Bjarke Frellesvig
2021
Frellesvig, Bjarke; Wrona, Janick
The Old Japanese case marking system: Ergative, accusative or neither? Journal Article
In: 2021.
@article{Frellesvig2021b,
title = {The Old Japanese case marking system: Ergative, accusative or neither?},
author = {Bjarke Frellesvig and Janick Wrona},
year = {2021},
date = {2021-07-05},
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Frellesvig, Bjarke
A New Interpretation of a Passage In The Hôjôki Journal Article
In: pp. 69-88, 2021.
@article{Frellesvig2021bb,
title = {A New Interpretation of a Passage In The Hôjôki},
author = {Bjarke Frellesvig},
year = {2021},
date = {2021-07-05},
pages = {69-88},
abstract = {This paper examines the English-language translation of Hōjōki by famed novelist Natsume Sōseki (1867–1916). Sōseki’s pioneering translation moved away from previous interpretive readings of the classic, which focused on its Buddhist elements, disaster narratives, and theme of reclusion. Rather, Sōseki’s interest lay in reading Hōjōki as a Romantic Victorian work on nature, to which end he likened its author, Kamo no Chōmei (1153 or 1155–1216), to English poet William Wordsworth (1770–1850). Sōseki’s English literature professor, James Main Dixon (1856–1933), played a crucial role in the crafting of this novel and radical interpretation, yet the translation and essay present unique views on translation as well, namely that translation simultaneously comprises a critical element of cultural circulation and yet is of dubious efficacy as a mechanism of transference between cultures and languages. In addition to bringing such matters to light, this critical analysis of Sōseki’s Hōjōki translation and essay also shows how important perspectives on translation that would appear later in the novelist’s career actually took shape during his university days.},
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This paper examines the English-language translation of Hōjōki by famed novelist Natsume Sōseki (1867–1916). Sōseki’s pioneering translation moved away from previous interpretive readings of the classic, which focused on its Buddhist elements, disaster narratives, and theme of reclusion. Rather, Sōseki’s interest lay in reading Hōjōki as a Romantic Victorian work on nature, to which end he likened its author, Kamo no Chōmei (1153 or 1155–1216), to English poet William Wordsworth (1770–1850). Sōseki’s English literature professor, James Main Dixon (1856–1933), played a crucial role in the crafting of this novel and radical interpretation, yet the translation and essay present unique views on translation as well, namely that translation simultaneously comprises a critical element of cultural circulation and yet is of dubious efficacy as a mechanism of transference between cultures and languages. In addition to bringing such matters to light, this critical analysis of Sōseki’s Hōjōki translation and essay also shows how important perspectives on translation that would appear later in the novelist’s career actually took shape during his university days.
Frellesvig, Bjarke; Whitman, John
Proto-Japanese: Issues and Prospects. (Amsterdam Studies in the Theory and History of Linguistic Science. Series IV — Current Issues in Linguistic Theory 249.) Journal Article
In: pp. 229 pages, 2021, ISBN: 9027248095.
@article{Frellesvig2021bb,
title = {Proto-Japanese: Issues and Prospects. (Amsterdam Studies in the Theory and History of Linguistic Science. Series IV — Current Issues in Linguistic Theory 249.)},
author = {Bjarke Frellesvig and John Whitman},
isbn = {9027248095},
year = {2021},
date = {2021-07-05},
pages = {229 pages},
abstract = {In a recent publication titled "Proto-Japanese: Issues and Prospects", Frellesvig and Whitman revise the re-construction of proto-Japanese, which they define in the opening line as (1:) "the reconstructed language from which all later varieties of Japanese descend." Reconstructions proposed by various specialists in the field are organized in four subject areas: I phoneme inventory, II use of dialects, III accent and IV morpho-syntax. The methods that are employed are internal reconstruction, especially applied to Old Japanese and, dialect comparison, including the varieties of the Ryukyus. Incorporating some references to Korean parallels in passing, external comparison is limited to an absolute minimum. The primary goal of this book is described as (2): "to present new research which advances our understanding of pJ". In the present review article I will argue that al-though this volume gives a clear overview of recent research and presents a state-of-the-art analysis of certain important issues in the field, the primary goal could have been reached more successfully. This is due to the fact that the editors have chosen to leave out a valuable source of information that may acceler-ate our understanding of proto-Japanese, namely the historical comparison of Japanese with the other Al-taic languages. In what follows I intend to give some indications of how external comparison can shed light on the reconstruction of proto-Japanese, by creating new insights and by supporting the insights devel-oped in this volume. But the significance of the com-parative method in this context also goes the other way around: the reconstruction of proto-Altaic be-comes less problematic as our understanding of proto-Japanese advances. When we intend to crack the ge-netic code of Japanese, we should not only examine its offspring, but also its ancestors.},
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In a recent publication titled "Proto-Japanese: Issues and Prospects", Frellesvig and Whitman revise the re-construction of proto-Japanese, which they define in the opening line as (1:) "the reconstructed language from which all later varieties of Japanese descend." Reconstructions proposed by various specialists in the field are organized in four subject areas: I phoneme inventory, II use of dialects, III accent and IV morpho-syntax. The methods that are employed are internal reconstruction, especially applied to Old Japanese and, dialect comparison, including the varieties of the Ryukyus. Incorporating some references to Korean parallels in passing, external comparison is limited to an absolute minimum. The primary goal of this book is described as (2): "to present new research which advances our understanding of pJ". In the present review article I will argue that al-though this volume gives a clear overview of recent research and presents a state-of-the-art analysis of certain important issues in the field, the primary goal could have been reached more successfully. This is due to the fact that the editors have chosen to leave out a valuable source of information that may acceler-ate our understanding of proto-Japanese, namely the historical comparison of Japanese with the other Al-taic languages. In what follows I intend to give some indications of how external comparison can shed light on the reconstruction of proto-Japanese, by creating new insights and by supporting the insights devel-oped in this volume. But the significance of the com-parative method in this context also goes the other way around: the reconstruction of proto-Altaic be-comes less problematic as our understanding of proto-Japanese advances. When we intend to crack the ge-netic code of Japanese, we should not only examine its offspring, but also its ancestors.
