passive, plain vs. reflexive passive, neural vs. adversative or favorable passive, basic vs. non-basic passive, synthetic vs. periphrastic passive, passive with patient subject vs. passive with non-patient subject. It is found that five of these pairs are applicable to the analysis of passive types in Thai. A typological system of passives in Thai is proposed. It comprises eight actual types of passive, which are distinguished from one another by these features: [true], [neutral], [direct], [basic], and [synthetic].},
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pubstate = {published},
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Based on the generalization and classification of passives in the worldʼs languages put forward by Givón (1979), Siewierska (1984), and Keenan (1990) this study recapitulates the universal types of passive. Twenty types of passive are proposed. They are grouped into ten pairs of contrastive types; namely, passive vs. ergative, true passive vs. pseudo-passive, direct vs. indirect passive, sentential vs. lexical passive, personal vs. impersonal passive, plain vs. reflexive passive, neural vs. adversative or favorable passive, basic vs. non-basic passive, synthetic vs. periphrastic passive, passive with patient subject vs. passive with non-patient subject. It is found that five of these pairs are applicable to the analysis of passive types in Thai. A typological system of passives in Thai is proposed. It comprises eight actual types of passive, which are distinguished from one another by these features: [true], [neutral], [direct], [basic], and [synthetic].
Prasithrathsint, Amara; Hoonchamlong, Yupapan; Savetamalya, Saranya
Grammatical Theories Book
Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 2003.
@book{Prasithrathsint2003b,
title = {Grammatical Theories},
author = {Amara Prasithrathsint and Yupapan Hoonchamlong and Saranya Savetamalya},
year = {2003},
date = {2003-01-01},
publisher = {Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok},
abstract = {This book introduces formal grammar theories that play a role in current linguistic theorizing (Phrase Structure Grammar, Transformational Grammar/Government & Binding, Generalized Phrase Structure Grammar, Lexical Functional Grammar, Categorial Grammar, Head-Driven Phrase Structure Grammar, Construction Grammar, Tree Adjoining Grammar). The key assumptions are explained and it is shown how the respective theory treats arguments and adjuncts, the active/passive alternation, local reorderings, verb placement, and fronting of constituents over long distances. The analyses are explained with German as the object language. The second part of the book compares these approaches with respect to their predictions regarding language acquisition and psycholinguistic plausibility. The nativism hypothesis, which assumes that humans posses genetically determined innate language-specific knowledge, is critically examined and alternative models of language acquisition are discussed. The second part then addresses controversial issues of current theory building such as the question of flat or binary branching structures being more appropriate, the question whether constructions should be treated on the phrasal or the lexical level, and the question whether abstract, non-visible entities should play a role in syntactic analyses. It is shown that the analyses suggested in the respective frameworks are often translatable into each other. The book closes with a chapter showing how properties common to all languages or to certain classes of languages can be captured.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {book}
}
This book introduces formal grammar theories that play a role in current linguistic theorizing (Phrase Structure Grammar, Transformational Grammar/Government & Binding, Generalized Phrase Structure Grammar, Lexical Functional Grammar, Categorial Grammar, Head-Driven Phrase Structure Grammar, Construction Grammar, Tree Adjoining Grammar). The key assumptions are explained and it is shown how the respective theory treats arguments and adjuncts, the active/passive alternation, local reorderings, verb placement, and fronting of constituents over long distances. The analyses are explained with German as the object language. The second part of the book compares these approaches with respect to their predictions regarding language acquisition and psycholinguistic plausibility. The nativism hypothesis, which assumes that humans posses genetically determined innate language-specific knowledge, is critically examined and alternative models of language acquisition are discussed. The second part then addresses controversial issues of current theory building such as the question of flat or binary branching structures being more appropriate, the question whether constructions should be treated on the phrasal or the lexical level, and the question whether abstract, non-visible entities should play a role in syntactic analyses. It is shown that the analyses suggested in the respective frameworks are often translatable into each other. The book closes with a chapter showing how properties common to all languages or to certain classes of languages can be captured.
2001
Prasithrathsint, Amara
The establishment of the neutral passive and the persistence of the adversative passive in Thai Journal Article
In: HUMANITY: Journal of Humanities, vol. 4, no. 2, pp. 77-88, 2001.
