Barbara Watson Andaya
2021
Andaya, Barbara Watson
Old Age: Widows, Midwives and the Question of "Witchcraft" in Early Modern Southeast Asia Journal Article
In: Asia-Pacific Forum, vol. 28, pp. 104-147, 2021.
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Andaya, Barbara Watson; Busser, Rogier; Post, Peter; Claessen, H. J. M.; Perminow, Arne; van Engelenhoven, Aone; den Berg, René Van; Derks, Will; Marschall, Wolfgang; Kaden, Michael; Sen, Krishna; Kaptein, Nico; Kaptein, Nico; Abaza, Mona; Keppy, P.; Manning, Chris; Niehof, Anke; Dirkse, Jan-Paul; Nooy-Palm, Hetty; Howard, Michale C.; Poeze, Harry; Miert, Hans Van; Reesink, Ger P.; Keck, Verena; Wassmann, Jürg; Tauchmann, K.; Schefold, Reimar; Vos, Reinout
Book Reviews Journal Article
In: 2021.
@article{Andaya2021b,
title = {Book Reviews},
author = {Barbara Watson Andaya and Rogier Busser and Peter Post and H.J.M. Claessen and Arne Perminow and Aone van Engelenhoven and René Van den Berg and Will Derks and Wolfgang Marschall and Michael Kaden and Krishna Sen and Nico Kaptein and Nico Kaptein and Mona Abaza and P. Keppy and Chris Manning and Anke Niehof and Jan-Paul Dirkse and Hetty Nooy-Palm and Michale C. Howard and Harry Poeze and Hans Van Miert and Ger P. Reesink and Verena Keck and Jürg Wassmann and K. Tauchmann and Reimar Schefold and Reinout Vos},
year = {2021},
date = {2021-07-04},
abstract = { Rogier Busser, Peter Post, Japanse bedrijvigheid in Indonesië, 1868-1942; Structurele elementen van Japan’s vooroorlogse economische expansie in Zuidoost Azië. Proefschrift Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, 1991, xviii + 374 pp. - H.J.M. Claessen, Arne Aleksej Perminow, The long way home; Dilemmas of everyday life in a Tongan village. Oslo: Scandinavian University Press, 1993, 166 pp. - Aone van Engelenhoven, René van den Berg, Studies in Sulawesi linguistics III. Jakarta: Badan Penyelenggara Seri Nusa, Universitas Katolik Indonesia Atma Jaya, 1994, xii + 116 pp. [NUSA, Linguistic Studies of Indonesian and Other Languages in Indonesia 36.] - Will Derks, Wolfgang Marschall, Texts from the Islands; Oral and written traditions of Indonesia and the Malay world, (Procedings of the 7th European Colloquium on Indonesia and Malay Studies, Berne, June 1989) 1994, iii + 411 pp. [Ethnologica Bernensia 4]. - Michael Kaden, Krishna Sen, Indonesian Cinema; Framing the New Order, London: Zed Books, 1994, x + 188 pp. - Nico Kaptein, Mona Abaza, Indonesian Students in Cairo; Islamic education perceptions and exchanges, Paris: Association Archipel, 1994, 198 pp. [Cahier d’Archipel 23.] - P. Keppy, Chris Manning, Indonesia assessment 1993; Labour: Sharing in the benefits of growth? Canberra: Australian National University, 1993, xxi + 326 pp., Joan Hardjono (eds.) - Anke Niehof, Jan-Paul Dirkse, Development and social welfare; Indonesia’s experiences under the New Order, Leiden: KITLV Press, 1993, xi + 295 pp., Frans Hüsken, Mario Rutten (eds.) - Hetty Nooy-Palm, Michale C. Howard, Textiles of Southeast Asia; An annotated and illustrated bibliography. Bangkok: White Lotus, 1994, 212 pp. + 64 pp. pf photographs in colour. - Harry A. Poeze, Hans van Miert, Een koel hoofd en een warm hart; Nationalisme, Javanisme en jeugdbeweging in Nederlands-Indië, 1918-1930. Amsterdam: De Bataafsche Leeuw, 1995, 424 pp. - Ger P. Reesink, Jürg Wassmann, Historical atlas of ethnic and linguistic groups in Papua New Guinea, Volume 3, Part 4: New Britain; Part 5: New Ireland; Part 6: Bougainville, Basel: Wepf/University of Basel, Institute of Ethnology, 1995, ix + 185 pp, 30 maps. - Ger P. Reesink, Verena Keck, Historical atlas of ethnic and linguistic groups in Papua New Guinea, Volume 1, Part 3: Madang, Basel: Wepf/University of Basel, Institute of Ethnology, 1995, x + 399 pp, 10 maps. - K. Tauchmann, Reimar Schefold, Minahasa past and present; Tradition and transition in an outer island region of Indonesia, Leiden: Research School CNWS, 1995, 128 pp. - Reinout Vos, Barbara Watson Andaya, To live as brothers; Southeast Sumatra in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries.},
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Rogier Busser, Peter Post, Japanse bedrijvigheid in Indonesië, 1868-1942; Structurele elementen van Japan’s vooroorlogse economische expansie in Zuidoost Azië. Proefschrift Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, 1991, xviii + 374 pp. - H.J.M. Claessen, Arne Aleksej Perminow, The long way home; Dilemmas of everyday life in a Tongan village. Oslo: Scandinavian University Press, 1993, 166 pp. - Aone van Engelenhoven, René van den Berg, Studies in Sulawesi linguistics III. Jakarta: Badan Penyelenggara Seri Nusa, Universitas Katolik Indonesia Atma Jaya, 1994, xii + 116 pp. [NUSA, Linguistic Studies of Indonesian and Other Languages in Indonesia 36.] - Will Derks, Wolfgang Marschall, Texts from the Islands; Oral and written traditions of Indonesia and the Malay world, (Procedings of the 7th European Colloquium on Indonesia and Malay Studies, Berne, June 1989) 1994, iii + 411 pp. [Ethnologica Bernensia 4]. - Michael Kaden, Krishna Sen, Indonesian Cinema; Framing the New Order, London: Zed Books, 1994, x + 188 pp. - Nico Kaptein, Mona Abaza, Indonesian Students in Cairo; Islamic education perceptions and exchanges, Paris: Association Archipel, 1994, 198 pp. [Cahier d’Archipel 23.] - P. Keppy, Chris Manning, Indonesia assessment 1993; Labour: Sharing in the benefits of growth? Canberra: Australian National University, 1993, xxi + 326 pp., Joan Hardjono (eds.) - Anke Niehof, Jan-Paul Dirkse, Development and social welfare; Indonesia’s experiences under the New Order, Leiden: KITLV Press, 1993, xi + 295 pp., Frans Hüsken, Mario Rutten (eds.) - Hetty Nooy-Palm, Michale C. Howard, Textiles of Southeast Asia; An annotated and illustrated bibliography. Bangkok: White Lotus, 1994, 212 pp. + 64 pp. pf photographs in colour. - Harry A. Poeze, Hans van Miert, Een koel hoofd en een warm hart; Nationalisme, Javanisme en jeugdbeweging in Nederlands-Indië, 1918-1930. Amsterdam: De Bataafsche Leeuw, 1995, 424 pp. - Ger P. Reesink, Jürg Wassmann, Historical atlas of ethnic and linguistic groups in Papua New Guinea, Volume 3, Part 4: New Britain; Part 5: New Ireland; Part 6: Bougainville, Basel: Wepf/University of Basel, Institute of Ethnology, 1995, ix + 185 pp, 30 maps. - Ger P. Reesink, Verena Keck, Historical atlas of ethnic and linguistic groups in Papua New Guinea, Volume 1, Part 3: Madang, Basel: Wepf/University of Basel, Institute of Ethnology, 1995, x + 399 pp, 10 maps. - K. Tauchmann, Reimar Schefold, Minahasa past and present; Tradition and transition in an outer island region of Indonesia, Leiden: Research School CNWS, 1995, 128 pp. - Reinout Vos, Barbara Watson Andaya, To live as brothers; Southeast Sumatra in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries.
2020
Andaya, Barbara Watson
Bringing the Gender History of Early Modern Southeast Asia into Global Conversations Book Chapter
In: pp. 319-334, 2020.
@inbook{Andaya2020,
title = {Bringing the Gender History of Early Modern Southeast Asia into Global Conversations},
author = {Barbara Watson Andaya},
doi = {10.1002/9781119535812.ch19},
year = {2020},
date = {2020-11-27},
pages = {319-334},
abstract = {Expanding interest in transgender history has encouraged comparative discussion that has drawn the Southeast Asian examples into global overviews. Tracking the extent to which widening global engagement interacted with local cultures to shape gender relations in Southeast Asia reminds us that “traditional” life was constantly evolving. It can be argued that local cultures displayed a resilience that allowed for selective adoption and adaptation and the localization of incoming influences. Much of this resilience can be tracked through an examination of gender roles in relation to religious change. Because of the value of women in the rituals and economy of Southeast Asian communities, the birth of a girl was rarely a disappointment. Increasingly, the more lucrative aspects of the pepper trade fell into male hands, both local and foreign, with women relegated to tasks such as weeding, sifting, and bagging.},
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Expanding interest in transgender history has encouraged comparative discussion that has drawn the Southeast Asian examples into global overviews. Tracking the extent to which widening global engagement interacted with local cultures to shape gender relations in Southeast Asia reminds us that “traditional” life was constantly evolving. It can be argued that local cultures displayed a resilience that allowed for selective adoption and adaptation and the localization of incoming influences. Much of this resilience can be tracked through an examination of gender roles in relation to religious change. Because of the value of women in the rituals and economy of Southeast Asian communities, the birth of a girl was rarely a disappointment. Increasingly, the more lucrative aspects of the pepper trade fell into male hands, both local and foreign, with women relegated to tasks such as weeding, sifting, and bagging.
Andaya, Barbara Watson
Rethinking the historical place of ‘warrior women’ in Southeast Asia Book Chapter
In: pp. 267-293, Routledge, 2020, ISBN: 9781315737829.
@inbook{Andaya2020b,
title = {Rethinking the historical place of ‘warrior women’ in Southeast Asia},
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urldate = {2020-01-07},
pages = {267-293},
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abstract = {This book brings together a wide range of case studies to explore the experiences and significance of women warriors in Southeast Asian history from ancient to contemporary times.
Using a number of sources, including royal chronicles, diaries, memoirs and interviews, the book discusses why women warriors were active in a domain traditionally preserved for men, and how they arguably transgressed peacetime gender boundaries as agents of violence. From multidisciplinary perspectives, the chapters assess what drove women to take on a variety of roles, namely palace guards, guerrillas and war leaders, and to what extent their experiences were different to those of men. The reader is taken on an almost 1,500-year long journey through a crossroads region well-known for the diversity of its peoples and cultures, but also their ability to creatively graft foreign ideas onto existing ones. The book also explores the re-integration of women into post-conflict Southeast Asian societies, including the impact (or lack thereof) of newly established international norms, and the frequent turn towards pre-conflict gender roles in these societies.
Written by an international team of scholars, this book will be of interest to academics working on Southeast Asian Studies, Gender Studies, low-intensity conflicts and revolutions, and War, Conflict, and Peace Studies.},
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This book brings together a wide range of case studies to explore the experiences and significance of women warriors in Southeast Asian history from ancient to contemporary times.
Using a number of sources, including royal chronicles, diaries, memoirs and interviews, the book discusses why women warriors were active in a domain traditionally preserved for men, and how they arguably transgressed peacetime gender boundaries as agents of violence. From multidisciplinary perspectives, the chapters assess what drove women to take on a variety of roles, namely palace guards, guerrillas and war leaders, and to what extent their experiences were different to those of men. The reader is taken on an almost 1,500-year long journey through a crossroads region well-known for the diversity of its peoples and cultures, but also their ability to creatively graft foreign ideas onto existing ones. The book also explores the re-integration of women into post-conflict Southeast Asian societies, including the impact (or lack thereof) of newly established international norms, and the frequent turn towards pre-conflict gender roles in these societies.
Written by an international team of scholars, this book will be of interest to academics working on Southeast Asian Studies, Gender Studies, low-intensity conflicts and revolutions, and War, Conflict, and Peace Studies.
Using a number of sources, including royal chronicles, diaries, memoirs and interviews, the book discusses why women warriors were active in a domain traditionally preserved for men, and how they arguably transgressed peacetime gender boundaries as agents of violence. From multidisciplinary perspectives, the chapters assess what drove women to take on a variety of roles, namely palace guards, guerrillas and war leaders, and to what extent their experiences were different to those of men. The reader is taken on an almost 1,500-year long journey through a crossroads region well-known for the diversity of its peoples and cultures, but also their ability to creatively graft foreign ideas onto existing ones. The book also explores the re-integration of women into post-conflict Southeast Asian societies, including the impact (or lack thereof) of newly established international norms, and the frequent turn towards pre-conflict gender roles in these societies.
Written by an international team of scholars, this book will be of interest to academics working on Southeast Asian Studies, Gender Studies, low-intensity conflicts and revolutions, and War, Conflict, and Peace Studies.
2019
Andaya, Barbara Watson
Contextualizing the Global Marketing Pentecostal/Charismatic Christianity in Malaysia and Indonesia Book Chapter
In: pp. 179-204, Amsterdam University Press, 2019, ISBN: 9789048531097.
@inbook{Andaya2019,
title = {Contextualizing the Global Marketing Pentecostal/Charismatic Christianity in Malaysia and Indonesia},
author = {Barbara Watson Andaya},
doi = {10.1515/9789048531097-011},
isbn = {9789048531097},
year = {2019},
date = {2019-12-31},
pages = {179-204},
publisher = {Amsterdam University Press},
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Andaya, Barbara Watson
1. Women and The Performance of Power In Early Modern Southeast Asia Book Chapter
In: pp. 22-44, University of California Press, 2019.