Frellesvig, Bjarke; Whitman, John
The Japanese/Korean Vowel Correspondences Journal Article
In: 2021.
@article{Frellesvig2021bb,
title = {The Japanese/Korean Vowel Correspondences},
author = {Bjarke Frellesvig and John Whitman},
year = {2021},
date = {2021-07-05},
abstract = { Korean and Japanese share cognate vocabulary, at least some of it the result of contact. Recent advances in the reconstruction of the vowel system of Proto-Japanese (including Ryûkyûan) enable us to clarify and distinguish the vowel correspondences that hold for later loan vocabulary as well as earlier cognate material. Various types of evidence point to a PJ system of seven vowels, including two mid vowels, *e and *o, which rose in most positions to merge with *i and *u in main island varieties; and a high central vowel *, which merged with the ancestor of Old Japanese o. Evidence for the latter comes from variable outcomes in contractions with *i. The seven vowel system for Japanese is reconstructed entirely on Japaneseinternal grounds (primarily internal reconstruction and dialect comparison), but it turns out to have interesting consequences for the comparative study of Japanese and Korean. The paper is organized as follows: Section 2 presents our reconstruction of the vowels of Proto-Japanese based on internal criteria. Section 3 focuses on the comparative consequences of this reconstruction, addresses the issue of dating cognate vocabulary, and proposes a new view of the preMiddle Korean vowel system.},
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Korean and Japanese share cognate vocabulary, at least some of it the result of contact. Recent advances in the reconstruction of the vowel system of Proto-Japanese (including Ryûkyûan) enable us to clarify and distinguish the vowel correspondences that hold for later loan vocabulary as well as earlier cognate material. Various types of evidence point to a PJ system of seven vowels, including two mid vowels, *e and *o, which rose in most positions to merge with *i and *u in main island varieties; and a high central vowel *, which merged with the ancestor of Old Japanese o. Evidence for the latter comes from variable outcomes in contractions with *i. The seven vowel system for Japanese is reconstructed entirely on Japaneseinternal grounds (primarily internal reconstruction and dialect comparison), but it turns out to have interesting consequences for the comparative study of Japanese and Korean. The paper is organized as follows: Section 2 presents our reconstruction of the vowels of Proto-Japanese based on internal criteria. Section 3 focuses on the comparative consequences of this reconstruction, addresses the issue of dating cognate vocabulary, and proposes a new view of the preMiddle Korean vowel system.
Frellesvig, Bjarke; Aoki, Hirofumi
Verb verb complex predicates in Old and Middle Japanese Book Chapter
In: pp. 44-69, Oxford Scholarship Online, 2021, ISBN: 9780198759508.