@article{Prasithrathsint2001,
title = {The establishment of the neutral passive and the persistence of the adversative passive in Thai},
author = {Amara Prasithrathsint},
doi = {10.1163/26659077-00402006},
year = {2001},
date = {2001-01-01},
journal = {HUMANITY: Journal of Humanities},
volume = {4},
number = {2},
pages = {77-88},
abstract = {This study traces the development of the adversative and neutral passives in Thai to draw inferences about their establishment and change. It shows how the word/thùuk/, which used to occur with only a verb with unfavorable meaning to form an adversative passive, is now used with virtually all transitive verbs in Thai. This suggests that the neutral passive has been established in Thai syntax. However, /thùuk/ is ambivalent because it marks both adversative and neutral passives . This means that the adversative passive still persists in Thai, but it is now likely to be marked by /doon/, which has a clear adversative meaning. This passive marker seems to have developed in the track of /thùuk/ and is replacing the equivocal /thùuk/ marker.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
This study traces the development of the adversative and neutral passives in Thai to draw inferences about their establishment and change. It shows how the word/thùuk/, which used to occur with only a verb with unfavorable meaning to form an adversative passive, is now used with virtually all transitive verbs in Thai. This suggests that the neutral passive has been established in Thai syntax. However, /thùuk/ is ambivalent because it marks both adversative and neutral passives . This means that the adversative passive still persists in Thai, but it is now likely to be marked by /doon/, which has a clear adversative meaning. This passive marker seems to have developed in the track of /thùuk/ and is replacing the equivocal /thùuk/ marker.
Prasithrathsint, Amara
Syntactic Distribution and Communicative Function of the/kh/Polite Particles in Thai Journal Article
In: Language and Linguistics, vol. 20, no. 1, pp. 11-23, 2001.
@article{Prasithrathsint2001b,
title = {Syntactic Distribution and Communicative Function of the/kh/Polite Particles in Thai},
author = {Amara Prasithrathsint},
year = {2001},
date = {2001-01-01},
journal = {Language and Linguistics},
volume = {20},
number = {1},
pages = {11-23},
abstract = {The final particles that seem to occur most frequently in Thai conversations are/khá/or/khâ, used by women, and/khráp/or/khráp-phỏm”, used by men. They are normally the final elements in an utterance. If there are several final particles co-occurring, these particles will follow all the other final particles. They mark several degrees of respect the speaker wants to show to the addressee and are used among common people (that is, not used by monks or when talking to royalty). Since they all begin with a/kh/sound, I will generally call them/kh/polite particles. Previous studies that deal with Thai word classes treat the/kh/polite particles as members of the class of particles or final particles, which are placed at the end of a sentence. Haas (1964: xxii) defines “particles” as sentence-ending words that “fall into two classes, those indicating mode and those connoting the social status and sometimes the sex of the speaker},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
The final particles that seem to occur most frequently in Thai conversations are/khá/or/khâ, used by women, and/khráp/or/khráp-phỏm”, used by men. They are normally the final elements in an utterance. If there are several final particles co-occurring, these particles will follow all the other final particles. They mark several degrees of respect the speaker wants to show to the addressee and are used among common people (that is, not used by monks or when talking to royalty). Since they all begin with a/kh/sound, I will generally call them/kh/polite particles. Previous studies that deal with Thai word classes treat the/kh/polite particles as members of the class of particles or final particles, which are placed at the end of a sentence. Haas (1964: xxii) defines “particles” as sentence-ending words that “fall into two classes, those indicating mode and those connoting the social status and sometimes the sex of the speaker
2000
Prasithrathsint, Amara
A change in Thai identity reflected from words in the language Journal Article
In: Linguistic Typology, vol. 4, no. 2, pp. 251-272, 2000.
@article{Prasithrathsint2000,
title = {A change in Thai identity reflected from words in the language},
author = {Amara Prasithrathsint},
doi = {10.1515/lity.2000.4.2.251},
year = {2000},
date = {2000-01-01},
journal = {Linguistic Typology},
volume = {4},
number = {2},
pages = {251-272},
abstract = {Linguistic Typology provides a forum for all work of relevance to the study of language typology and cross-linguistic variation. It welcomes work taking a typological perspective on all domains of the structure of spoken and signed languages, including historical change, language processing, and sociolinguistics. Diverse descriptive and theoretical frameworks are welcomed so long as they have a clear bearing on the study of cross-linguistic variation. We welcome cross-disciplinary approaches to the study of linguistic diversity, as well as work dealing with just one or a few languages, as long as it is typologically informed and typologically and theoretically relevant, and contains new empirical evidence.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Linguistic Typology provides a forum for all work of relevance to the study of language typology and cross-linguistic variation. It welcomes work taking a typological perspective on all domains of the structure of spoken and signed languages, including historical change, language processing, and sociolinguistics. Diverse descriptive and theoretical frameworks are welcomed so long as they have a clear bearing on the study of cross-linguistic variation. We welcome cross-disciplinary approaches to the study of linguistic diversity, as well as work dealing with just one or a few languages, as long as it is typologically informed and typologically and theoretically relevant, and contains new empirical evidence.