@inbook{Andaya2019b,
title = {1. Women and The Performance of Power In Early Modern Southeast Asia},
author = {Barbara Watson Andaya},
doi = {10.1525/9780520941519-005},
year = {2019},
date = {2019-12-31},
pages = {22-44},
publisher = { University of California Press},
abstract = {The ritual restatement of authority so necessary to the maintenance of kingship represents a common thread in Southeast Asian history. The phrase “theater state” effectively deployed by Clifford Geertz in relation to Bali is eminently applicable even in places where Europeans condescendingly equated the “king” to one of their own provincial mayors. Whether in these enhanced chiefdoms or in larger courts like those of Java or Burma, ceremonial life was “an assertion of spiritual power.” In this performance of power, women were indispensable, usually in supporting roles but at times as directors and lead actors. Notwithstanding regional differences in language, culture, and historical experience, “palace women” across Southeast Asia can be considered in terms of the enactment of royal status, which, by separating a ruler from his subjects, justified and maintained the rationale on which kingship rested. This chapter looks at women and the performance of power in early modern Southeast Asia. It discusses the purpose of royal polygyny, women's roles at royal courts and in the enactment of royal power, women's theatrical performances, and life cycle rituals.},
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The ritual restatement of authority so necessary to the maintenance of kingship represents a common thread in Southeast Asian history. The phrase “theater state” effectively deployed by Clifford Geertz in relation to Bali is eminently applicable even in places where Europeans condescendingly equated the “king” to one of their own provincial mayors. Whether in these enhanced chiefdoms or in larger courts like those of Java or Burma, ceremonial life was “an assertion of spiritual power.” In this performance of power, women were indispensable, usually in supporting roles but at times as directors and lead actors. Notwithstanding regional differences in language, culture, and historical experience, “palace women” across Southeast Asia can be considered in terms of the enactment of royal status, which, by separating a ruler from his subjects, justified and maintained the rationale on which kingship rested. This chapter looks at women and the performance of power in early modern Southeast Asia. It discusses the purpose of royal polygyny, women's roles at royal courts and in the enactment of royal power, women's theatrical performances, and life cycle rituals.
Andaya, Barbara Watson
One Crowded Moment of Glory: The Kinabalu Guerrillas and the 1943 Jesselton Uprising Journal Article
In: Journal of the Malaysian Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society, vol. 92, no. 2, pp. 157-160, 2019, ISBN: 978-967-488-086-6.
@article{Andaya2019bb,
title = {One Crowded Moment of Glory: The Kinabalu Guerrillas and the 1943 Jesselton Uprising},
author = {Barbara Watson Andaya},
doi = {10.1353/ras.2019.0020},
isbn = {978-967-488-086-6},
year = {2019},
date = {2019-01-01},
journal = {Journal of the Malaysian Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society},
volume = {92},
number = {2},
pages = {157-160},
abstract = {The Jesselton Uprising that was launched by the resistance movement known
as the Kinabalu Guerrillas against the Japanese Army on 9 October 1943 was
a momentous event that took place in the state of Sabah, Malaysia during the
Japanese occupation. The uprising left a lasting legacy in the memories of the
people of Sabah. It also influenced subsequent events in the state, as well as the
manner in which the past is recognised and remembered in Sabah and the
country. The revolt was one of the few anti-Japanese movements in Southeast
Asia led entirely by civilians in an occupied territory.The multi-ethnic nature of
the uprising is probably its most important legacy and for this reason the
Kinabalu Guerrillas and the rebellion were remembered and commemorated
first by the returning British colonial administration, and sustained after
independence. The Petagas War Memorial with the annual remembrance
ceremony on 21 January is the only war memorial in Malaysia that has been
continuously commemorated to honour the sacrifice of the resistance
movement since the war.},
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The Jesselton Uprising that was launched by the resistance movement known
as the Kinabalu Guerrillas against the Japanese Army on 9 October 1943 was
a momentous event that took place in the state of Sabah, Malaysia during the
Japanese occupation. The uprising left a lasting legacy in the memories of the
people of Sabah. It also influenced subsequent events in the state, as well as the
manner in which the past is recognised and remembered in Sabah and the
country. The revolt was one of the few anti-Japanese movements in Southeast
Asia led entirely by civilians in an occupied territory.The multi-ethnic nature of
the uprising is probably its most important legacy and for this reason the
Kinabalu Guerrillas and the rebellion were remembered and commemorated
first by the returning British colonial administration, and sustained after
independence. The Petagas War Memorial with the annual remembrance
ceremony on 21 January is the only war memorial in Malaysia that has been
continuously commemorated to honour the sacrifice of the resistance
movement since the war.
as the Kinabalu Guerrillas against the Japanese Army on 9 October 1943 was
a momentous event that took place in the state of Sabah, Malaysia during the
Japanese occupation. The uprising left a lasting legacy in the memories of the
people of Sabah. It also influenced subsequent events in the state, as well as the
manner in which the past is recognised and remembered in Sabah and the
country. The revolt was one of the few anti-Japanese movements in Southeast
Asia led entirely by civilians in an occupied territory.The multi-ethnic nature of
the uprising is probably its most important legacy and for this reason the
Kinabalu Guerrillas and the rebellion were remembered and commemorated
first by the returning British colonial administration, and sustained after
independence. The Petagas War Memorial with the annual remembrance
ceremony on 21 January is the only war memorial in Malaysia that has been
continuously commemorated to honour the sacrifice of the resistance
movement since the war.
2018
Andaya, Barbara Watson
Speaking to the Spirits:: Thinking Comparatively about Women in Asian Indigenous Beliefs Book Chapter
In: pp. 41-63, Barbara Budrich publishers, 2018, ISBN: 9783847421832.
@inbook{Andaya2018,
title = {Speaking to the Spirits:: Thinking Comparatively about Women in Asian Indigenous Beliefs},
author = {Barbara Watson Andaya},
doi = {10.2307/j.ctvddzn5f.4},
isbn = {9783847421832},
year = {2018},
date = {2018-10-29},
pages = {41-63},
publisher = {Barbara Budrich publishers},
abstract = {The prominence of Southeast Asian women in indigenous belief systems has long been considered one of the region’s defining features, but although recent studies on specific societies have helped to nuance this generalization, transregional comparisons are rare, especially in regard to the ritual role of senior women. Within the larger framework of “Asia” there has been little attempt to deploy the interplay between religion, gender and age as a means of crossing the area studies boundaries which academia has constructed and maintains. While focussing on Southeast Asia, this chapter takes note of the similarities and differences in the position of older women as spirit mediums in “Asia” more generally. It argues that across Asia post-menopausal women did (and often still do) play an important role in communicating with the spirit world, but that this role has been progressively undermined by the advance of world religions and official views of spirit veneration as “backward.” In comparative terms, however, Southeast Asia has retained many of the older attitudes that have allowed female spirit mediumship to survive and in some cases, to flourish. },
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The prominence of Southeast Asian women in indigenous belief systems has long been considered one of the region’s defining features, but although recent studies on specific societies have helped to nuance this generalization, transregional comparisons are rare, especially in regard to the ritual role of senior women. Within the larger framework of “Asia” there has been little attempt to deploy the interplay between religion, gender and age as a means of crossing the area studies boundaries which academia has constructed and maintains. While focussing on Southeast Asia, this chapter takes note of the similarities and differences in the position of older women as spirit mediums in “Asia” more generally. It argues that across Asia post-menopausal women did (and often still do) play an important role in communicating with the spirit world, but that this role has been progressively undermined by the advance of world religions and official views of spirit veneration as “backward.” In comparative terms, however, Southeast Asia has retained many of the older attitudes that have allowed female spirit mediumship to survive and in some cases, to flourish.
Andaya, Barbara Watson
Women, Globalization, and Religious Change in Southeast Asia Book Chapter
In: pp. 139-153, Routledge, 2018, ISBN: 9781315458458.
@inbook{Andaya2018b,
title = {Women, Globalization, and Religious Change in Southeast Asia},
author = {Barbara Watson Andaya},
doi = {10.4324/9781315458458-10},
isbn = {9781315458458},
year = {2018},
date = {2018-07-11},
pages = {139-153},
publisher = {Routledge},
abstract = {Southeast Asia consists of eleven countries, namely Myanmar, Thailand, Cambodia, Laos, Vietnam, Philippines, Malaysia, Singapore, Brunei, Indonesia, and Timor Leste. The sixteenth century is also important historiographically because the increase in written sources, both indigenous and European, greatly expands the opportunities for documenting the female experience in Southeast Asian societies. During the sixteenth century the circumnavigation of the globe and regular voyages across the Pacific linked Europe, the Americas, Asia, and Africa, initiating the far-reaching changes that mark the "first globalization" of world history. Although there are marked differences in language, religion, economies and political cultures, it has long been argued that gender relations in this region have traditionally been relatively favorable to women. Women were inevitably caught up in the complexity of the religious interaction. Perhaps paradoxically, global reaction to the rise of extremist Islam and the subjugation of women have led many observers to see more liberal attitudes toward gender as markers of "modernity and progress".},
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Southeast Asia consists of eleven countries, namely Myanmar, Thailand, Cambodia, Laos, Vietnam, Philippines, Malaysia, Singapore, Brunei, Indonesia, and Timor Leste. The sixteenth century is also important historiographically because the increase in written sources, both indigenous and European, greatly expands the opportunities for documenting the female experience in Southeast Asian societies. During the sixteenth century the circumnavigation of the globe and regular voyages across the Pacific linked Europe, the Americas, Asia, and Africa, initiating the far-reaching changes that mark the "first globalization" of world history. Although there are marked differences in language, religion, economies and political cultures, it has long been argued that gender relations in this region have traditionally been relatively favorable to women. Women were inevitably caught up in the complexity of the religious interaction. Perhaps paradoxically, global reaction to the rise of extremist Islam and the subjugation of women have led many observers to see more liberal attitudes toward gender as markers of "modernity and progress".
Andaya, Barbara Watson
Audible Pasts: History, Sound and Human Experience in Southeast Asia Journal Article
In: Kemanusiaan the Asian Journal of Humanities, vol. 25, no. 1, pp. 1-19, 2018.
@article{Andaya2018bb,
title = {Audible Pasts: History, Sound and Human Experience in Southeast Asia},
author = {Barbara Watson Andaya},
doi = {10.21315/kajh2018.25.s1.1},
year = {2018},
date = {2018-01-01},
journal = {Kemanusiaan the Asian Journal of Humanities},
volume = {25},
number = {1},
pages = {1-19},
abstract = {Although historians of traditional Southeast Asian cultures rely primarily on written sources, the societies they study were intensely oral and aural. Research on sound in Southeast Asia has focused on music and musicology, but historians are now considering the wide variety of noises to which people were exposed, and how the interpretations and understanding of these sounds shaped human experience. This article uses an 1899 court case in Singapore concerning a noisy neighbour as a departure point to consider some of the ways in which “noise” was heard in traditional Southeast Asian societies. Focusing on Singapore, it shows that European attitudes influenced the attitudes of the colonial administration towards loud noise, especially in the streets. By the late 19th century, the view that sleep was necessary for good health, and that noise interfered with sleep, was well established. The changing soundscape of Singapore in the early 20th century led to increasing middle class demands for government action to limit urban noise, although these were largely ineffective. The regulations and public campaigns introduced over the last 60 years still face the problem of intrusive noise, both in the public and private domain. The richness of the Singapore material, only some of which has been consulted for this paper, suggests that the Southeast Asian region has the potential to make a significant contribution to the field of sensory history.},
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Although historians of traditional Southeast Asian cultures rely primarily on written sources, the societies they study were intensely oral and aural. Research on sound in Southeast Asia has focused on music and musicology, but historians are now considering the wide variety of noises to which people were exposed, and how the interpretations and understanding of these sounds shaped human experience. This article uses an 1899 court case in Singapore concerning a noisy neighbour as a departure point to consider some of the ways in which “noise” was heard in traditional Southeast Asian societies. Focusing on Singapore, it shows that European attitudes influenced the attitudes of the colonial administration towards loud noise, especially in the streets. By the late 19th century, the view that sleep was necessary for good health, and that noise interfered with sleep, was well established. The changing soundscape of Singapore in the early 20th century led to increasing middle class demands for government action to limit urban noise, although these were largely ineffective. The regulations and public campaigns introduced over the last 60 years still face the problem of intrusive noise, both in the public and private domain. The richness of the Singapore material, only some of which has been consulted for this paper, suggests that the Southeast Asian region has the potential to make a significant contribution to the field of sensory history.
2017
Andaya, Barbara Watson
Seas, oceans and cosmologies in Southeast Asia Journal Article
In: Journal of Southeast Asian Studies, vol. 48, no. 03, pp. 349-371, 2017.
@article{Andaya2017,
title = {Seas, oceans and cosmologies in Southeast Asia},
author = {Barbara Watson Andaya},
doi = {10.1017/S0022463417000534},
year = {2017},
date = {2017-10-01},
journal = {Journal of Southeast Asian Studies},
volume = {48},
number = {03},
pages = {349-371},
abstract = {This article discusses the changing spirit world of maritime communities in Southeast Asia by differentiating ‘oceans’ from ‘seas’ and by linking historical evidence to modern anthropological studies. Since the lives of seagoing peoples are fraught with unpredictability, propitiation of local sea spirits was a traditional means of ensuring good fortune and protection. As long-distance voyages expanded in the early modern period, the global reach of the world religions, extending beyond familiar seas into the more extensive ocean environment, held out particular appeal. Not only were the gods, deities and saints attached to larger religious systems themselves ocean travellers; in contrast to the unpredictability of indigenous spirits, they were always amenable to requests for help, even when the suppliant was far from home waters. At the same time, as world religions were incorporated into indigenous cosmologies, maritime peoples gained greater agency in negotiating relationships with the local spirits that still wield power in Southeast Asian seas.},
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This article discusses the changing spirit world of maritime communities in Southeast Asia by differentiating ‘oceans’ from ‘seas’ and by linking historical evidence to modern anthropological studies. Since the lives of seagoing peoples are fraught with unpredictability, propitiation of local sea spirits was a traditional means of ensuring good fortune and protection. As long-distance voyages expanded in the early modern period, the global reach of the world religions, extending beyond familiar seas into the more extensive ocean environment, held out particular appeal. Not only were the gods, deities and saints attached to larger religious systems themselves ocean travellers; in contrast to the unpredictability of indigenous spirits, they were always amenable to requests for help, even when the suppliant was far from home waters. At the same time, as world religions were incorporated into indigenous cosmologies, maritime peoples gained greater agency in negotiating relationships with the local spirits that still wield power in Southeast Asian seas.
Andaya, Barbara Watson
Rulers, Regimes and Cross-Cultural Comparisons Journal Article
In: The Court Historian , vol. 22, no. 2, pp. 214-217, 2017.
@article{Andaya2017b,
title = {Rulers, Regimes and Cross-Cultural Comparisons},
author = {Barbara Watson Andaya},
doi = {10.1080/14629712.2017.1389191},
year = {2017},
date = {2017-07-03},
journal = {The Court Historian },
volume = {22},
number = {2},
pages = {214-217},
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Andaya, Barbara Watson
Editorial – networks and individuals in international organizations Journal Article
In: Journal of Global History, vol. 12, no. 01, pp. 1-3, 2017.