@inbook{Frellesvig2021,
title = {Verb verb complex predicates in Old and Middle Japanese},
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date = {2021-02-25},
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abstract = {This chapter describes the main features of Verb Verb complex predicates in Old and Middle Japanese (8th to 16th centuries) and discusses changes that took place between Old Japanese and Modern Japanese. Old Japanese had complex verbal predicate constructions which resemble the Modern Japanese Types 1–3, and in addition a V1 aktionsart verb construction, which is not found in later stages and which is hypothesized to have played a crucial role in the development of complex predicates in Japanese. The wordhood of complex verbal predicates is addressed. Verb Verb complex predicates did not constitute tight morphological units in Old and Early Middle Japanese, but developed into morphological words in Late Middle and Modern Japanese. It is proposed that the loss of subordinating function of the infinitive played an important part in this change. It is also observed that the Modern Japanese Type 4 (V te V) is a Late Middle Japanese innovation which is not a prototypical complex predicate verb construction but rather an auxiliary verb construction.},
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This chapter describes the main features of Verb Verb complex predicates in Old and Middle Japanese (8th to 16th centuries) and discusses changes that took place between Old Japanese and Modern Japanese. Old Japanese had complex verbal predicate constructions which resemble the Modern Japanese Types 1–3, and in addition a V1 aktionsart verb construction, which is not found in later stages and which is hypothesized to have played a crucial role in the development of complex predicates in Japanese. The wordhood of complex verbal predicates is addressed. Verb Verb complex predicates did not constitute tight morphological units in Old and Early Middle Japanese, but developed into morphological words in Late Middle and Modern Japanese. It is proposed that the loss of subordinating function of the infinitive played an important part in this change. It is also observed that the Modern Japanese Type 4 (V te V) is a Late Middle Japanese innovation which is not a prototypical complex predicate verb construction but rather an auxiliary verb construction.
2019
Frellesvig, Bjarke
From preverbal to postverbal in the early history of Japanese Book Chapter
In: pp. 233-251, University of Oxford, 2019.
@inbook{Frellesvig2019,
title = {From preverbal to postverbal in the early history of Japanese},
author = {Bjarke Frellesvig},
doi = {10.1075/cilt.345.10fre},
year = {2019},
date = {2019-06-15},
pages = {233-251},
publisher = {University of Oxford},
abstract = {Old Japanese (largely 8th century AD; “OJ”) is, like Middle and Modern Japanese, a typical SOV language and also shares with them a complex predicate construction consisting of two adjacent verbs, V1 V2, of which V2 has some grammatical function, (i). However, OJ in addition has a complex predicate construction in which V1 is grammatical and V2 is the main verb, (ii), which seems anomalous in an SOV language and which is not found in Middle or Modern Japanese.
(i)
NJ nomi-au (lit. ‘drink-meet’) ‘drink together’
(ii)
OJ api nomu (lit. ‘meet drink’) ‘drink together’
Situated within a classical version of Henning Andersen’s language change theory, this paper offers a diachronic interpretation of the OJ construction in (ii) as a transient stage in the emergence of the complex predicate construction in (i), which may be understood as having arisen through categorial reinterpretation of preverbal adverbial material as grammatical, reflected in (ii), followed by a structurally motivated shift to postverbal position, reflected in (i). This proposal is further generalized to account for several grammatical suffixes in Japanese as having originated in similar sets of innovations, specifically the prohibitive final particle na, negative -(a)n-, conjectural -(a)m-, necessitive be‑ and negative potential masizi.},
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Old Japanese (largely 8th century AD; “OJ”) is, like Middle and Modern Japanese, a typical SOV language and also shares with them a complex predicate construction consisting of two adjacent verbs, V1 V2, of which V2 has some grammatical function, (i). However, OJ in addition has a complex predicate construction in which V1 is grammatical and V2 is the main verb, (ii), which seems anomalous in an SOV language and which is not found in Middle or Modern Japanese.
(i)
NJ nomi-au (lit. ‘drink-meet’) ‘drink together’
(ii)
OJ api nomu (lit. ‘meet drink’) ‘drink together’
Situated within a classical version of Henning Andersen’s language change theory, this paper offers a diachronic interpretation of the OJ construction in (ii) as a transient stage in the emergence of the complex predicate construction in (i), which may be understood as having arisen through categorial reinterpretation of preverbal adverbial material as grammatical, reflected in (ii), followed by a structurally motivated shift to postverbal position, reflected in (i). This proposal is further generalized to account for several grammatical suffixes in Japanese as having originated in similar sets of innovations, specifically the prohibitive final particle na, negative -(a)n-, conjectural -(a)m-, necessitive be‑ and negative potential masizi.
(i)
NJ nomi-au (lit. ‘drink-meet’) ‘drink together’
(ii)
OJ api nomu (lit. ‘meet drink’) ‘drink together’
Situated within a classical version of Henning Andersen’s language change theory, this paper offers a diachronic interpretation of the OJ construction in (ii) as a transient stage in the emergence of the complex predicate construction in (i), which may be understood as having arisen through categorial reinterpretation of preverbal adverbial material as grammatical, reflected in (ii), followed by a structurally motivated shift to postverbal position, reflected in (i). This proposal is further generalized to account for several grammatical suffixes in Japanese as having originated in similar sets of innovations, specifically the prohibitive final particle na, negative -(a)n-, conjectural -(a)m-, necessitive be‑ and negative potential masizi.
2015
Frellesvig, Bjarke; Horn, Stephen W.; Yanagida, Yuko
Differential Object Marking in Old Japanese Book Chapter
In: pp. 195-212, Historical Linguistics, 2015.