Prasithrathsint, Amara
What Part of Speech is níi'this' in Thai? Journal Article
In: Oceanic Linguistics Special Publications, vol. 29, pp. 129-140, 2000.
@article{Prasithrathsint2000b,
title = {What Part of Speech is níi'this' in Thai?},
author = {Amara Prasithrathsint},
year = {2000},
date = {2000-01-01},
journal = {Oceanic Linguistics Special Publications},
volume = {29},
pages = {129-140},
abstract = {The word nfil'this' in Thai is apparently a simple word, but its classification is rather problematic. First, there has not been a consensus as to what part of speech or word class nfl belongs to. It has been classified as a determinative adjective/adverb by Upakit silapasarn (1937: 92); 2 a demonstrative adjective/adverb by the Royal Institute Diction ary (I982: 445); a demonstrative adjective by Haas (I964: 274); just a demonstrative (subclass of substantives) by Noss (I964: I02); 3 a deitic word, which is a subclass of noun substitutes (or pronouns) by Bandhumedha (I984: I4, 34); 4 a pronoun and a deter miner by Panupong (I989: 66, 72); and just a detenminer by Savetamalya (I989: 37, 53, 55, 84, I03), Indrambarya (1994: 179, 201, 2I3; I996: 514), Starosta (i994), and Waro tamasikkhadit (I996: 24). },
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pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
The word nfil'this' in Thai is apparently a simple word, but its classification is rather problematic. First, there has not been a consensus as to what part of speech or word class nfl belongs to. It has been classified as a determinative adjective/adverb by Upakit silapasarn (1937: 92); 2 a demonstrative adjective/adverb by the Royal Institute Diction ary (I982: 445); a demonstrative adjective by Haas (I964: 274); just a demonstrative (subclass of substantives) by Noss (I964: I02); 3 a deitic word, which is a subclass of noun substitutes (or pronouns) by Bandhumedha (I984: I4, 34); 4 a pronoun and a deter miner by Panupong (I989: 66, 72); and just a detenminer by Savetamalya (I989: 37, 53, 55, 84, I03), Indrambarya (1994: 179, 201, 2I3; I996: 514), Starosta (i994), and Waro tamasikkhadit (I996: 24).
1998
Prasithrathsint, Amara
Sociolinguistics Book
Bangkok: Chulalongkorn University Press.(in Thai), 1998.
@book{Prasithrathsint1998,
title = {Sociolinguistics},
author = {Amara Prasithrathsint},
year = {1998},
date = {1998-01-01},
volume = {10},
number = {2},
publisher = {Bangkok: Chulalongkorn University Press.(in Thai)},
abstract = {A review of thirty-one pieces of work on language problems in Thailand with reference to social factors shows that in Thailand itself interest in dealing with language in its social context started about 40 years before the first sociolinguistic study of Thai was done at the beginning of the 1970s. The studies in the last two decades (from 1970 to the present time) follow two major trends in sociolinguistics: study of linguistic variation by relating it to social factors and study of language problems from a macrosociolinguistic point of view. However, sociolinguistic studies of languages in Thailand in the 1980s, when compared to those in the 1970s, seem to be more specific in purpose, more limited in scope, cover more varied topics and deal with more languages other than Bangkok Thai or Standard Thai.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {book}
}
A review of thirty-one pieces of work on language problems in Thailand with reference to social factors shows that in Thailand itself interest in dealing with language in its social context started about 40 years before the first sociolinguistic study of Thai was done at the beginning of the 1970s. The studies in the last two decades (from 1970 to the present time) follow two major trends in sociolinguistics: study of linguistic variation by relating it to social factors and study of language problems from a macrosociolinguistic point of view. However, sociolinguistic studies of languages in Thailand in the 1980s, when compared to those in the 1970s, seem to be more specific in purpose, more limited in scope, cover more varied topics and deal with more languages other than Bangkok Thai or Standard Thai.
1997
Prasithrathsint, Amara
The emergence and development of abstract nominalization in standard Thai Journal Article
In: Southeast Asian Linguistic Studies in Honour of Vichin Panupong, pp. 179-190, 1997.