@article{Andaya2017bb,
title = {Editorial – networks and individuals in international organizations},
author = {Barbara Watson Andaya},
doi = {10.1017/S1740022816000309},
year = {2017},
date = {2017-03-01},
journal = {Journal of Global History},
volume = {12},
number = {01},
pages = {1-3},
abstract = {The Journal of Global History aims to be the leading scholarly outlet for comparative and connective accounts of world historical significance. JGH publishes articles that examine structures, processes and theories of global change, inequality and stability, as well as articles focusing on smaller scales that are in keeping with, or transcend, the boundaries of historical polities or environments. JGH particularly values creativity and originality in approaches to global history, as well as debates on the theories, methods and evidence underpinning major historical narratives.},
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The Journal of Global History aims to be the leading scholarly outlet for comparative and connective accounts of world historical significance. JGH publishes articles that examine structures, processes and theories of global change, inequality and stability, as well as articles focusing on smaller scales that are in keeping with, or transcend, the boundaries of historical polities or environments. JGH particularly values creativity and originality in approaches to global history, as well as debates on the theories, methods and evidence underpinning major historical narratives.
Andaya, Barbara Watson
Glocalization and the Marketing of Christianity in Early Modern Southeast Asia1 Journal Article
In: Religions, vol. 8, no. 1, pp. 7, 2017.
@article{Andaya2017bb,
title = {Glocalization and the Marketing of Christianity in Early Modern Southeast Asia1},
author = {Barbara Watson Andaya},
doi = {10.3390/rel8010007},
year = {2017},
date = {2017-01-10},
journal = {Religions},
volume = {8},
number = {1},
pages = {7},
abstract = {The expansion of European commercial interests into Southeast Asia during the early modern period was commonly justified by the biblical injunction to spread Christian teachings, and by the “civilizing” influences it was said to foster. In focusing on areas where Christianity gained a foothold or, in the Philippines and Timor Leste, became the dominant faith, this article invokes the marketing concept of “glocalization”, frequently applied to the sociology of religion. It argues that the historical beginnings of the processes associated with the global/local interface of Christianity are situated in the sixteenth century, when Europe, Asia and the Americas were finally linked through maritime connections. Christian missionizing was undertaken with the assumption that the European-based “brand” of beliefs and practices could be successfully transported to a very different environment. However, the application of these ideas was complicated by the goal of imposing European economic control, by the local resistance thus generated, and by competition with other religions and among Christians themselves. In this often antagonistic environment, the degree to which a global product could be “repackaged” and “glocalized” so that it was appealing to consumers in different cultural environments was always constrained, even among the most sympathetic purveyors. As a result, the glocalization of Christianity set up “power-laden tensions” which both global institutions and dispersed consumers continue to negotiate.},
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The expansion of European commercial interests into Southeast Asia during the early modern period was commonly justified by the biblical injunction to spread Christian teachings, and by the “civilizing” influences it was said to foster. In focusing on areas where Christianity gained a foothold or, in the Philippines and Timor Leste, became the dominant faith, this article invokes the marketing concept of “glocalization”, frequently applied to the sociology of religion. It argues that the historical beginnings of the processes associated with the global/local interface of Christianity are situated in the sixteenth century, when Europe, Asia and the Americas were finally linked through maritime connections. Christian missionizing was undertaken with the assumption that the European-based “brand” of beliefs and practices could be successfully transported to a very different environment. However, the application of these ideas was complicated by the goal of imposing European economic control, by the local resistance thus generated, and by competition with other religions and among Christians themselves. In this often antagonistic environment, the degree to which a global product could be “repackaged” and “glocalized” so that it was appealing to consumers in different cultural environments was always constrained, even among the most sympathetic purveyors. As a result, the glocalization of Christianity set up “power-laden tensions” which both global institutions and dispersed consumers continue to negotiate.
2016
Andaya, Barbara Watson; Jory, Patrick
Studies in Thai and Southeast Asian Histories by Charnvit Kasetsiri Journal Article
In: Journal of Social Issues in Southeast Asia, vol. 31, no. 2, pp. 622-624, 2016, ISBN: 9786167202656.
@article{Andaya2016,
title = {Studies in Thai and Southeast Asian Histories by Charnvit Kasetsiri},
author = {Barbara Watson Andaya and Patrick Jory},
doi = {10.1355/sj31-2g},
isbn = {9786167202656},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-07-30},
journal = {Journal of Social Issues in Southeast Asia},
volume = {31},
number = {2},
pages = {622-624},
abstract = {Thai and Southeast Asian Studies Thai Historiography from Ancient Times to the Modern Period Preliminary on Thai Historiography Siam/CivilizationThailand/Globalization Part I: Thai and Southeast Asian Studies Thai Historiography from Ancient Times to the Modern Period Preliminary on Thai Historiography Siam/Civilization—Thailand/Globalization:Things to Come? De L’ancien Regime Au Nouveau Regime Overview of Research and Studies on Southeast Asia in Thailand : “Where do we come from? Who are we? Where are we going?” Southeast Asian Studies in Thailand The Kingdom of Ayutthaya (1351-1767 AD) Origins of a Capital and Seaport: The Early Settlement of Ayutthaya and Its East Asian Trade Buddhism and Political Integration in Early Ayuttaya: 1351-1448 Zheng He-Sam Po Kong: History and Myth in Thailand Is’ Thai Studies still Possible? From Dynastic to National History : A Siam/Thailand Case Part II : From Siam to Thailand The Front Palace : The Office of the Heir Apparent? The First Phibun Government and Its Involvement in World War II Each Generation of Elites in Thai History 14 October 1973 From Siam to Thailand Part III: Siam and Indonesia A Nineteenth-Century Siamese Account of Bali with Introduction and Notes The Kingdom of Ayutthaya and Its Founder: King Uthong and Feasibility for Comparative Studies with Majapahit Dari Siam Ke Nusantara The Construction of National Heroes and /or Heroines Part IV : Siam and CVMV Thai-Burmese-Lao-Cambodian Border: A Survey Report Thailand-Combodia: A Love-Hate Relationship The Future of Monarchy in Cambodia Will the Mekong Survive Globalization?},
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Thai and Southeast Asian Studies Thai Historiography from Ancient Times to the Modern Period Preliminary on Thai Historiography Siam/CivilizationThailand/Globalization Part I: Thai and Southeast Asian Studies Thai Historiography from Ancient Times to the Modern Period Preliminary on Thai Historiography Siam/Civilization—Thailand/Globalization:Things to Come? De L’ancien Regime Au Nouveau Regime Overview of Research and Studies on Southeast Asia in Thailand : “Where do we come from? Who are we? Where are we going?” Southeast Asian Studies in Thailand The Kingdom of Ayutthaya (1351-1767 AD) Origins of a Capital and Seaport: The Early Settlement of Ayutthaya and Its East Asian Trade Buddhism and Political Integration in Early Ayuttaya: 1351-1448 Zheng He-Sam Po Kong: History and Myth in Thailand Is’ Thai Studies still Possible? From Dynastic to National History : A Siam/Thailand Case Part II : From Siam to Thailand The Front Palace : The Office of the Heir Apparent? The First Phibun Government and Its Involvement in World War II Each Generation of Elites in Thai History 14 October 1973 From Siam to Thailand Part III: Siam and Indonesia A Nineteenth-Century Siamese Account of Bali with Introduction and Notes The Kingdom of Ayutthaya and Its Founder: King Uthong and Feasibility for Comparative Studies with Majapahit Dari Siam Ke Nusantara The Construction of National Heroes and /or Heroines Part IV : Siam and CVMV Thai-Burmese-Lao-Cambodian Border: A Survey Report Thailand-Combodia: A Love-Hate Relationship The Future of Monarchy in Cambodia Will the Mekong Survive Globalization?
Andaya, Barbara Watson
Rivers, Oceans, and Spirits: Water Cosmologies, Gender, and Religious Change in Southeast Asia – ERRATUM Journal Article
In: TRaNS Trans -Regional and -National Studies of Southeast Asia, vol. 1, no. 2, pp. 1, 2016, ISBN: 2051-3658.
@article{Andaya2016b,
title = {Rivers, Oceans, and Spirits: Water Cosmologies, Gender, and Religious Change in Southeast Asia – ERRATUM},
author = {Barbara Watson Andaya},
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isbn = { 2051-3658},
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date = {2016-06-23},
journal = {TRaNS Trans -Regional and -National Studies of Southeast Asia},
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abstract = {TRaNS approaches the study of Southeast Asia by looking at the region as a place that is defined by its diverse and rapidly-changing social context, and as a place that challenges scholars to move beyond conventional ideas of borders and boundedness. TRaNS invites studies of broadly defined trans-national, trans-regional and comparative perspectives. Case studies spanning more than two countries of Southeast Asia and its neighbouring countries/regions are particularly welcomed.},
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TRaNS approaches the study of Southeast Asia by looking at the region as a place that is defined by its diverse and rapidly-changing social context, and as a place that challenges scholars to move beyond conventional ideas of borders and boundedness. TRaNS invites studies of broadly defined trans-national, trans-regional and comparative perspectives. Case studies spanning more than two countries of Southeast Asia and its neighbouring countries/regions are particularly welcomed.
Andaya, Barbara Watson; Andaya, Leonard Y.; Tarling, Nicholas
A History of Early Modern Southeast Asia, 1400–1830 Journal Article
In: Journal of Social Issues in Southeast Asia, vol. 31, no. 1, pp. 321-324, 2016.
@article{Andaya2016bb,
title = {A History of Early Modern Southeast Asia, 1400–1830},
author = {Barbara Watson Andaya and Leonard Y. Andaya and Nicholas Tarling},
doi = {10.1355/sj31-1i},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-03-31},
journal = {Journal of Social Issues in Southeast Asia},
volume = {31},
number = {1},
pages = {321-324},
abstract = {From the back cover Written by two experienced teachers with a long history of research this textbook provides students with a detailed overview of developments in ealry modern Southeast Asia, when the region became tightly integrated into the world economy because of international demand for its unique forest and sea products.},
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From the back cover Written by two experienced teachers with a long history of research this textbook provides students with a detailed overview of developments in ealry modern Southeast Asia, when the region became tightly integrated into the world economy because of international demand for its unique forest and sea products.
Andaya, Barbara Watson
Malaysia’s Original People: Past, Present and Future of the Orang Asli ed. by Kirk Endicott Journal Article
In: Journal of the Malaysian Branch of the Royal Asiatic, vol. 89, no. 2, pp. 152-155, 2016.
@article{Andaya2016bb,
title = {Malaysia’s Original People: Past, Present and Future of the Orang Asli ed. by Kirk Endicott},
author = {Barbara Watson Andaya},
doi = {10.1353/ras.2016.0034},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-01-01},
journal = {Journal of the Malaysian Branch of the Royal Asiatic},
volume = {89},
number = {2},
pages = {152-155},
abstract = {The Malay-language term used for indigenous minority peoples of Peninsular Malaysia, Orang Asli, covers at least 19 culturally and linguistically distinct subgroups. Until about 1960 most Orang Asli lived in small camps and villages in the coastal and interior forests, or in isolated rural areas, and made their living by various combinations of hunting, gathering, fishing, agriculture, and trading forest products. By the end of the century, logging, economic development projects such as oil palm plantations, and resettlement programmes have displaced many Orang Asli communities and disrupted long-established social and cultural practices.
The chapters in the present volume provide a comprehensive survey of current understandings of Malaysia's Orang Asli communities, covering their origins and history, cultural similarities and differences, and they ways they are responding to the challenges posed by a rapidly changing world. The authors, a distinguished group of Malaysian (including Orang Asli) and international scholars with expertise in anthropology, archaeology, biology, education, therapy, geography and law, also show the importance of Orang Asli studies for the anthropological understanding of small-scale indigenous societies in general.},
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The Malay-language term used for indigenous minority peoples of Peninsular Malaysia, Orang Asli, covers at least 19 culturally and linguistically distinct subgroups. Until about 1960 most Orang Asli lived in small camps and villages in the coastal and interior forests, or in isolated rural areas, and made their living by various combinations of hunting, gathering, fishing, agriculture, and trading forest products. By the end of the century, logging, economic development projects such as oil palm plantations, and resettlement programmes have displaced many Orang Asli communities and disrupted long-established social and cultural practices.
The chapters in the present volume provide a comprehensive survey of current understandings of Malaysia's Orang Asli communities, covering their origins and history, cultural similarities and differences, and they ways they are responding to the challenges posed by a rapidly changing world. The authors, a distinguished group of Malaysian (including Orang Asli) and international scholars with expertise in anthropology, archaeology, biology, education, therapy, geography and law, also show the importance of Orang Asli studies for the anthropological understanding of small-scale indigenous societies in general.
The chapters in the present volume provide a comprehensive survey of current understandings of Malaysia's Orang Asli communities, covering their origins and history, cultural similarities and differences, and they ways they are responding to the challenges posed by a rapidly changing world. The authors, a distinguished group of Malaysian (including Orang Asli) and international scholars with expertise in anthropology, archaeology, biology, education, therapy, geography and law, also show the importance of Orang Asli studies for the anthropological understanding of small-scale indigenous societies in general.
Andaya, Barbara Watson
The Bible and Asia: From the Pre-Christian Era to the Postcolonial Age by R. S. Sugirtharajah Journal Article
In: Journal of World History, vol. 26, no. 3, pp. 652-655, 2016.