@inbook{Frellesvig2015,
title = {Differential Object Marking in Old Japanese},
author = {Bjarke Frellesvig and Stephen W. Horn and Yuko Yanagida},
doi = {10.1075/cilt.334.11fre},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
pages = {195-212},
publisher = { Historical Linguistics},
abstract = {Within the past few decades, various proposals have been made about marking of objects in Old Japanese (e.g., Matsunaga 1983, Motohashi 1989, Yanagida 2006, Kuroda 2008, Yanagida & Whitman 2009, Wrona & Frellesvig 2010, Kinsui 2011, Miyagawa 2012), but there is still no consensus about the exact circumstances determining when direct objects are bare or accusative case marked in Old Japanese. We use the material in the Oxford Corpus of Old Japanese to examine in detail the distribution of bare and accusative case marked objects in Old Japanese texts and show that Old Japanese had ‘differential object marking (DOM)’ associated with a specific/non-specific distinction (Yanagida & Whitman 2009). Thus, in Old Japanese, accusative case marked objects are specific, but bare objects are non-specific. This paper briefly discusses cases in which accusative case is dropped from specific objects.},
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Within the past few decades, various proposals have been made about marking of objects in Old Japanese (e.g., Matsunaga 1983, Motohashi 1989, Yanagida 2006, Kuroda 2008, Yanagida & Whitman 2009, Wrona & Frellesvig 2010, Kinsui 2011, Miyagawa 2012), but there is still no consensus about the exact circumstances determining when direct objects are bare or accusative case marked in Old Japanese. We use the material in the Oxford Corpus of Old Japanese to examine in detail the distribution of bare and accusative case marked objects in Old Japanese texts and show that Old Japanese had ‘differential object marking (DOM)’ associated with a specific/non-specific distinction (Yanagida & Whitman 2009). Thus, in Old Japanese, accusative case marked objects are specific, but bare objects are non-specific. This paper briefly discusses cases in which accusative case is dropped from specific objects.
2010
Frellesvig, Bjarke
A history of the Japanese language Journal Article
In: A History of the Japanese Language, pp. 1-436, 2010.
@article{Frellesvig2010,
title = {A history of the Japanese language},
author = {Bjarke Frellesvig},
doi = {10.1017/CBO9780511778322},
year = {2010},
date = {2010-01-01},
journal = {A History of the Japanese Language},
pages = {1-436},
abstract = {Bjarke Frellesvig describes the development of the Japanese language from its recorded beginnings until the present day as reflected by the written sources and historical record. Beginning with a description of the oldest attested stage of the language, Old Japanese (approximately the eighth century AD), and then tracing the changes which occurred through the Early Middle Japanese (800-1200), Late Middle Japanese (1200-1600) and the Modern Japanese (1600-onwards) periods, a complete internal history of the language is examined and discussed. This account provides a comprehensive study of how the Japanese language has developed and adapted, providing a much needed resource for scholars. A History of the Japanese Language is invaluable to all those interested in the Japanese language and also students of language change generally.},
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Bjarke Frellesvig describes the development of the Japanese language from its recorded beginnings until the present day as reflected by the written sources and historical record. Beginning with a description of the oldest attested stage of the language, Old Japanese (approximately the eighth century AD), and then tracing the changes which occurred through the Early Middle Japanese (800-1200), Late Middle Japanese (1200-1600) and the Modern Japanese (1600-onwards) periods, a complete internal history of the language is examined and discussed. This account provides a comprehensive study of how the Japanese language has developed and adapted, providing a much needed resource for scholars. A History of the Japanese Language is invaluable to all those interested in the Japanese language and also students of language change generally.
2008
Frellesvig, Bjarke; Whitman, John
Evidence for seven vowels in proto-Japanese Book Chapter
In: pp. 15-41, Proto-Japanese: Issues and Prospects, 2008.
@inbook{Frellesvig2008,
title = {Evidence for seven vowels in proto-Japanese},
author = {Bjarke Frellesvig and John Whitman},
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Frellesvig, Bjarke
On reconstruction of proto-Japanese and pre-Old Japanese verb inflection Book Chapter
In: pp. 175-192, Proto-Japanese: Issues and Prospects, 2008.
@inbook{Frellesvig2008b,
title = {On reconstruction of proto-Japanese and pre-Old Japanese verb inflection},
author = {Bjarke Frellesvig},
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date = {2008-01-01},
journal = {On reconstruction of proto-Japanese and pre-Old Japanese verb inflection},
pages = {175-192},
publisher = {Proto-Japanese: Issues and Prospects},
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2004
Frellesvig, Bjarke; Whitman, John
The Vowels of Proto-Japanese Journal Article
In: Japanese Language and Literature, vol. 38, no. 2, pp. 281-299, 2004.