@article{Prasithrathsint1997,
title = {The emergence and development of abstract nominalization in standard Thai},
author = {Amara Prasithrathsint},
year = {1997},
date = {1997-01-01},
journal = {Southeast Asian Linguistic Studies in Honour of Vichin Panupong},
pages = {179-190},
abstract = {Generally speaking, some kinds of linguistic variation may be more sensitive to social values than others. In Thai society, it seems that grammatical variation does not receive as much interpretation as a social marker as phonological variation. In fact, whereas Thais tend to label a variant of a speech sound in Thai as prestigious or stigmatized, they rarely regard a variant of a morphological or syntactic entity in the language as more prestigious than another. However, it is grammatical variation that tends to cause a greater stir among Thai grammarians and language teachers than phonological variation, because it is concerned with the right or wrong, grammatical or ungrammatical, and appropriate or inappropriate use of language. Passive constructions in Thai can be cited as an example of a syntactic entity that causes a stir in Thai society.Although active and passive constructions can be regarded as two variants.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Generally speaking, some kinds of linguistic variation may be more sensitive to social values than others. In Thai society, it seems that grammatical variation does not receive as much interpretation as a social marker as phonological variation. In fact, whereas Thais tend to label a variant of a speech sound in Thai as prestigious or stigmatized, they rarely regard a variant of a morphological or syntactic entity in the language as more prestigious than another. However, it is grammatical variation that tends to cause a greater stir among Thai grammarians and language teachers than phonological variation, because it is concerned with the right or wrong, grammatical or ungrammatical, and appropriate or inappropriate use of language. Passive constructions in Thai can be cited as an example of a syntactic entity that causes a stir in Thai society.Although active and passive constructions can be regarded as two variants.
1996
Prasithrathsint, Amara
Stylistic differentiation of/kaan/and/khwaam/nominalization in Standard Thai Journal Article
In: Pan-Asiatic Linguistics: Proceedings of the Fourth International Symposium on Languages and Linguistics, vol. 4, pp. 1206-1216, 1996.
@article{Prasithrathsint1996,
title = {Stylistic differentiation of/kaan/and/khwaam/nominalization in Standard Thai},
author = {Amara Prasithrathsint},
year = {1996},
date = {1996-01-01},
journal = {Pan-Asiatic Linguistics: Proceedings of the Fourth International Symposium on Languages and Linguistics},
volume = {4},
pages = {1206-1216},
abstract = {In Thai, two best known patterns of nominalization are:/kaan/+ action VERB, such as/kaan-kin/'eating'(/kin/meaning'eat'), and/kwaam/±stative VERB2, such as/khwaam-dii/'goodness1 (/dû/meaning'good*). The/kaan/morpheme, which functions as a nommalizer, has developed, through a process called grammaticalization, from the lexical word/kaan/meaning'work, affair (s), matters)'. According to Haas (1964: 29), the/kaan/nommalizer is usually rendered in English by such suffixes as-ing,-(t) ion,-ment,-ance (-enee),-ery.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
In Thai, two best known patterns of nominalization are:/kaan/+ action VERB, such as/kaan-kin/'eating'(/kin/meaning'eat'), and/kwaam/±stative VERB2, such as/khwaam-dii/'goodness1 (/dû/meaning'good*). The/kaan/morpheme, which functions as a nommalizer, has developed, through a process called grammaticalization, from the lexical word/kaan/meaning'work, affair (s), matters)'. According to Haas (1964: 29), the/kaan/nommalizer is usually rendered in English by such suffixes as-ing,-(t) ion,-ment,-ance (-enee),-ery.
Prasithrathsint, Amara
Stylistic differentiation of/kaan/and/khwaam/nominalization in Standard Thai Journal Article
In: 1996.
@article{Prasithrathsint1996b,
title = {Stylistic differentiation of/kaan/and/khwaam/nominalization in Standard Thai},
author = {Amara Prasithrathsint},
year = {1996},
date = {1996-01-01},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Prasithrathsint, Amara
A comparative study of the Thai and Zhuang kinship systems Journal Article
In: Collection of Papers on the Relationship between the Zhuang and the Thai, pp. 12-32, 1996.
@article{Prasithrathsint1996c,
title = {A comparative study of the Thai and Zhuang kinship systems},
author = {Amara Prasithrathsint},
year = {1996},
date = {1996-01-01},
journal = {Collection of Papers on the Relationship between the Zhuang and the Thai},
pages = {12-32},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
1994
Prasithrathsint, Amara
Borrowing and nominalization of technical terms in Standard Thai Journal Article
In: Language Reform, History and Future, vol. 6, pp. 9-24, 1994.
@article{Prasithrathsint1994,
title = {Borrowing and nominalization of technical terms in Standard Thai},
author = {Amara Prasithrathsint},
year = {1994},
date = {1994-01-01},
journal = {Language Reform, History and Future},
volume = {6},
pages = {9-24},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
1993
Prasithrathsint, Amara
The linguistic mosaic Journal Article
In: Asia's Cultural Mosaic: An Anthropological Introduction (New York: Prentice Hall, 1993), pp. 88, 1993.
@article{Prasithrathsint1993,
title = {The linguistic mosaic},
author = {Amara Prasithrathsint},
year = {1993},
date = {1993-01-01},
journal = {Asia's Cultural Mosaic: An Anthropological Introduction (New York: Prentice Hall, 1993)},
pages = {88},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}