@article{Andaya2016bb,
title = {The Bible and Asia: From the Pre-Christian Era to the Postcolonial Age by R. S. Sugirtharajah},
author = {Barbara Watson Andaya},
doi = {10.1353/jwh.2015.0022},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-01-01},
journal = {Journal of World History},
volume = {26},
number = {3},
pages = {652-655},
abstract = {The study of Christianity outside Europe has typically been treated as a movement from West to East, with the peoples of Asia as recipients rather than agents. The Bible and Asia by the biblical scholar R. S. Sugirtharajah is therefore a welcome corrective. In countering Western dominance of biblical hermeneutics, he tracks the various ways in which Asian and European individuals have read the Bible and the cross-cultural conversations generated by Asian interrogation of Christian scriptures. Following a brief introduction, the book is divided into seven semiindependent chapters. In the first Sugirtharajah highlights an often neglected aspect of the Bible: the references to localities, goods, animals, and plants that can lie only in Asia. Although he acknowledges that the depth of ancient connections remains speculative, trading connections meant the exchange of ideas and cross-fertilizing influences, especially with India. However, early Christian writings did not view Asia and Asians sympathetically, and the Acts of Thomas (omitted from the New Testament) saw India—idolatrous, poor, and intolerant—as ripe for evangelism. Chapter 2 introduces us to two men, John Holwell (1711–1798), a surgeon and employee of the East India Company, and Louis Jacolliot (1837–1890), a judge in the French East Indies. They were convinced that traces of Vedic texts were present in the Old Testament, and that even the depiction of Christ revealed links to Hindu deities. They thus disagreed with other European commentators, who contended that Indian religions were derived from biblical traditions. In Sugirtharajah’s opinion, however, the two men were fundamentally Orientalist in outlook. [End Page 652] Despite their conviction that Christians should look beyond the Semitic heritage, they were preoccupied with the stereotype of a “pure” Indian religious past that in their view had been degraded by Brahmin priests. Chapter 3 analyzes Asian interpretations of the Bible as exemplified by the Hindu reformer Raja Rammohan Roy (1772–1833), the Chinese Taiping leader Hong Xiuquan (1814–1864), and the Indian economist and nationalist J. C. Kumarappa (1892–1960). Roy sought to extract from “doctrinal entanglements” the essential ethics of Christian teaching, but his rejection of the concept of the Trinity generated missionary antagonism. Hong Xiuquan fared better, even though he claimed to be a younger brother of Jesus, primarily because of his monotheistic belief in a “true God.” By tapping biblical scriptures, he could both justify opposition to the Manchus and validate his new Heavenly Kingdom on earth. Nearly a century later Kumarappa, a highly educated Christian, understood the Gospel message as supportive of Indian aspirations and implicitly critical of British colonialism—a position that predictably aroused the ire of the church hierarchy. As Sugirtharajah points out, all three men envisaged the Bible as a spiritual tool for Asian peoples, but they read the scriptures selectively in relation to their own goals and interests. Chapter 4 concentrates on a single individual, the Sinhalese nationalist Anagarika Dharmapala (1864–1933), who dismissed the Bible as a mythical, irrelevant, and misleading text, unsuited to Asian societies. Although he roundly denounced colonialism’s missionary allies, he also maintained that a drastically revised version could bring biblical teachings closer to Buddhist ideals. Nonetheless, Sugirtharajah reminds readers that the nationalist Buddhism Dharmapala promoted left little space for cooperation with Sri Lanka’s Hindus and Muslims. The departure point for chapter 5 is Paul’s dominance in the evolution of Christian theology in the West. In Asia, by contrast, Paul has received much less attention. For colonial missionaries his loyalty to Rome and his evangelism among both Jews and Gentiles paralleled their own goals, especially in India; Asian converts were attracted by Paul’s direct experience of a risen Christ, while some Japanese felt that Paul embodied the values associated with samurai culture. Conversely, Asian feminists deplored his misogynist attitudes, while for others his insistence on social hierarchies and his allegiance to Rome provided implicit support for colonialism and the imperialist project. In Christian thinking, Sugirtharajah concludes, the “real” Paul will remain enigmatic.},
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The study of Christianity outside Europe has typically been treated as a movement from West to East, with the peoples of Asia as recipients rather than agents. The Bible and Asia by the biblical scholar R. S. Sugirtharajah is therefore a welcome corrective. In countering Western dominance of biblical hermeneutics, he tracks the various ways in which Asian and European individuals have read the Bible and the cross-cultural conversations generated by Asian interrogation of Christian scriptures. Following a brief introduction, the book is divided into seven semiindependent chapters. In the first Sugirtharajah highlights an often neglected aspect of the Bible: the references to localities, goods, animals, and plants that can lie only in Asia. Although he acknowledges that the depth of ancient connections remains speculative, trading connections meant the exchange of ideas and cross-fertilizing influences, especially with India. However, early Christian writings did not view Asia and Asians sympathetically, and the Acts of Thomas (omitted from the New Testament) saw India—idolatrous, poor, and intolerant—as ripe for evangelism. Chapter 2 introduces us to two men, John Holwell (1711–1798), a surgeon and employee of the East India Company, and Louis Jacolliot (1837–1890), a judge in the French East Indies. They were convinced that traces of Vedic texts were present in the Old Testament, and that even the depiction of Christ revealed links to Hindu deities. They thus disagreed with other European commentators, who contended that Indian religions were derived from biblical traditions. In Sugirtharajah’s opinion, however, the two men were fundamentally Orientalist in outlook. [End Page 652] Despite their conviction that Christians should look beyond the Semitic heritage, they were preoccupied with the stereotype of a “pure” Indian religious past that in their view had been degraded by Brahmin priests. Chapter 3 analyzes Asian interpretations of the Bible as exemplified by the Hindu reformer Raja Rammohan Roy (1772–1833), the Chinese Taiping leader Hong Xiuquan (1814–1864), and the Indian economist and nationalist J. C. Kumarappa (1892–1960). Roy sought to extract from “doctrinal entanglements” the essential ethics of Christian teaching, but his rejection of the concept of the Trinity generated missionary antagonism. Hong Xiuquan fared better, even though he claimed to be a younger brother of Jesus, primarily because of his monotheistic belief in a “true God.” By tapping biblical scriptures, he could both justify opposition to the Manchus and validate his new Heavenly Kingdom on earth. Nearly a century later Kumarappa, a highly educated Christian, understood the Gospel message as supportive of Indian aspirations and implicitly critical of British colonialism—a position that predictably aroused the ire of the church hierarchy. As Sugirtharajah points out, all three men envisaged the Bible as a spiritual tool for Asian peoples, but they read the scriptures selectively in relation to their own goals and interests. Chapter 4 concentrates on a single individual, the Sinhalese nationalist Anagarika Dharmapala (1864–1933), who dismissed the Bible as a mythical, irrelevant, and misleading text, unsuited to Asian societies. Although he roundly denounced colonialism’s missionary allies, he also maintained that a drastically revised version could bring biblical teachings closer to Buddhist ideals. Nonetheless, Sugirtharajah reminds readers that the nationalist Buddhism Dharmapala promoted left little space for cooperation with Sri Lanka’s Hindus and Muslims. The departure point for chapter 5 is Paul’s dominance in the evolution of Christian theology in the West. In Asia, by contrast, Paul has received much less attention. For colonial missionaries his loyalty to Rome and his evangelism among both Jews and Gentiles paralleled their own goals, especially in India; Asian converts were attracted by Paul’s direct experience of a risen Christ, while some Japanese felt that Paul embodied the values associated with samurai culture. Conversely, Asian feminists deplored his misogynist attitudes, while for others his insistence on social hierarchies and his allegiance to Rome provided implicit support for colonialism and the imperialist project. In Christian thinking, Sugirtharajah concludes, the “real” Paul will remain enigmatic.
2015
Andaya, Barbara Watson; Andaya, Leonard Y.
A History of Early Modern Southeast Asia, 1400–1830 Book
Cambridge University Press, 2015, ISBN: 9781139051323.
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publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
abstract = {Written by two experienced teachers with a long history of research, this textbook provides students with a detailed overview of developments in early modern Southeast Asia, when the region became tightly integrated into the world economy because of international demand for its unique forest and sea products. Proceeding chronologically, each chapter covers a specific time frame in which Southeast Asia is located in a global context. A discussion of general features that distinguish the period under discussion is followed by a detailed account of the various sub-regions. Students will be shown the ways in which local societies adapted to new religious and political ideas and responded to far-reaching economic changes. Particular attention is given to lesser-known societies that inhabited the seas, the forests, and the uplands, and to the role of the geographical environment in shaping the region's history. The authoritative yet accessible narrative features maps, illustrations, and timelines to support student learning. A major contribution to the field, this text is essential reading for students and specialists in Asian studies and early modern world history.},
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Written by two experienced teachers with a long history of research, this textbook provides students with a detailed overview of developments in early modern Southeast Asia, when the region became tightly integrated into the world economy because of international demand for its unique forest and sea products. Proceeding chronologically, each chapter covers a specific time frame in which Southeast Asia is located in a global context. A discussion of general features that distinguish the period under discussion is followed by a detailed account of the various sub-regions. Students will be shown the ways in which local societies adapted to new religious and political ideas and responded to far-reaching economic changes. Particular attention is given to lesser-known societies that inhabited the seas, the forests, and the uplands, and to the role of the geographical environment in shaping the region's history. The authoritative yet accessible narrative features maps, illustrations, and timelines to support student learning. A major contribution to the field, this text is essential reading for students and specialists in Asian studies and early modern world history.
Andaya, Barbara Watson
The Chulia in Penang: Patronage and Place-Making around the Kapitan Kling Mosque 1786–1957 by Khoo Salma Nasution Journal Article
In: Journal of the Malaysian Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society, vol. 88, pp. 131-133, 2015.
@article{Andaya2015b,
title = {The Chulia in Penang: Patronage and Place-Making around the Kapitan Kling Mosque 1786–1957 by Khoo Salma Nasution},
author = {Barbara Watson Andaya},
doi = {10.1353/ras.2015.0005},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
journal = {Journal of the Malaysian Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society},
volume = {88},
pages = {131-133},
abstract = {It is very hard in this short review to do justice to the years of meticulous research and the personal commitment that will make The Chulia in Penang required reading not only for Penang specialists but for those working on Malaysia, British imperialism, and Indian diasporas more generally. Anchored by the history of the Kapitan Kling Mosque, the narrative traces the fortunes of Penang’s Tamil Muslim community in over 500 richly illustrated pages, from 1786 until the declaration of Malaya’s independence in 1957. The material is organized in six parts, each subdivided into chapters. Part One discusses the long-standing role of the Chulias in maritime trade, their position as Muslims in India, and early Chulia settlement in Penang, introducing readers to the Kapitan Kling mosque and the Chulia ‘captain’, Cauder Mohuddeen. The second part concentrates on the first half of the nineteenth century, using case studies to track the evolution of a new ‘Jawi Pekan’ identity as Chulia men married local women. Part Three begins with the British Government’s assumption of authority over former East India Company possessions in 1867. The management of Muslim endowments—buildings, lands and institutions—became progressively more subject to British oversight, with inevitable controversies and compromises. The fourth part highlights Chulia involvement in Islamic reformist movements and the Muhammadan Advisory Board, while the outbreak of World War and associated anti-colonialism drew some Chulia towards Pan-Islam and Indian nationalism. Part Five focuses on Chulia business activities, especially in relation to trade and shipping, where Tamil Muslim specialization was everywhere evident. A final section deals with the Penang experience during in the Second World War. The book concludes with a discussion of the new questions faced by Chulia descendants, initially uneasily positioned between the demands of their Indian heritage and their allegiance to independent Malaya in 1957, but for the most part successfully adjusting to the new order. Testifying to years of committed digging, the detail presented here could only have been amassed by a true Penangite who knows where to look for sources, for maps, for photographs, for paintings, for informants, and who has the tenacity to follow up every possible lead. It has also opened up avenues for further research, especially for those who can read Tamil, such as Chulia relations with the Nattukottai Chettiar, the powerful Indian financier caste. Of course, organizing this wide-ranging body information posed challenges, and the chapter divisions in some of the six parts cohere better than others. A degree of overlap was probably inevitable, so that there is some repetition of names of locations, events and individuals, but the index is a useful tool for researchers tracking a particular topic. The text is clear and eminently accessible, carefully referenced, with all the necessary explanatory notes. The illustrations, from private collections, archives and family albums, represent an unparalleled depository of visual sources on Penang, with captions that help identify people and places. Urban renewal in the 1920s and early 1930s transformed much of the waqf areas, as old areas were razed and communities displaced, while the destruction of buildings by Allied bombs during the Second World War makes the photographs of buildings that are no longer extant all the more valuable. The thoughtful foreword by Professor Rajeswary Ampalavanar Brown combines scholarship and readability, setting the tone for the entire book. Produced with the assistance of Think City, the price is extremely reasonable for such an encyclopedic volume, and Areca Books should be congratulated for a superb production overall. One of the ‘take-aways’ from this book is obviously the Chulia contribution to Penang’s economy and its cosmopolitan culture. Their connections with India and the surrounding region helped make Penang a global pathway, the crossroads for incoming ideas, especially in regard to Islam, but also in many other aspects, from mamak cuisine to popular entertainment like the Boria or Bangsawan. At the same time, the Chulia community developed a strong sense of local identity, much of which can be attributed to Cauder Mohuddeen, his descendants and their families.},
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It is very hard in this short review to do justice to the years of meticulous research and the personal commitment that will make The Chulia in Penang required reading not only for Penang specialists but for those working on Malaysia, British imperialism, and Indian diasporas more generally. Anchored by the history of the Kapitan Kling Mosque, the narrative traces the fortunes of Penang’s Tamil Muslim community in over 500 richly illustrated pages, from 1786 until the declaration of Malaya’s independence in 1957. The material is organized in six parts, each subdivided into chapters. Part One discusses the long-standing role of the Chulias in maritime trade, their position as Muslims in India, and early Chulia settlement in Penang, introducing readers to the Kapitan Kling mosque and the Chulia ‘captain’, Cauder Mohuddeen. The second part concentrates on the first half of the nineteenth century, using case studies to track the evolution of a new ‘Jawi Pekan’ identity as Chulia men married local women. Part Three begins with the British Government’s assumption of authority over former East India Company possessions in 1867. The management of Muslim endowments—buildings, lands and institutions—became progressively more subject to British oversight, with inevitable controversies and compromises. The fourth part highlights Chulia involvement in Islamic reformist movements and the Muhammadan Advisory Board, while the outbreak of World War and associated anti-colonialism drew some Chulia towards Pan-Islam and Indian nationalism. Part Five focuses on Chulia business activities, especially in relation to trade and shipping, where Tamil Muslim specialization was everywhere evident. A final section deals with the Penang experience during in the Second World War. The book concludes with a discussion of the new questions faced by Chulia descendants, initially uneasily positioned between the demands of their Indian heritage and their allegiance to independent Malaya in 1957, but for the most part successfully adjusting to the new order. Testifying to years of committed digging, the detail presented here could only have been amassed by a true Penangite who knows where to look for sources, for maps, for photographs, for paintings, for informants, and who has the tenacity to follow up every possible lead. It has also opened up avenues for further research, especially for those who can read Tamil, such as Chulia relations with the Nattukottai Chettiar, the powerful Indian financier caste. Of course, organizing this wide-ranging body information posed challenges, and the chapter divisions in some of the six parts cohere better than others. A degree of overlap was probably inevitable, so that there is some repetition of names of locations, events and individuals, but the index is a useful tool for researchers tracking a particular topic. The text is clear and eminently accessible, carefully referenced, with all the necessary explanatory notes. The illustrations, from private collections, archives and family albums, represent an unparalleled depository of visual sources on Penang, with captions that help identify people and places. Urban renewal in the 1920s and early 1930s transformed much of the waqf areas, as old areas were razed and communities displaced, while the destruction of buildings by Allied bombs during the Second World War makes the photographs of buildings that are no longer extant all the more valuable. The thoughtful foreword by Professor Rajeswary Ampalavanar Brown combines scholarship and readability, setting the tone for the entire book. Produced with the assistance of Think City, the price is extremely reasonable for such an encyclopedic volume, and Areca Books should be congratulated for a superb production overall. One of the ‘take-aways’ from this book is obviously the Chulia contribution to Penang’s economy and its cosmopolitan culture. Their connections with India and the surrounding region helped make Penang a global pathway, the crossroads for incoming ideas, especially in regard to Islam, but also in many other aspects, from mamak cuisine to popular entertainment like the Boria or Bangsawan. At the same time, the Chulia community developed a strong sense of local identity, much of which can be attributed to Cauder Mohuddeen, his descendants and their families.