@article{Frellesvig2004,
title = {The Vowels of Proto-Japanese},
author = {Bjarke Frellesvig and John Whitman},
doi = {10.2307/4141291},
year = {2004},
date = {2004-10-01},
journal = {Japanese Language and Literature},
volume = {38},
number = {2},
pages = {281-299},
abstract = {Proto-Japanese is the reconstructed language stage from which all later varieties of Japanese, including Ryukyuan, descend. It has been studied both as an end in itself (as the genetic code of the Japanese language) and as part of endeavors to clarify the genetic affiliation of Japanese. Based on the state of the field, especially as represented in Samuel E. Martin's seminal work The Japanese Language Through Time (1987), this volume singles out key areas in the reconstruction of proto-Japanese where salient progress has been or promises to be made since Martin. Contributions were invited from scholars working on the following areas: segmental phonology, use of dialect evidence, accent, morphology, and syntax. While the book first of all presents new research which advances our understanding of proto-Japanese, it also gives an overview over the state of the art in the field and its main issues.},
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Proto-Japanese is the reconstructed language stage from which all later varieties of Japanese, including Ryukyuan, descend. It has been studied both as an end in itself (as the genetic code of the Japanese language) and as part of endeavors to clarify the genetic affiliation of Japanese. Based on the state of the field, especially as represented in Samuel E. Martin's seminal work The Japanese Language Through Time (1987), this volume singles out key areas in the reconstruction of proto-Japanese where salient progress has been or promises to be made since Martin. Contributions were invited from scholars working on the following areas: segmental phonology, use of dialect evidence, accent, morphology, and syntax. While the book first of all presents new research which advances our understanding of proto-Japanese, it also gives an overview over the state of the art in the field and its main issues.
2001
Frellesvig, Bjarke
A Common Korean and Japanese Copula Journal Article
In: Journal of East Asian Linguistics, vol. 10, no. 1, pp. 1-35, 2001.
@article{Frellesvig2001,
title = {A Common Korean and Japanese Copula},
author = {Bjarke Frellesvig},
doi = {10.1023/A:1026512817255},
year = {2001},
date = {2001-01-01},
journal = {Journal of East Asian Linguistics},
volume = {10},
number = {1},
pages = {1-35},
abstract = {This paper argues that a number of grammatical morphemes in Korean and Japanese are cognate and reflect two alternating copula roots: proto-Korean-Japanese *t- ∼ *n-. First, K ulo 'noun particle' and J to 'copula; particle' are compared; it is argued that they are root-related, exhibiting the sound correspondence K -l(-) :: J -t-; the functional similarity of J ni with K ulo and J to is also detailed (section 2). Second, the relation of to2 to other OJ forms in t- (tu 'genitive', -te 'gerund', -te/tu 'perfective') and of ni to forms in n- (no2, na 'genitive', no2 'adverbializer', -na/ni/nu 'perfective') is examined; it is argued that these forms reflect two alternating copula roots pJ *t- ∼ *n- (section 3). Third, the relation of ulo and its variant ula to other forms within K (primarily the copula variants ilo-, ila(-)) is discussed; it is proposed that these forms reflect a pre-MK copula root *l- < pK *t-, also reflected in a number of MK forms in t-(section 4). Finally, it is proposed that a number of K forms in n- take part in an alternation n- ∼ {t- ∼ -l-} within K, suggesting a pKJ copula root alternation *t- ∼ *n-, reflected as K {t- ∼ -l-} ∼ n :: J t ∼ n.},
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This paper argues that a number of grammatical morphemes in Korean and Japanese are cognate and reflect two alternating copula roots: proto-Korean-Japanese *t- ∼ *n-. First, K ulo 'noun particle' and J to 'copula; particle' are compared; it is argued that they are root-related, exhibiting the sound correspondence K -l(-) :: J -t-; the functional similarity of J ni with K ulo and J to is also detailed (section 2). Second, the relation of to2 to other OJ forms in t- (tu 'genitive', -te 'gerund', -te/tu 'perfective') and of ni to forms in n- (no2, na 'genitive', no2 'adverbializer', -na/ni/nu 'perfective') is examined; it is argued that these forms reflect two alternating copula roots pJ *t- ∼ *n- (section 3). Third, the relation of ulo and its variant ula to other forms within K (primarily the copula variants ilo-, ila(-)) is discussed; it is proposed that these forms reflect a pre-MK copula root *l- < pK *t-, also reflected in a number of MK forms in t-(section 4). Finally, it is proposed that a number of K forms in n- take part in an alternation n- ∼ {t- ∼ -l-} within K, suggesting a pKJ copula root alternation *t- ∼ *n-, reflected as K {t- ∼ -l-} ∼ n :: J t ∼ n.
2000
Frellesvig, Bjarke
Recent Changes in the Tonology of Kyoto Japanese Book Chapter
In: pp. 111, Historical Linguistics, 2000.
@inbook{Frellesvig2000,
title = {Recent Changes in the Tonology of Kyoto Japanese},
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1999
Frellesvig, Bjarke
The prosodic shape of -mono derivatives in Kyoto Japanese Journal Article
In: Acta Linguistica Hafniensia, vol. 31, no. 1, pp. 91-124, 1999.
@article{Frellesvig1999,
title = {The prosodic shape of -mono derivatives in Kyoto Japanese},
author = {Bjarke Frellesvig},
doi = {10.1080/03740463.1999.10415464},
year = {1999},
date = {1999-01-01},
journal = {Acta Linguistica Hafniensia},
volume = {31},
number = {1},
pages = {91-124},
abstract = {In Japanese, nouns may be derived from verbs by means of the suffix -mono. In Kyoto Japanese, this suffix exhibits interesting prosodic properties which hitherto have not been remarked upon in the literature: -mono derivatives form a systematic exception to the regularity whereby a complex word has the word tone of its initial constituent; this is preliminarily exemplified in (1) (in (1) and (2), phonetic high pitch is represented by boldface; see immediately below about the phonological interpretation): (1) kaimono ‘shopping’.},
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In Japanese, nouns may be derived from verbs by means of the suffix -mono. In Kyoto Japanese, this suffix exhibits interesting prosodic properties which hitherto have not been remarked upon in the literature: -mono derivatives form a systematic exception to the regularity whereby a complex word has the word tone of its initial constituent; this is preliminarily exemplified in (1) (in (1) and (2), phonetic high pitch is represented by boldface; see immediately below about the phonological interpretation): (1) kaimono ‘shopping’.
1998
Frellesvig, Bjarke; Wehmeyer, Ann
A Case Study in Diachronic Phonology: The Japanese Onbin Sound Changes Journal Article
In: Language, vol. 74, no. 3, pp. 681, 1998, ISBN: 9788772884899.
@article{Frellesvig1998,
title = {A Case Study in Diachronic Phonology: The Japanese Onbin Sound Changes},
author = {Bjarke Frellesvig and Ann Wehmeyer},
doi = {10.2307/417852},
isbn = {9788772884899},
year = {1998},
date = {1998-09-01},
journal = {Language},
volume = {74},
number = {3},
pages = {681},
abstract = {This publication is a large-scale application of Henning Andersen's theory of language and language change; a theory built on both C.S. Pierce's semiotic conceptual apparatus and the structural lingustics of Roman Jakobson, including his particular theory of distinctive features. Implementing the above framework consistently in this book, the author provides a possible explanation and understanding of both the origin and the specific course of the so-called onbin sound changes in Japanese, revealing relevant and interesting features of a subject hiterto not well understood.},
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This publication is a large-scale application of Henning Andersen's theory of language and language change; a theory built on both C.S. Pierce's semiotic conceptual apparatus and the structural lingustics of Roman Jakobson, including his particular theory of distinctive features. Implementing the above framework consistently in this book, the author provides a possible explanation and understanding of both the origin and the specific course of the so-called onbin sound changes in Japanese, revealing relevant and interesting features of a subject hiterto not well understood.
Frellesvig, Bjarke; Wehmeyer, Ann
A Case Study in Diachronic Phonology: The Japanese Onbin Sound Changes Journal Article
In: Language, vol. 74, no. 3, pp. 681, 1998, ISBN: 9788772884899.
@article{Frellesvig1998b,
title = {A Case Study in Diachronic Phonology: The Japanese Onbin Sound Changes},
author = {Bjarke Frellesvig and Ann Wehmeyer},
doi = {10.2307/417852},
isbn = {9788772884899},
year = {1998},
date = {1998-09-01},
journal = {Language},
volume = {74},
number = {3},
pages = {681},
abstract = {This publication is a large-scale application of Henning Andersen's theory of language and language change; a theory built on both C.S. Pierce's semiotic conceptual apparatus and the structural lingustics of Roman Jakobson, including his particular theory of distinctive features. Implementing the above framework consistently in this book, the author provides a possible explanation and understanding of both the origin and the specific course of the so-called onbin sound changes in Japanese, revealing relevant and interesting features of a subject hiterto not well understood.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
This publication is a large-scale application of Henning Andersen's theory of language and language change; a theory built on both C.S. Pierce's semiotic conceptual apparatus and the structural lingustics of Roman Jakobson, including his particular theory of distinctive features. Implementing the above framework consistently in this book, the author provides a possible explanation and understanding of both the origin and the specific course of the so-called onbin sound changes in Japanese, revealing relevant and interesting features of a subject hiterto not well understood.
Frellesvig, Bjarke; Wehmeyer, Ann
A Case Study in Diachronic Phonology: The Japanese Onbin Sound Changes Journal Article
In: Language, vol. 74, no. 3, pp. 681, 1998, ISBN: 9788772884899.