2014
Andaya, Barbara Watson
Gathering ‘Knowledge’ in the Bay of Bengal: The Letters of John Adolphus Pope, 1785–1788 Journal Article
In: Journal of the Malaysian Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society, vol. 87, no. 2 (307), pp. 1-19, 2014.
@article{Andaya2014b,
title = {Gathering ‘Knowledge’ in the Bay of Bengal: The Letters of John Adolphus Pope, 1785–1788},
author = {Barbara Watson Andaya},
doi = {10.1353/ras.2014.0013},
year = {2014},
date = {2014-12-01},
journal = {Journal of the Malaysian Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society},
volume = {87},
number = {2 (307)},
pages = {1-19},
abstract = {In 1992 the poet and independent researcher Anne Bulley published the letters of a youth named John Adolphus Pope who at the age of fourteen became Third Officer on an English country ship, the Princess Royal. These letters have been little used by historians of Southeast Asia, but they are an extraordinarily rich source for this period. On his arrival in India Pope was recruited by the Orientalist Sir William Jones to collect information and specimens of places he visited. Beginning in December 1785 and ending in September 1788, his letters to his friend George provide a personal view of trading operations in ports stretching from Madras, Kolkata and Mumbai to Rangoon (Yangon), Aceh, Penang, Kedah and ultimately China. Drawing on the books available to him, the information supplied by fellow country traders, his own observations and particularly the material supplied by local informants, Pope’s letters offer intriguing insights into the ways in which a younger mind determined the kind of knowledge that was useful and worthy of transmittal. Written at a time when British ascendancy was an ambition rather than an actuality, his opinions and attitudes highlight an environment where competition could reinforce European bigotry and prejudice, but where the need for commercial co-operation could also foster genuine cross-cultural communication.},
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In 1992 the poet and independent researcher Anne Bulley published the letters of a youth named John Adolphus Pope who at the age of fourteen became Third Officer on an English country ship, the Princess Royal. These letters have been little used by historians of Southeast Asia, but they are an extraordinarily rich source for this period. On his arrival in India Pope was recruited by the Orientalist Sir William Jones to collect information and specimens of places he visited. Beginning in December 1785 and ending in September 1788, his letters to his friend George provide a personal view of trading operations in ports stretching from Madras, Kolkata and Mumbai to Rangoon (Yangon), Aceh, Penang, Kedah and ultimately China. Drawing on the books available to him, the information supplied by fellow country traders, his own observations and particularly the material supplied by local informants, Pope’s letters offer intriguing insights into the ways in which a younger mind determined the kind of knowledge that was useful and worthy of transmittal. Written at a time when British ascendancy was an ambition rather than an actuality, his opinions and attitudes highlight an environment where competition could reinforce European bigotry and prejudice, but where the need for commercial co-operation could also foster genuine cross-cultural communication.
Andaya, Barbara Watson
Historical Perspectives on Prostitution in Early Modern Southeast Asia Journal Article
In: Antropologi Indonesia, 2014.
@article{Andaya2014,
title = {Historical Perspectives on Prostitution in Early Modern Southeast Asia},
author = {Barbara Watson Andaya},
doi = {10.7454/ai.v0i66.3423},
year = {2014},
date = {2014-07-22},
journal = {Antropologi Indonesia},
abstract = {Kajian-kajian tentang pelacuran di Indonesia, seperti halnya penelitian gender dan perempuan pada umumnya, lebih terfokus pada masa abad ke-20. Kajian-kajian tersebut memfokus pada konteks lokal yang spesifik dan kurang melakukan perbandingan secara lebih luas. Tulisan ini mencoba memberikan dasar historis dan komparatif yang lebih mendalam untuk mendiskusikan pelacuran di Indonesia dengan menempatkannya dalam kerangka perdagangan global di Asia Tenggara antara abad ke-17 dan 18...[...] Penelitian akhir-akhir ini tentang gender dan seksualitas hampir selalu melihat'perubahan'sebagai sebuah fenomena modern. Tulisan ini berpendapat bahwa asal mula pelacuran di Indonesia dapat dilacak ke masa sebelum abad ke-19, pada masa ketika urbanisasi, perbudakan, kehadiran orang-orang asing, dan pertumbuhan komersialisasi mentransformasikan masyarakat-masyarakat lokal. Sampai sekarang, perempuan miskin dan tidak terdidik masih sering melihat partisipasi dalam perdagangan seks sebagai satu-satunya cara untuk mempertahankan kelangsungan ekonomi mereka.},
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Kajian-kajian tentang pelacuran di Indonesia, seperti halnya penelitian gender dan perempuan pada umumnya, lebih terfokus pada masa abad ke-20. Kajian-kajian tersebut memfokus pada konteks lokal yang spesifik dan kurang melakukan perbandingan secara lebih luas. Tulisan ini mencoba memberikan dasar historis dan komparatif yang lebih mendalam untuk mendiskusikan pelacuran di Indonesia dengan menempatkannya dalam kerangka perdagangan global di Asia Tenggara antara abad ke-17 dan 18...[...] Penelitian akhir-akhir ini tentang gender dan seksualitas hampir selalu melihat'perubahan'sebagai sebuah fenomena modern. Tulisan ini berpendapat bahwa asal mula pelacuran di Indonesia dapat dilacak ke masa sebelum abad ke-19, pada masa ketika urbanisasi, perbudakan, kehadiran orang-orang asing, dan pertumbuhan komersialisasi mentransformasikan masyarakat-masyarakat lokal. Sampai sekarang, perempuan miskin dan tidak terdidik masih sering melihat partisipasi dalam perdagangan seks sebagai satu-satunya cara untuk mempertahankan kelangsungan ekonomi mereka.
2013
Andaya, Barbara Watson
Response to Prasenjit Duara, “Asia Redux”: Conceptualizing a Region for Our Times Book Chapter
In: vol. 69, no. 4, pp. 1015-1020, Cambridge University Press, 2013.
@inbook{Andaya2013,
title = {Response to Prasenjit Duara, “Asia Redux”: Conceptualizing a Region for Our Times},
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abstract = {In his provocative essay, Prasenjit Duara argues that prior to the nineteenth century, the web of maritime trade networks infused the ill-defined area we call “Asia” with a genuine coherence, providing a conduit for cultural flows that readily permitted interactive relationships and the mutual adoption of new beliefs and practices. By the late nineteenth century, however, the imperial powers sought to ensure their global dominance by creating regional blocs consisting of territories that were economically subservient to the metropole. The consequent focus on the establishment of territorial boundaries encouraged a “nationalist congruence between state and culture” that gathered pace over the next hundred years.},
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In his provocative essay, Prasenjit Duara argues that prior to the nineteenth century, the web of maritime trade networks infused the ill-defined area we call “Asia” with a genuine coherence, providing a conduit for cultural flows that readily permitted interactive relationships and the mutual adoption of new beliefs and practices. By the late nineteenth century, however, the imperial powers sought to ensure their global dominance by creating regional blocs consisting of territories that were economically subservient to the metropole. The consequent focus on the establishment of territorial boundaries encouraged a “nationalist congruence between state and culture” that gathered pace over the next hundred years.
Andaya, Barbara Watson
New voices from Southeast Asian women: A review essay Journal Article
In: Journal of Southeast Asian Studies, vol. 44, no. 1, pp. 145-169, 2013.
@article{Andaya2013b,
title = {New voices from Southeast Asian women: A review essay},
author = {Barbara Watson Andaya},
doi = {10.1017/S0022463412000665},
year = {2013},
date = {2013-02-01},
journal = {Journal of Southeast Asian Studies},
volume = {44},
number = {1},
pages = {145-169},
abstract = {Historians may have come late to the study of women and gender in Southeast Asia, but when these three books are placed along a historiographical spectrum one can only be impressed at how far the field has moved in approach and methodology. Exploiting previously untapped sources that emanate from very different sites — a Dutch East India Company courtroom, the women's quarters of a Malay palace, the privacy of a Javanese home — the authors open up new avenues by which to explore the complexity of Southeast Asia's gender history. Though the contexts are very different, the movement through time ( Wives , slaves and concubines is set in the late eighteenth century, Victorious wives in the nineteenth, and Realizing the dream in the twentieth) provides an opportunity to gauge shifts in representations of ‘femaleness’, attitudes towards gender roles, and women's responses to change.},
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Historians may have come late to the study of women and gender in Southeast Asia, but when these three books are placed along a historiographical spectrum one can only be impressed at how far the field has moved in approach and methodology. Exploiting previously untapped sources that emanate from very different sites — a Dutch East India Company courtroom, the women's quarters of a Malay palace, the privacy of a Javanese home — the authors open up new avenues by which to explore the complexity of Southeast Asia's gender history. Though the contexts are very different, the movement through time ( Wives , slaves and concubines is set in the late eighteenth century, Victorious wives in the nineteenth, and Realizing the dream in the twentieth) provides an opportunity to gauge shifts in representations of ‘femaleness’, attitudes towards gender roles, and women's responses to change.
Andaya, Barbara Watson
Gates, elephants, cannon and drums: Symbols and sounds in the creation of a Patani identity Journal Article
In: pp. 31-52, 2013.
@article{Andaya2013bb,
title = {Gates, elephants, cannon and drums: Symbols and sounds in the creation of a Patani identity},
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2012
Andaya, Barbara Watson; Andaya, Leonard Y
10. Interracial Marriages and the Overseas Family The Case of the Portuguese Topasses in Timor Book Chapter
In: ISEAS Publishing, 2012, ISBN: 9789814311977.
@inbook{Andaya2012,
title = {10. Interracial Marriages and the Overseas Family The Case of the Portuguese Topasses in Timor},
author = {Barbara Watson Andaya and Leonard Y Andaya},
doi = {10.1355/9789814311977-012},
isbn = {9789814311977},
year = {2012},
date = {2012-03-09},
publisher = {ISEAS Publishing},
abstract = {In historiographical terms, the publication of the first volume of Southeast Asia in the Age of Commerce in 1988 marked a watershed in the study of the region’s premodern history. In this pioneering work Anthony Reid touched on many aspects of daily life, but he remains one of the few historians to think seriously about the ways in which social and economic changes of the period affected understandings of what constituted a family. 1 In particular, Tony drew attention to the growing visibility of sexual relations between foreign traders and local women, remarking that “interracial unions were a feature of all the commercial cities of Southeast Asia”. 2 Such unions had long been customary, but the presence of individuals born of “mixed” parentage became more noticeable in early modern times because so many European men arrived in Asia without women.},
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In historiographical terms, the publication of the first volume of Southeast Asia in the Age of Commerce in 1988 marked a watershed in the study of the region’s premodern history. In this pioneering work Anthony Reid touched on many aspects of daily life, but he remains one of the few historians to think seriously about the ways in which social and economic changes of the period affected understandings of what constituted a family. 1 In particular, Tony drew attention to the growing visibility of sexual relations between foreign traders and local women, remarking that “interracial unions were a feature of all the commercial cities of Southeast Asia”. 2 Such unions had long been customary, but the presence of individuals born of “mixed” parentage became more noticeable in early modern times because so many European men arrived in Asia without women.
Andaya, Barbara Watson
Christianity in Southeast Asia Book Chapter
In: pp. 401-404, John Wiley & Sons, 2012, ISBN: 9780080448541.
@inbook{Andaya2012b,
title = {Christianity in Southeast Asia},
author = {Barbara Watson Andaya},
doi = {10.1016/B0-08-044854-2/05061-6},
isbn = {9780080448541},
year = {2012},
date = {2012-02-20},
journal = {Introducing World Christianity},
pages = {401-404},
publisher = {John Wiley & Sons},
abstract = {Barbara Watson Andaya was educated at the University of Sydney (B.A., Dip.Ed.), and received her M.A. at the University of Hawai'i in 1968 and her Ph.D. from Cornell University (1974). She has lived and taught in Australia, New Zealand, Indonesia, the Netherlands, and the United States. Her specific area of expertise is the western Malay-Indonesia archipelago, on which she has published extensively, including Perak, the abode of grace. A study of an eighteenth century Malay state (1979) and To live as brothers: Southeast Sumatra in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries (1993). She maintains an active teaching and research interest across all Southeast Asia, and is especially interested in religious history. Together with Yoneo Ishii she wrote ‘Religious Developments in Southeast Asia, c.1500–1800’ for The Cambridge history of Southeast Asia (1992). She is Professor of Asian Studies at the University of Hawai'i, Director of the Center for Southeast Asian Studies, and President of the American Association of Asian Studies.},
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Barbara Watson Andaya was educated at the University of Sydney (B.A., Dip.Ed.), and received her M.A. at the University of Hawai'i in 1968 and her Ph.D. from Cornell University (1974). She has lived and taught in Australia, New Zealand, Indonesia, the Netherlands, and the United States. Her specific area of expertise is the western Malay-Indonesia archipelago, on which she has published extensively, including Perak, the abode of grace. A study of an eighteenth century Malay state (1979) and To live as brothers: Southeast Sumatra in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries (1993). She maintains an active teaching and research interest across all Southeast Asia, and is especially interested in religious history. Together with Yoneo Ishii she wrote ‘Religious Developments in Southeast Asia, c.1500–1800’ for The Cambridge history of Southeast Asia (1992). She is Professor of Asian Studies at the University of Hawai'i, Director of the Center for Southeast Asian Studies, and President of the American Association of Asian Studies.
2011
Andaya, Barbara Watson
Distant drums and thunderous cannon: Sounding authority in traditional malay society Journal Article
In: International Journal of Asia and the Pacific, vol. 7, no. 2, pp. 18-35, 2011.