@article{Frellesvig1998b,
title = {A Case Study in Diachronic Phonology: The Japanese Onbin Sound Changes},
author = {Bjarke Frellesvig and Ann Wehmeyer},
doi = {10.2307/417852},
isbn = {9788772884899},
year = {1998},
date = {1998-09-01},
journal = {Language},
volume = {74},
number = {3},
pages = {681},
abstract = {This publication is a large-scale application of Henning Andersen's theory of language and language change; a theory built on both C.S. Pierce's semiotic conceptual apparatus and the structural lingustics of Roman Jakobson, including his particular theory of distinctive features. Implementing the above framework consistently in this book, the author provides a possible explanation and understanding of both the origin and the specific course of the so-called onbin sound changes in Japanese, revealing relevant and interesting features of a subject hiterto not well understood.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
This publication is a large-scale application of Henning Andersen's theory of language and language change; a theory built on both C.S. Pierce's semiotic conceptual apparatus and the structural lingustics of Roman Jakobson, including his particular theory of distinctive features. Implementing the above framework consistently in this book, the author provides a possible explanation and understanding of both the origin and the specific course of the so-called onbin sound changes in Japanese, revealing relevant and interesting features of a subject hiterto not well understood.
1997
Frellesvig, Bjarke; Starrs, Roy
Japan and Korea: Contemporary Studies Book
Aarhus University Press, 1997, ISBN: 87 7288 689 7.
@book{Frellesvig1997,
title = {Japan and Korea: Contemporary Studies},
author = {Bjarke Frellesvig and Roy Starrs},
isbn = {87 7288 689 7},
year = {1997},
date = {1997-09-19},
publisher = {Aarhus University Press},
abstract = {This wide-ranging, multidisciplinary collection of essays represents the latest scholarship on Japan from the Nordic countries as well as other parts of Europe and from the USA, Canada, Korea and Japan itself. The full range of contemporary Japan studies is covered here, from history, literature and philosophy to sociology, political science and linguistics. Within each discipline there is a rich diversity of offerings. Also represented are essays on the Korean language and on the Ryukyuan language.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {book}
}
This wide-ranging, multidisciplinary collection of essays represents the latest scholarship on Japan from the Nordic countries as well as other parts of Europe and from the USA, Canada, Korea and Japan itself. The full range of contemporary Japan studies is covered here, from history, literature and philosophy to sociology, political science and linguistics. Within each discipline there is a rich diversity of offerings. Also represented are essays on the Korean language and on the Ryukyuan language.
1994
Frellesvig, Bjarke
Morphemic tone and word tone in central Japanese Journal Article
In: Acta Linguistica Hafniensia:International Journal of Linguistics, vol. 27, no. 1, pp. 147-160, 1994.
@article{Frellesvig1994,
title = {Morphemic tone and word tone in central Japanese},
author = {Bjarke Frellesvig},
doi = {10.1080/03740463.1994.10420400},
year = {1994},
date = {1994-01-01},
journal = {Acta Linguistica Hafniensia:International Journal of Linguistics},
volume = {27},
number = {1},
pages = {147-160},
abstract = {In his 1963 paper “Morphemic Tone and Word Tone in Eastern Norwegian”, Jørgen Rischel discusses the lexical representation of morphemic tone and the relation between the tone of (isolated) words and the tone of their constituent morphemes. The overt emphasis is descriptive, but the issues he addresses are of importance to general theoretical linguistics, for they concern the very core of morphophonology in both its structural and generative aspect. Jørge n Rischel’s students will recognize this dual quality in his teaching. It is a pleasure for me to be able hereby to express in a small way my appreciation of the lessons I have learnt from Jørgen, not least in the course of his kind supervision of my doctoral work. I shall in this paper discuss some aspects of the morphotonology of central Japanese (typified by Kyoto, the former imperial capital) which has morphemic tone, like Norwegian, but unlike eastern Japanese (typified by Tokyo); central Japanese comprises central Honshu (including Kyoto and Osaka) and the greater part of Shikoku, but the following concerns especially Kyoto Japanese. In particular, I shall discuss the relation between the tone of isolated words and the tone of their constituent morphemes, showing that this is not always as straightforward as is usually assumed for central Japanese.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
In his 1963 paper “Morphemic Tone and Word Tone in Eastern Norwegian”, Jørgen Rischel discusses the lexical representation of morphemic tone and the relation between the tone of (isolated) words and the tone of their constituent morphemes. The overt emphasis is descriptive, but the issues he addresses are of importance to general theoretical linguistics, for they concern the very core of morphophonology in both its structural and generative aspect. Jørge n Rischel’s students will recognize this dual quality in his teaching. It is a pleasure for me to be able hereby to express in a small way my appreciation of the lessons I have learnt from Jørgen, not least in the course of his kind supervision of my doctoral work. I shall in this paper discuss some aspects of the morphotonology of central Japanese (typified by Kyoto, the former imperial capital) which has morphemic tone, like Norwegian, but unlike eastern Japanese (typified by Tokyo); central Japanese comprises central Honshu (including Kyoto and Osaka) and the greater part of Shikoku, but the following concerns especially Kyoto Japanese. In particular, I shall discuss the relation between the tone of isolated words and the tone of their constituent morphemes, showing that this is not always as straightforward as is usually assumed for central Japanese.
1991
Frellesvig, Bjarke
The Consonants of Old Japanese - A Phonological Interpretation Journal Article
In: pp. 1-9, 1991.
@article{Frellesvig1991,
title = {The Consonants of Old Japanese - A Phonological Interpretation},
author = {Bjarke Frellesvig},
year = {1991},
date = {1991-01-01},
pages = {1-9},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
1989
Frellesvig, Bjarke
The Emergence of the Syllable-Final Nasal Phoneme in Japanese Journal Article
In: Folia Linguistica Historica , vol. 8, no. 1-2, pp. 269-308, 1989.
@article{Frellesvig1989,
title = {The Emergence of the Syllable-Final Nasal Phoneme in Japanese},
author = {Bjarke Frellesvig},
doi = {10.1515/flih.1989.8.1-2.269},
year = {1989},
date = {1989-01-01},
journal = {Folia Linguistica Historica },
volume = {8},
number = {1-2},
pages = {269-308},
abstract = {In descriptions of present day Japanese phonology a plioneme/N/ is usuaUy set up, differing from /n, m/ in its distribution, arti-culation, and phonological weight (thus for instance Bloch 1950,Wenck 1966, Vance 1987, but cf come interesting remarks in Mar-tin 1959 in which the existence of this phoneme is questioned ondistributional grounds). It only occurs syllable-finally, its only dis-tinctive feature is nasality,1 and it counts äs one füll mora and issometimes called "syllabic" in reference to this quality (eg Miller1967). Ancient Japanese had no such phoneme. It had only opensyllables of the structure (C)V (Miller 1967, Syromiatnikov 1981) (orpossibly (C) (G)V (Vance 1987)),2 where a syllable of the structureV only occurred word initially.The emergence of the phoneme /N/ is the subject of this paper.It is a development poorly understood and hitherto no concensushas been reached on this issue. Miller (1967) summarizes it äs fol-lows:In the present state of the materials available to TIS, it is uofortunatelyall but impossible to describe the development of the Japanese syllabicnasal phoneme in any precise historical detail. (p. 210)In certain descriptions that emphasize or restrict themselvesto a phonetic point of view (eg Wenck 1959), however, it is not äsproblematic äs would seem from the above, but they do not seemto have attracted the attention they merit. My point of view shall* I am greatly indebted to Henning Anderson for the many valuablecomments he made on earlier versions of this paper.1 It may be articulated äs a consonant, a vowel, and its place of arti-culation is subject to much allophonic Variation.3 C, G, V are the usal abbreviations for classes of sounds or phonemes,denoting respectively consonants, glides (or semi-vowels), and vowels.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
In descriptions of present day Japanese phonology a plioneme/N/ is usuaUy set up, differing from /n, m/ in its distribution, arti-culation, and phonological weight (thus for instance Bloch 1950,Wenck 1966, Vance 1987, but cf come interesting remarks in Mar-tin 1959 in which the existence of this phoneme is questioned ondistributional grounds). It only occurs syllable-finally, its only dis-tinctive feature is nasality,1 and it counts äs one füll mora and issometimes called "syllabic" in reference to this quality (eg Miller1967). Ancient Japanese had no such phoneme. It had only opensyllables of the structure (C)V (Miller 1967, Syromiatnikov 1981) (orpossibly (C) (G)V (Vance 1987)),2 where a syllable of the structureV only occurred word initially.The emergence of the phoneme /N/ is the subject of this paper.It is a development poorly understood and hitherto no concensushas been reached on this issue. Miller (1967) summarizes it äs fol-lows:In the present state of the materials available to TIS, it is uofortunatelyall but impossible to describe the development of the Japanese syllabicnasal phoneme in any precise historical detail. (p. 210)In certain descriptions that emphasize or restrict themselvesto a phonetic point of view (eg Wenck 1959), however, it is not äsproblematic äs would seem from the above, but they do not seemto have attracted the attention they merit. My point of view shall* I am greatly indebted to Henning Anderson for the many valuablecomments he made on earlier versions of this paper.1 It may be articulated äs a consonant, a vowel, and its place of arti-culation is subject to much allophonic Variation.3 C, G, V are the usal abbreviations for classes of sounds or phonemes,denoting respectively consonants, glides (or semi-vowels), and vowels.