@article{Andaya2011,
title = {Distant drums and thunderous cannon: Sounding authority in traditional malay society},
author = {Barbara Watson Andaya},
year = {2011},
date = {2011-07-01},
journal = {International Journal of Asia and the Pacific},
volume = {7},
number = {2},
pages = {18-35},
abstract = {Pre-modern Malay society was intensely oral and aural, and the texts that are now read were always intended for group recitation and performance. Studies of auditory history in other societies have emphasised that in the past, sounds were experienced differently from the way they are heard today. At the very basic level, thunder—the voice of the heavens—established the benchmark and the basis for comparison for awe-inspiring sounds that humans could attempt to replicate, notably in the beating of drums and the firing of cannon. Together with the nose-flute, the drum is the oldest and most indigenous Malay instrument, and the drums that were included in royal regalia were accorded personalities of their own. Cannon were introduced much later, but quickly assumed a preeminent position as personified embodiments of extraordinary supernatural power registered in the awe-inspiring noise of their thunder-like firing. At the same time, the sounds of both cannon and drums were fused with their physical presence as representations of fertility to create a complex sensory experience, conveying messages that were central to the functioning of the society. This paper argues that in the premodern Malay soundscape drums and cannon functioned as visual and aural proclamation of identity, helping to define the community’s cultural parameters by drawing elite and commoner together.},
keywords = {},
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Pre-modern Malay society was intensely oral and aural, and the texts that are now read were always intended for group recitation and performance. Studies of auditory history in other societies have emphasised that in the past, sounds were experienced differently from the way they are heard today. At the very basic level, thunder—the voice of the heavens—established the benchmark and the basis for comparison for awe-inspiring sounds that humans could attempt to replicate, notably in the beating of drums and the firing of cannon. Together with the nose-flute, the drum is the oldest and most indigenous Malay instrument, and the drums that were included in royal regalia were accorded personalities of their own. Cannon were introduced much later, but quickly assumed a preeminent position as personified embodiments of extraordinary supernatural power registered in the awe-inspiring noise of their thunder-like firing. At the same time, the sounds of both cannon and drums were fused with their physical presence as representations of fertility to create a complex sensory experience, conveying messages that were central to the functioning of the society. This paper argues that in the premodern Malay soundscape drums and cannon functioned as visual and aural proclamation of identity, helping to define the community’s cultural parameters by drawing elite and commoner together.
Andaya, Barbara Watson
Wives, Slaves, and Concubines: A History of the Female Underclass in Dutch Asia Journal Article
In: International Journal of Asian Studies, vol. 8, no. 2, pp. 233-235, 2011.
@article{Andaya2011b,
title = {Wives, Slaves, and Concubines: A History of the Female Underclass in Dutch Asia},
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doi = {10.1017/S147959141100012X},
year = {2011},
date = {2011-07-01},
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Andaya, Barbara Watson
In: Journal of Southeast Asian Studies, vol. 29, no. 1, pp. 189-190, 2011.
@article{Andaya2011bb,
title = {Women of Southeast Asia. Edited by Penny Van Esterik. DeKalb: Northern Illinois University, Center for Southeast Asian Studies, Monograph Series on Southeast Asia.},
author = {Barbara Watson Andaya},
doi = {10.1017/S0022463400021585},
year = {2011},
date = {2011-03-01},
journal = {Journal of Southeast Asian Studies},
volume = {29},
number = {1},
pages = {189-190},
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2010
Andaya, Barbara Watson
Response to Prasenjit Duara, “Asia Redux” Journal Article
In: The Journal of Asian Studies, vol. 69, no. 4, pp. 1015-1020, 2010.
@article{Andaya2010,
title = {Response to Prasenjit Duara, “Asia Redux”},
author = {Barbara Watson Andaya},
doi = {10.1017/S002191181000286X},
year = {2010},
date = {2010-11-01},
journal = {The Journal of Asian Studies},
volume = {69},
number = {4},
pages = {1015-1020},
abstract = {In his provocative essay, Prasenjit Duara argues that prior to the nineteenth century, the web of maritime trade networks infused the ill-defined area we call “Asia” with a genuine coherence, providing a conduit for cultural flows that readily permitted interactive relationships and the mutual adoption of new beliefs and practices. By the late nineteenth century, however, the imperial powers sought to ensure their global dominance by creating regional blocs consisting of territories that were economically subservient to the metropole. The consequent focus on the establishment of territorial boundaries encouraged a “nationalist congruence between state and culture” that gathered pace over the next hundred years.},
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In his provocative essay, Prasenjit Duara argues that prior to the nineteenth century, the web of maritime trade networks infused the ill-defined area we call “Asia” with a genuine coherence, providing a conduit for cultural flows that readily permitted interactive relationships and the mutual adoption of new beliefs and practices. By the late nineteenth century, however, the imperial powers sought to ensure their global dominance by creating regional blocs consisting of territories that were economically subservient to the metropole. The consequent focus on the establishment of territorial boundaries encouraged a “nationalist congruence between state and culture” that gathered pace over the next hundred years.
Andaya, Barbara Watson
The Ever-Present Sea: Cosmologies and Religious Beliefs around the “Single Ocean” Conference
2010.
@conference{Andaya2010b,
title = {The Ever-Present Sea: Cosmologies and Religious Beliefs around the “Single Ocean”},
author = {Barbara Watson Andaya},
year = {2010},
date = {2010-01-09},
abstract = {In recent years a number of scholars have argued that littoral and ocean-going communities can have more in common with each other than with inland societies in the same country. To date comparative work has tended to focus on the empirical evidence supplied by case studies, pointing to similarities in modes of coastal livelihood, involvement in maritime trade networks, navigational and ship-building skills, and the nature of gender relations. These studies have also shown that the lives of peoples economically reliant on the sea are fraught with unpredictability, and that belief in omens and the efficacy of spirit propitiation are a common means of ensuring good fortune in fishing or trade as well as protection against shipwreck or pirate attack. Not surprisingly, such beliefs can readily be found in maritime societies around the “single ocean” that reaches from Africa to Japan, where legends and cosmological beliefs gave sea deities and the rituals associated with them a central place. In examining a range of literary and historical sources from the premodern period, this paper argues that a preoccupation with the sea was retained even as beliefs and practices associated with world religions like Islam or Buddhism were adopted. In appropriating the metaphor of the ocean, and in transforming land-based divinities into powerful sea spirits, coastal communities retained their ancient connections with the ocean while acknowledging links that bound them to inland centers of spiritual authority.},
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In recent years a number of scholars have argued that littoral and ocean-going communities can have more in common with each other than with inland societies in the same country. To date comparative work has tended to focus on the empirical evidence supplied by case studies, pointing to similarities in modes of coastal livelihood, involvement in maritime trade networks, navigational and ship-building skills, and the nature of gender relations. These studies have also shown that the lives of peoples economically reliant on the sea are fraught with unpredictability, and that belief in omens and the efficacy of spirit propitiation are a common means of ensuring good fortune in fishing or trade as well as protection against shipwreck or pirate attack. Not surprisingly, such beliefs can readily be found in maritime societies around the “single ocean” that reaches from Africa to Japan, where legends and cosmological beliefs gave sea deities and the rituals associated with them a central place. In examining a range of literary and historical sources from the premodern period, this paper argues that a preoccupation with the sea was retained even as beliefs and practices associated with world religions like Islam or Buddhism were adopted. In appropriating the metaphor of the ocean, and in transforming land-based divinities into powerful sea spirits, coastal communities retained their ancient connections with the ocean while acknowledging links that bound them to inland centers of spiritual authority.
Andaya, Barbara Watson
Between Empires and Emporia: The Economics of Christianization in Early Modern Southeast Asia Journal Article
In: Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient, vol. 53, no. 1-2, pp. 357-392, 2010.
@article{Andaya2010bb,
title = {Between Empires and Emporia: The Economics of Christianization in Early Modern Southeast Asia},
author = {Barbara Watson Andaya},
doi = {10.1163/002249910X12573963244601},
year = {2010},
date = {2010-01-01},
journal = {Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient},
volume = {53},
number = {1-2},
pages = {357-392},
abstract = {Studies of church connections to commercial interests in pre-nineteenth-century Southeast Asia have focused on the Catholic venture in the Spanish Philippines. This article uses a broader and more ecumenical framework to incorporate eastern Indonesia into this discussion by comparing the economic involvement of Spanish, Portuguese, and Dutch missionaries and church personnel. It contextualizes differences in church resources, secular oversight, and motivation, but also argues that clerical involvement with European economic ambitions helped to mark out a path toward the domestication of local Christianity. The perception of foreign priests and ministers as conduits for exploitation encouraged many Southeast Asian Christians to differentiate between the teachings of the religion they had adopted and the ways these teachings had been distorted in support of European control.La recherche de l'Asie du Sud-Est pré-moderne touchant au rapprochement des relations de l'Église d'avec les intérêts commerciaux porte habituellement sur l'entreprise catholiques des Philippines espagnoles. Cette contribution par contre, a un cadre spatial plus vaste et au point de vue religion plus oecuménique. L'étude y inclut l'Indonésie orientale et elle compare la participation économique des missionaires et du clergé, tant espagnols, tant portuguais, tant hollandais. D`un part les différences des ressources ecclésiales, la supervision des laïques et la motivation cléricale sont étudiées d'après leur contexte, d'autre part la participation du clergé imbu d'ambitions économiques européennes est aussi explorée parce qu`elle a favorisé les modes locales du christianisme. C'est que l'image des prêtres et des pasteurs rapaces auprès les populations de l'Asie du Sud-Est stimulaient ces peuples à distinguer entre la religion adoptés par eux et la déformation de l'ínstruction religieuse du clergé qui visait à faciliter le contrôle européen.},
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Studies of church connections to commercial interests in pre-nineteenth-century Southeast Asia have focused on the Catholic venture in the Spanish Philippines. This article uses a broader and more ecumenical framework to incorporate eastern Indonesia into this discussion by comparing the economic involvement of Spanish, Portuguese, and Dutch missionaries and church personnel. It contextualizes differences in church resources, secular oversight, and motivation, but also argues that clerical involvement with European economic ambitions helped to mark out a path toward the domestication of local Christianity. The perception of foreign priests and ministers as conduits for exploitation encouraged many Southeast Asian Christians to differentiate between the teachings of the religion they had adopted and the ways these teachings had been distorted in support of European control.La recherche de l'Asie du Sud-Est pré-moderne touchant au rapprochement des relations de l'Église d'avec les intérêts commerciaux porte habituellement sur l'entreprise catholiques des Philippines espagnoles. Cette contribution par contre, a un cadre spatial plus vaste et au point de vue religion plus oecuménique. L'étude y inclut l'Indonésie orientale et elle compare la participation économique des missionaires et du clergé, tant espagnols, tant portuguais, tant hollandais. D`un part les différences des ressources ecclésiales, la supervision des laïques et la motivation cléricale sont étudiées d'après leur contexte, d'autre part la participation du clergé imbu d'ambitions économiques européennes est aussi explorée parce qu`elle a favorisé les modes locales du christianisme. C'est que l'image des prêtres et des pasteurs rapaces auprès les populations de l'Asie du Sud-Est stimulaient ces peuples à distinguer entre la religion adoptés par eux et la déformation de l'ínstruction religieuse du clergé qui visait à faciliter le contrôle européen.
2008
Andaya, Barbara Watson
Women and the Performance of Power in Early Modern Southeast Asia Book Chapter
In: pp. 22-44, University of California Press, 2008.
@inbook{Andaya2008b,
title = {Women and the Performance of Power in Early Modern Southeast Asia},
author = {Barbara Watson Andaya},
year = {2008},
date = {2008-06-10},
pages = {22-44},
publisher = {University of California Press},
abstract = {The ritual restatement of authority so necessary to the maintenance of kingship represents a common thread in Southeast Asian history. The phrase “theater state” effectively deployed by Clifford Geertz in relation to Bali is eminently applicable even in places where Europeans condescendingly equated the “king” to one of their own provincial mayors. Whether in these enhanced chiefdoms or in larger courts like those of Java or Burma, ceremonial life was “an assertion of spiritual power.” In this performance of power, women were indispensable, usually in supporting roles but at times as directors and lead actors. Notwithstanding regional differences in language, culture, and historical experience, “palace women” across Southeast Asia can be considered in terms of the enactment of royal status, which, by separating a ruler from his subjects, justified and maintained the rationale on which kingship rested. This chapter looks at women and the performance of power in early modern Southeast Asia. It discusses the purpose of royal polygyny, women's roles at royal courts and in the enactment of royal power, women's theatrical performances, and life cycle rituals.},
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The ritual restatement of authority so necessary to the maintenance of kingship represents a common thread in Southeast Asian history. The phrase “theater state” effectively deployed by Clifford Geertz in relation to Bali is eminently applicable even in places where Europeans condescendingly equated the “king” to one of their own provincial mayors. Whether in these enhanced chiefdoms or in larger courts like those of Java or Burma, ceremonial life was “an assertion of spiritual power.” In this performance of power, women were indispensable, usually in supporting roles but at times as directors and lead actors. Notwithstanding regional differences in language, culture, and historical experience, “palace women” across Southeast Asia can be considered in terms of the enactment of royal status, which, by separating a ruler from his subjects, justified and maintained the rationale on which kingship rested. This chapter looks at women and the performance of power in early modern Southeast Asia. It discusses the purpose of royal polygyny, women's roles at royal courts and in the enactment of royal power, women's theatrical performances, and life cycle rituals.
Andaya, Barbara Watson
A Companion to Gender History Book Chapter
In: pp. 321 - 342, 2008, ISBN: 9780470693568.
@inbook{Andaya2008bb,
title = {A Companion to Gender History},
author = {Barbara Watson Andaya},
doi = {10.1002/9780470693568.ch17},
isbn = {9780470693568},
year = {2008},
date = {2008-04-15},
pages = {321 - 342},
abstract = {Though well entrenched in academia, the division of the non-European world into “macrocultural zones” is currently a contentious topic. Not only do such categorizations reflect assumptions of Euro-American hegemony; they also convey the impression of homogenous cultures existing within a defined field. Needless to say, this can be highly misleading. Contemporary “Southeast Asia,” for example, consists of eleven countries (Myanmar, Thailand, Laos, and Cambodia, Vietnam, Philippines, Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, Brunei, and East Timor). While one can certainly map congeries of cultural similarity, differences in religions, languages, and historical experiences render the region as a whole extremely diverse. To a varying extent, similar remarks could be made regarding the three other “zones” that border Southeast Asia–South Asia, East Asia, and the Pacific (including Australia and New Zealand). Although India has fifteen official languages, hundreds of others can be found across South Asia (which includes Pakistan, India, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, Nepal, Bhutan, and the Maldives). Scholars working with China’s numerous ethnic minorities likewise caution against implicit assumptions that “culture” somehow equates with modern political boundaries. It is worth remembering that there were around two hundred languages in Aboriginal Australia, and lifestyles could differ quite markedly between the coast, the tropical north, and more arid inland areas. Nor are the politically based divisions of the “world region” system sympathetic to the transitional cultures of border areas},
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Though well entrenched in academia, the division of the non-European world into “macrocultural zones” is currently a contentious topic. Not only do such categorizations reflect assumptions of Euro-American hegemony; they also convey the impression of homogenous cultures existing within a defined field. Needless to say, this can be highly misleading. Contemporary “Southeast Asia,” for example, consists of eleven countries (Myanmar, Thailand, Laos, and Cambodia, Vietnam, Philippines, Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, Brunei, and East Timor). While one can certainly map congeries of cultural similarity, differences in religions, languages, and historical experiences render the region as a whole extremely diverse. To a varying extent, similar remarks could be made regarding the three other “zones” that border Southeast Asia–South Asia, East Asia, and the Pacific (including Australia and New Zealand). Although India has fifteen official languages, hundreds of others can be found across South Asia (which includes Pakistan, India, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, Nepal, Bhutan, and the Maldives). Scholars working with China’s numerous ethnic minorities likewise caution against implicit assumptions that “culture” somehow equates with modern political boundaries. It is worth remembering that there were around two hundred languages in Aboriginal Australia, and lifestyles could differ quite markedly between the coast, the tropical north, and more arid inland areas. Nor are the politically based divisions of the “world region” system sympathetic to the transitional cultures of border areas
Andaya, Barbara Watson
The Flaming Womb: Repositioning Women in Early Modern Southeast Asia Book
2008, ISBN: 0824832884.
@book{Andaya2008,
title = {The Flaming Womb: Repositioning Women in Early Modern Southeast Asia},
author = {Barbara Watson Andaya},
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year = {2008},
date = {2008-03-19},
abstract = {"The Princess of the Flaming Womb," the Javanese legend that introduces this pioneering study, symbolizes the many ambiguities attached to femaleness in Southeast Asian societies. Yet despite these ambiguities, the relatively egalitarian nature of male–female relations in Southeast Asia is central to arguments claiming a coherent identity for the region. This challenging work by senior scholar Barbara Watson Andaya considers such contradictions while offering a thought-provoking view of Southeast Asian history that focuses on women’s roles and perceptions. Andaya explores the broad themes of the early modern era (1500–1800)―the introduction of new religions, major economic shifts, changing patterns of state control, the impact of elite lifestyles and behaviors―drawing on an extraordinary range of sources and citing numerous examples from Thai, Vietnamese, Burmese, Philippine, and Malay societies. In the process, she provides a timely and innovative model for putting women back into world history
Andaya approaches the problematic issue of "Southeast Asia" by considering ways in which topography helped describe a geo-cultural zone and contributed to regional distinctiveness in gender construction. She examines the degree to which world religions have been instrumental in (re)constructing conceptions of gender― an issue especially pertinent to Southeast Asian societies because of the leading role so often played by women in indigenous ritual. She also considers the effects of the expansion of long-distance trade, the incorporation of the region into a global trading network, the beginnings of cash-cropping and wage labor, and the increase in slavery on the position of women.
Erudite, nuanced, and accessible, The Flaming Womb makes a major contribution to a Southeast Asia history that is both regional and global in content and perspective.},
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"The Princess of the Flaming Womb," the Javanese legend that introduces this pioneering study, symbolizes the many ambiguities attached to femaleness in Southeast Asian societies. Yet despite these ambiguities, the relatively egalitarian nature of male–female relations in Southeast Asia is central to arguments claiming a coherent identity for the region. This challenging work by senior scholar Barbara Watson Andaya considers such contradictions while offering a thought-provoking view of Southeast Asian history that focuses on women’s roles and perceptions. Andaya explores the broad themes of the early modern era (1500–1800)―the introduction of new religions, major economic shifts, changing patterns of state control, the impact of elite lifestyles and behaviors―drawing on an extraordinary range of sources and citing numerous examples from Thai, Vietnamese, Burmese, Philippine, and Malay societies. In the process, she provides a timely and innovative model for putting women back into world history
Andaya approaches the problematic issue of "Southeast Asia" by considering ways in which topography helped describe a geo-cultural zone and contributed to regional distinctiveness in gender construction. She examines the degree to which world religions have been instrumental in (re)constructing conceptions of gender― an issue especially pertinent to Southeast Asian societies because of the leading role so often played by women in indigenous ritual. She also considers the effects of the expansion of long-distance trade, the incorporation of the region into a global trading network, the beginnings of cash-cropping and wage labor, and the increase in slavery on the position of women.
Erudite, nuanced, and accessible, The Flaming Womb makes a major contribution to a Southeast Asia history that is both regional and global in content and perspective.
Andaya approaches the problematic issue of "Southeast Asia" by considering ways in which topography helped describe a geo-cultural zone and contributed to regional distinctiveness in gender construction. She examines the degree to which world religions have been instrumental in (re)constructing conceptions of gender― an issue especially pertinent to Southeast Asian societies because of the leading role so often played by women in indigenous ritual. She also considers the effects of the expansion of long-distance trade, the incorporation of the region into a global trading network, the beginnings of cash-cropping and wage labor, and the increase in slavery on the position of women.
Erudite, nuanced, and accessible, The Flaming Womb makes a major contribution to a Southeast Asia history that is both regional and global in content and perspective.
2007
Andaya, Barbara Watson
Studying women and gender in southeast asia Journal Article
In: International Journal of Asian Studies, vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 113-136, 2007.
@article{Andaya2007,
title = {Studying women and gender in southeast asia},
author = {Barbara Watson Andaya},
doi = {10.1017/S147959140700054X},
year = {2007},
date = {2007-01-01},
journal = {International Journal of Asian Studies},
volume = {4},
number = {1},
pages = {113-136},
abstract = {Historians of Southeast Asia have begun to consider the history of women and gender relatively recently, even though the complementary relationship between men and women has long been cited as a regional characteristic. In the last twenty years or so the field has witnessed some important advances, most notably in the study of the twentieth century but also in the preceding periods as well. Generalizations advanced in the past are now being refined through a number of new case studies. The second half of this essay, surveying recent publications primarily in English, focuses on pre-twentieth century history, identifying the areas where research has been most productive and suggesting lines of inquiry that might be profitable in the future.},
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Historians of Southeast Asia have begun to consider the history of women and gender relatively recently, even though the complementary relationship between men and women has long been cited as a regional characteristic. In the last twenty years or so the field has witnessed some important advances, most notably in the study of the twentieth century but also in the preceding periods as well. Generalizations advanced in the past are now being refined through a number of new case studies. The second half of this essay, surveying recent publications primarily in English, focuses on pre-twentieth century history, identifying the areas where research has been most productive and suggesting lines of inquiry that might be profitable in the future.
2006
Andaya, Barbara Watson
Oceans Unbounded: Transversing Asia across “Area Studies” Journal Article
In: The Journal of Asian Studies, vol. 65, no. 4, pp. 669 - 690, 2006.
@article{Andaya2006,
title = {Oceans Unbounded: Transversing Asia across “Area Studies”},
author = {Barbara Watson Andaya},
year = {2006},
date = {2006-11-01},
journal = {The Journal of Asian Studies},
volume = {65},
number = {4},
pages = {669 - 690},
abstract = {The Journal of Asian Studies (JAS) has played a defining role in the field of Asian studies for over 75 years. JAS publishes the very best empirical and multidisciplinary work on Asia, spanning the arts, history, literature, the social sciences, and cultural studies. Experts around the world turn to this quarterly journal for the latest in-depth scholarship on Asia's past and present, for its extensive book reviews, and for its state-of-the-field essays on established and emerging topics. With coverage reaching from South and Southeast Asia to China, Inner Asia, and Northeast Asia, JAS welcomes broad comparative and transnational studies as well as essays emanating from fine-grained historical, cultural, political, and literary research. The journal also publishes clusters of papers that present new and vibrant discussions on specific themes and issues.},
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The Journal of Asian Studies (JAS) has played a defining role in the field of Asian studies for over 75 years. JAS publishes the very best empirical and multidisciplinary work on Asia, spanning the arts, history, literature, the social sciences, and cultural studies. Experts around the world turn to this quarterly journal for the latest in-depth scholarship on Asia's past and present, for its extensive book reviews, and for its state-of-the-field essays on established and emerging topics. With coverage reaching from South and Southeast Asia to China, Inner Asia, and Northeast Asia, JAS welcomes broad comparative and transnational studies as well as essays emanating from fine-grained historical, cultural, political, and literary research. The journal also publishes clusters of papers that present new and vibrant discussions on specific themes and issues.
Andaya, Barbara Watson
The flaming womb Journal Article
In: The Flaming Womb, pp. 1-335, 2006, ISBN: 978-0824829557.
@article{Andaya2006b,
title = {The flaming womb},
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abstract = {"The Princess of the Flaming Womb," the Javanese legend that introduces this pioneering study, symbolizes the many ambiguities attached to femaleness in Southeast Asian societies. Yet despite these ambiguities, the relatively egalitarian nature of male–female relations in Southeast Asia is central to arguments claiming a coherent identity for the region. This challenging work by senior scholar Barbara Watson Andaya considers such contradictions while offering a thought-provoking view of Southeast Asian history that focuses on women’s roles and perceptions. Andaya explores the broad themes of the early modern era (1500–1800)—the introduction of new religions, major economic shifts, changing patterns of state control, the impact of elite lifestyles and behaviors—drawing on an extraordinary range of sources and citing numerous examples from Thai, Vietnamese, Burmese, Philippine, and Malay societies. In the process, she provides a timely and innovative model for putting women back into world history. Andaya approaches the problematic issue of "Southeast Asia" by considering ways in which topography helped describe a geo-cultural zone and contributed to regional distinctiveness in gender construction. She examines the degree to which world religions have been instrumental in (re)constructing conceptions of gender— an issue especially pertinent to Southeast Asian societies because of the leading role so often played by women in indigenous ritual. She also considers the effects of the expansion of long-distance trade, the incorporation of the region into a global trading network, the beginnings of cash-cropping and wage labor, and the increase in slavery on the position of women. Erudite, nuanced, and accessible, The Flaming Womb makes a major contribution to a Southeast Asia history that is both regional and global in content and perspective.},
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"The Princess of the Flaming Womb," the Javanese legend that introduces this pioneering study, symbolizes the many ambiguities attached to femaleness in Southeast Asian societies. Yet despite these ambiguities, the relatively egalitarian nature of male–female relations in Southeast Asia is central to arguments claiming a coherent identity for the region. This challenging work by senior scholar Barbara Watson Andaya considers such contradictions while offering a thought-provoking view of Southeast Asian history that focuses on women’s roles and perceptions. Andaya explores the broad themes of the early modern era (1500–1800)—the introduction of new religions, major economic shifts, changing patterns of state control, the impact of elite lifestyles and behaviors—drawing on an extraordinary range of sources and citing numerous examples from Thai, Vietnamese, Burmese, Philippine, and Malay societies. In the process, she provides a timely and innovative model for putting women back into world history. Andaya approaches the problematic issue of "Southeast Asia" by considering ways in which topography helped describe a geo-cultural zone and contributed to regional distinctiveness in gender construction. She examines the degree to which world religions have been instrumental in (re)constructing conceptions of gender— an issue especially pertinent to Southeast Asian societies because of the leading role so often played by women in indigenous ritual. She also considers the effects of the expansion of long-distance trade, the incorporation of the region into a global trading network, the beginnings of cash-cropping and wage labor, and the increase in slavery on the position of women. Erudite, nuanced, and accessible, The Flaming Womb makes a major contribution to a Southeast Asia history that is both regional and global in content and perspective.
2004
Andaya, Barbara Watson
History, Headhunting and Gender in Monsoon Asia: Comparative and Longitudinal Views Journal Article
In: South East Asia Research, vol. 12, no. 1, pp. 13-52, 2004.
@article{Andaya2004,
title = {History, Headhunting and Gender in Monsoon Asia: Comparative and Longitudinal Views},
author = {Barbara Watson Andaya},
doi = {10.5367/000000004773487938},
year = {2004},
date = {2004-03-01},
journal = {South East Asia Research},
volume = {12},
number = {1},
pages = {13-52},
abstract = {In what must be regarded as a preliminary foray into the subject, this paper considers the topic of 'headhunting' in South East Asia in relation to three separate but interconnected historiographical questions. First, to what extent is it possible to make comparative generalizations across regions separated by the academic creation of area studies? Second, what methods are available for reconstructing the past of poorly documented and remote communities? Third, how would the picture of 'traditional' warfare shift if historians were to consider the implications of conflict from a gendered perspective? In response to this final question, the paper argues that while headhunting was clearly important to men, who acquired great status in their own eyes and in the eyes of other men, women also saw those who participated as more virile and thus highly desirable as lovers, husbands and potential fathers. Moreover, women played a significant part in the rituals that accompanied headhunting, while the sexuality implicit in headhunting guaranteed their fertility, the fertility of their crops and the health of their children and kinsfolk.},
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In what must be regarded as a preliminary foray into the subject, this paper considers the topic of 'headhunting' in South East Asia in relation to three separate but interconnected historiographical questions. First, to what extent is it possible to make comparative generalizations across regions separated by the academic creation of area studies? Second, what methods are available for reconstructing the past of poorly documented and remote communities? Third, how would the picture of 'traditional' warfare shift if historians were to consider the implications of conflict from a gendered perspective? In response to this final question, the paper argues that while headhunting was clearly important to men, who acquired great status in their own eyes and in the eyes of other men, women also saw those who participated as more virile and thus highly desirable as lovers, husbands and potential fathers. Moreover, women played a significant part in the rituals that accompanied headhunting, while the sexuality implicit in headhunting guaranteed their fertility, the fertility of their crops and the health of their children and kinsfolk.
2003
Andaya, Barbara Watson; Gaynor, Jennifer
Other Pasts: Women, Gender, and History in Early Modern Southeast Asia (review) Journal Article
In: Journal of Asian Studies - J ASIAN STUD, vol. 62, no. 1, pp. 346-349, 2003.
@article{Andaya2003b,
title = {Other Pasts: Women, Gender, and History in Early Modern Southeast Asia (review)},
author = {Barbara Watson Andaya and Jennifer Gaynor},
doi = {10.2307/3096222},
year = {2003},
date = {2003-02-01},
journal = {Journal of Asian Studies - J ASIAN STUD},
volume = {62},
number = {1},
pages = {346-349},
abstract = {The twelve succinct essays in Other Pasts provide evocative fragmentary evidence about gender relations in Southeast Asia between the fourteenth and the nineteenth centuries. In so doing, the volume offers to the gender-parched field of Southeast Asian historical studies refreshingly saturating details about the relations between men and women. As Barbara Watson Andaya acknowledges in her comprehensive introduction, anthropologists have contributed theoretically to understandings of gender in the contemporary period, but historians have yet to integrate gender into existing or new scholarship on the pre-and early modern period. As a result, the nationalist-based historiography of Southeast Asia remains more or less intact. Other Pasts, which developed out of a conference sponsored by the SSRC (Social Science Research Council) in Honolulu in 1995, begins to redress this omission.},
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The twelve succinct essays in Other Pasts provide evocative fragmentary evidence about gender relations in Southeast Asia between the fourteenth and the nineteenth centuries. In so doing, the volume offers to the gender-parched field of Southeast Asian historical studies refreshingly saturating details about the relations between men and women. As Barbara Watson Andaya acknowledges in her comprehensive introduction, anthropologists have contributed theoretically to understandings of gender in the contemporary period, but historians have yet to integrate gender into existing or new scholarship on the pre-and early modern period. As a result, the nationalist-based historiography of Southeast Asia remains more or less intact. Other Pasts, which developed out of a conference sponsored by the SSRC (Social Science Research Council) in Honolulu in 1995, begins to redress this omission.
Andaya, Barbara Watson
Aspects of warfare in premodern southeast Asia Journal Article
In: Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient/Journal de l'histoire economique et sociale de l'Orient, vol. 46, no. 2, pp. 139-142, 2003.
@article{Andaya2003,
title = {Aspects of warfare in premodern southeast Asia},
author = {Barbara Watson Andaya},
doi = {10.1163/156852003321675718},
year = {2003},
date = {2003-01-01},
journal = {Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient/Journal de l'histoire economique et sociale de l'Orient},
volume = {46},
number = {2},
pages = {139-142},
abstract = {Warfare in premodern Southeast Asia, roughly that fought up until the end of the 19th century, was shaped by the environment across the region. Maritime trade connections brought the introduction and circulation of external models of warfare that would help to frame the way warfare in the region was depicted in some of the indigenous literature and art (including the influence of the Indian epics on shadow puppet theater). Firearms played a more direct role in determining the development of warfare in the region over the course of the early modern period. As a result of better firearms, the elephant declined in battlefield importance and was increasingly replaced by cavalry. In the 18th century, Southeast Asians fielded some of their best-organized armies, and in the early 19th century there was a temporary revival of naval strength in parts of the region, particularly in Vietnam. Nevertheless, the introduction of the steamship and better European military technology from the 1820s ushered in the decline of the remaining Southeast Asian armies by the end of the 19th century. Although indigenous states would attempt to modernize and catch up with Europe militarily, all of Southeast Asia, save for Thailand, fell under European control.},
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Warfare in premodern Southeast Asia, roughly that fought up until the end of the 19th century, was shaped by the environment across the region. Maritime trade connections brought the introduction and circulation of external models of warfare that would help to frame the way warfare in the region was depicted in some of the indigenous literature and art (including the influence of the Indian epics on shadow puppet theater). Firearms played a more direct role in determining the development of warfare in the region over the course of the early modern period. As a result of better firearms, the elephant declined in battlefield importance and was increasingly replaced by cavalry. In the 18th century, Southeast Asians fielded some of their best-organized armies, and in the early 19th century there was a temporary revival of naval strength in parts of the region, particularly in Vietnam. Nevertheless, the introduction of the steamship and better European military technology from the 1820s ushered in the decline of the remaining Southeast Asian armies by the end of the 19th century. Although indigenous states would attempt to modernize and catch up with Europe militarily, all of Southeast Asia, save for Thailand, fell under European control.
Andaya, Barbara Watson
Gender, Islam and the Bugis Diaspora in Nineteenth and Twentieth-Century Riau Journal Article
In: Sari, vol. 21, pp. 77-108, 2003.
@article{Andaya2003bb,
title = {Gender, Islam and the Bugis Diaspora in Nineteenth and Twentieth-Century Riau},
author = {Barbara Watson Andaya},
year = {2003},
date = {2003-01-01},
journal = {Sari},
volume = {21},
pages = {77-108},
abstract = {The importance of women in maintaining male status is a common theme in
academic studies of Bugis society. Presumably, these attitudes would have
been embedded in the culture that Bugis migrants brought to the Malay world
in the late seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. On the island of Riau, which
became the center for Bugis influence in the kingdom of Johor and the larger
Malay world, intermarriage between Bugis and Malays meant these gender
imperatives were somewhat diluted. Nonetheless, the influence of women of
Bugis-Malay descent was still evident in Riau’s ruling circles in the early
nineteenth century. During this period, however, new formulations of gender status began to penetrate Islamic society through the reformist and more fundamentalist
teachings of the Wahabi. The influence of these teachings, which
strengthened existing ambiguity towards the presence of women in public life,
are evident in the Tuhfat al-Nafis, the history of the Bugis diaspora written by
the great scholar Raja Ali Haji. By the end of the century, the place of well-born
women in Riau is less prominent than a hundred years earlier. However, by
examining literary and historical sources, this article argues that the environment
created on Pulau Penyengat still allowed women a space in which they
could write. A synchronic approach to their publications permits us to see how
the kinds of questions their works address shifted according to changing times
and the new issues raised by Western influence and ideas about ‘modernity’ in
the Muslim world},
keywords = {},
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The importance of women in maintaining male status is a common theme in academic studies of Bugis society. Presumably, these attitudes would have been embedded in the culture that Bugis migrants brought to the Malay world in the late seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. On the island of Riau, which became the center for Bugis influence in the kingdom of Johor and the larger Malay world, intermarriage between Bugis and Malays meant these gender imperatives were somewhat diluted. Nonetheless, the influence of women of Bugis-Malay descent was still evident in Riau’s ruling circles in the early nineteenth century. During this period, however, new formulations of gender status began to penetrate Islamic society through the reformist and more fundamentalist teachings of the Wahabi. The influence of these teachings, which strengthened existing ambiguity towards the presence of women in public life, are evident in the Tuhfat al-Nafis, the history of the Bugis diaspora written by the great scholar Raja Ali Haji. By the end of the century, the place of well-born women in Riau is less prominent than a hundred years earlier. However, by examining literary and historical sources, this article argues that the environment created on Pulau Penyengat still allowed women a space in which they could write. A synchronic approach to their publications permits us to see how the kinds of questions their works address shifted according to changing times and the new issues raised by Western influence and ideas about ‘modernity’ in the Muslim world
2002
Andaya, Barbara Watson
In: Journal of Southeast Asian Studies, vol. 33, no. 3, pp. 561 - 594, 2002.
@article{Andaya2002,
title = {Indonesia. His Word Is the Truth: Haji Ibrahim's Letters and Other Writings. By JAN VAN DER PUTTEN. Leiden: Research School of Asian, African and Amerindian Studies, 2001.},
author = {Barbara Watson Andaya},
doi = {10.1017/S0022463402260397},
year = {2002},
date = {2002-10-01},
journal = { Journal of Southeast Asian Studies},
volume = {33},
number = {3},
pages = {561 - 594},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
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}
Andaya, Barbara Watson
Southeast Asia, historical periodization and area studies Journal Article
In: Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient, vol. 45, no. 2, pp. 268-287, 2002.
@article{Andaya2002b,
title = {Southeast Asia, historical periodization and area studies},
author = {Barbara Watson Andaya},
doi = {10.1163/156852002760247131},
year = {2002},
date = {2002-06-01},
journal = {Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient},
volume = {45},
number = {2},
pages = {268-287},
abstract = {Global trends which have seen the dramatic rise of the East-Southeast Asian economies suggests a turning of the wheel. Students of world history will recall the central place of China and India in the pre-modern world as producers and exporters of, variously, silks, ceramics and textiles, just as their populations and economies vastly dwarfed those of medieval Europe. The sprawling tropical zone of Southeast Asia, known historically as a prime source of spices and natural commodities, also boasted impressive civilisations. Still we are perplexed as to how a region boasting internationally known trade emporium dropped off the centre stage of world history. Reading back, did colonialism and imperialism turn the tide against indigenous agency? Or was stagnation an inevitable feature of life in pre-modern Southeast Asia? In seeking to answer these and other questions, this article both replays and critiques the many constructions of the broader East-Southeast Asia region, including its historiography, with special attention to recent trends in the framing of world-regional and global history. This is important, I argue, as localism, powerful state narratives, and the legacies of colonial conceptions and categories all contrive to ignore the importance of a holistic framing of this part of the globe.},
keywords = {},
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Global trends which have seen the dramatic rise of the East-Southeast Asian economies suggests a turning of the wheel. Students of world history will recall the central place of China and India in the pre-modern world as producers and exporters of, variously, silks, ceramics and textiles, just as their populations and economies vastly dwarfed those of medieval Europe. The sprawling tropical zone of Southeast Asia, known historically as a prime source of spices and natural commodities, also boasted impressive civilisations. Still we are perplexed as to how a region boasting internationally known trade emporium dropped off the centre stage of world history. Reading back, did colonialism and imperialism turn the tide against indigenous agency? Or was stagnation an inevitable feature of life in pre-modern Southeast Asia? In seeking to answer these and other questions, this article both replays and critiques the many constructions of the broader East-Southeast Asia region, including its historiography, with special attention to recent trends in the framing of world-regional and global history. This is important, I argue, as localism, powerful state narratives, and the legacies of colonial conceptions and categories all contrive to ignore the importance of a holistic framing of this part of the globe.
Andaya, Barbara Watson
Localising the Universal: Women, Motherhood and the Appeal of Early Theravada Buddhism Journal Article
In: Journal of Southeast Asian Studies, vol. 33, no. 1, pp. 1 - 30, 2002.
@article{Andaya2002bb,
title = {Localising the Universal: Women, Motherhood and the Appeal of Early Theravada Buddhism},
author = {Barbara Watson Andaya},
doi = {10.1017/S0022463402000012},
year = {2002},
date = {2002-02-01},
journal = {Journal of Southeast Asian Studies},
volume = {33},
number = {1},
pages = {1 - 30},
abstract = {This essay suggests that one reason for the success of Theravada Buddhism in early Southeast Asia was its appeal to women. The maternal metaphor, a prominent theme in Buddhist texts, was both familiar and relevant to the lives of all females, regardless of their social standing. Translated into a local environment, the interaction between motherhood and merit-making provided new opportunities for lay women to display their piety and strengthened their links with the monkhood.},
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This essay suggests that one reason for the success of Theravada Buddhism in early Southeast Asia was its appeal to women. The maternal metaphor, a prominent theme in Buddhist texts, was both familiar and relevant to the lives of all females, regardless of their social standing. Translated into a local environment, the interaction between motherhood and merit-making provided new opportunities for lay women to display their piety and strengthened their links with the monkhood.
2000
Andaya, Barbara Watson
Bencoolen. A History of the Honourable East India Company's Garrison on the West Coast of Sumatra 1685–1825 Journal Article
In: Journal of Southeast Asian Studies, vol. 31, no. 1, pp. 195-196, 2000.
@article{Andaya2000,
title = {Bencoolen. A History of the Honourable East India Company's Garrison on the West Coast of Sumatra 1685–1825},
author = {Barbara Watson Andaya},
doi = {10.1017/S0022463400016106},
year = {2000},
date = {2000-03-01},
journal = {Journal of Southeast Asian Studies},
volume = {31},
number = {1},
pages = {195-196},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
1999
Andaya, Barbara Watson; Trankell, Ing-Britt; Summers, Laura
Facets of Power and Its Limitations: Political Culture in Southeast Asia Journal Article
In: The Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute, vol. 5, no. 4, pp. 666-666, 1999.
@article{Andaya1999,
title = {Facets of Power and Its Limitations: Political Culture in Southeast Asia},
author = {Barbara Watson Andaya and Ing-Britt Trankell and Laura Summers},
doi = {10.2307/2700098},
year = {1999},
date = {1999-12-01},
urldate = {1999-12-01},
journal = {The Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute},
volume = {5},
number = {4},
pages = {666-666},
abstract = {This collection is the product of a conference on political culture in Southeast Asia held at Uppsala in 1995. Covering a number of different societies and regions in Vietnam, Laos, Indonesia, Cambodia and Thailand, the twelve papers are linked by their focus on state-society interactions. Most contributors are from the Nordic countries, and at the time of publication five were students in the final stages of their Ph. D. degrees.
The editors have divided the collection into two sections: the first comprising six papers that focus on'cultural dimensions' of national politics. In Laos Ing-Britt Trankell explores ideas about socio-economic status conveyed by the state's ethnic categories, while Grant Evans compares Laotian state-sponsored leadership cults with those in Vietnam.},
howpublished = {the Royal Anthropological Institute},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
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This collection is the product of a conference on political culture in Southeast Asia held at Uppsala in 1995. Covering a number of different societies and regions in Vietnam, Laos, Indonesia, Cambodia and Thailand, the twelve papers are linked by their focus on state-society interactions. Most contributors are from the Nordic countries, and at the time of publication five were students in the final stages of their Ph. D. degrees.
The editors have divided the collection into two sections: the first comprising six papers that focus on'cultural dimensions' of national politics. In Laos Ing-Britt Trankell explores ideas about socio-economic status conveyed by the state's ethnic categories, while Grant Evans compares Laotian state-sponsored leadership cults with those in Vietnam.
The editors have divided the collection into two sections: the first comprising six papers that focus on'cultural dimensions' of national politics. In Laos Ing-Britt Trankell explores ideas about socio-economic status conveyed by the state's ethnic categories, while Grant Evans compares Laotian state-sponsored leadership cults with those in Vietnam.
1998
Andaya, Barbara Watson
From Temporary Wife to Prostitute: Sexuality and Economic Change in Early Modern Southeast Asia Journal Article
In: Journal of Women's History, vol. 9, no. 4, pp. 11-34, 1998.
@article{Andaya1998,
title = {From Temporary Wife to Prostitute: Sexuality and Economic Change in Early Modern Southeast Asia},
author = {Barbara Watson Andaya},
doi = {10.1353/jowh.2010.0225},
year = {1998},
date = {1998-12-01},
journal = {Journal of Women's History},
volume = {9},
number = {4},
pages = {11-34},
abstract = {The historical study of women and gender in Southeast Asia is relatively new, and has concentrated almost exclusively on the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. This article provides a deeper base to the discussion by examining changing attitudes toward sexual relationships between foreign men and local women during the early modern period. When Europeans arrived in the region in the early sixteenth century, they found that foreign traders commonly entered into a temporary marriage with local women who also helped them in trade. The rise of patriarchal states, penetration of elite values, increase in the number of foreign males, expansion of urban centers, and growth of prostitution acted together to change attitudes toward sexuality. Because foreigners increasingly preferred slaves or ex-slaves who could act as both servants and sexual partners, the status of the temporary wife was permanently eroded.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
The historical study of women and gender in Southeast Asia is relatively new, and has concentrated almost exclusively on the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. This article provides a deeper base to the discussion by examining changing attitudes toward sexual relationships between foreign men and local women during the early modern period. When Europeans arrived in the region in the early sixteenth century, they found that foreign traders commonly entered into a temporary marriage with local women who also helped them in trade. The rise of patriarchal states, penetration of elite values, increase in the number of foreign males, expansion of urban centers, and growth of prostitution acted together to change attitudes toward sexuality. Because foreigners increasingly preferred slaves or ex-slaves who could act as both servants and sexual partners, the status of the temporary wife was permanently eroded.