Howard Giles
2021
Giles, Howard; Bernhold, Quinten S.
In: Southern Communication Journal, pp. 1-13, 2021.
@article{Giles2021b,
title = {Romantic Partners’ Group-Based Identity Accommodation as a Predictor of Older Adults’ Romantic Relational Satisfaction and Depressive Symptoms: The Moderating Role of Shared Identity with Third-Party Family Members},
author = {Howard Giles and Quinten S. Bernhold},
doi = {10.1080/1041794X.2021.1957997},
year = {2021},
date = {2021-07-29},
urldate = {2021-07-29},
journal = {Southern Communication Journal},
pages = {1-13},
abstract = {This study’s purpose was to examine if older adults sharing a group identity with third-party family members moderated how older adults’ perceptions of receiving accommodation to the group identity from their romantic partner predicted older adults’ romantic relational satisfaction and depressive symptoms. Two-hundred and seventy-four older adults (MAge = 62.70 years) completed a self-report survey about their romantic partner’s communication. Perceptions of the romantic partner’s group-based identity accommodation significantly predicted romantic relational satisfaction and depressive symptoms when older adults did not share their identity with third-party family members. These associations were attenuated when older adults shared their identity with third-party family members. Ways to continue probing how dynamics in the larger family may influence the implications of accommodation are offered.},
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tppubtype = {article}
}
This study’s purpose was to examine if older adults sharing a group identity with third-party family members moderated how older adults’ perceptions of receiving accommodation to the group identity from their romantic partner predicted older adults’ romantic relational satisfaction and depressive symptoms. Two-hundred and seventy-four older adults (MAge = 62.70 years) completed a self-report survey about their romantic partner’s communication. Perceptions of the romantic partner’s group-based identity accommodation significantly predicted romantic relational satisfaction and depressive symptoms when older adults did not share their identity with third-party family members. These associations were attenuated when older adults shared their identity with third-party family members. Ways to continue probing how dynamics in the larger family may influence the implications of accommodation are offered.
Giles, Howard; Shepard, Carolyn
Communication Accommodation Theory Book Chapter
In: pp. 33-56, Wiley, 2021.
@inbook{Giles2021,
title = {Communication Accommodation Theory},
author = {Howard Giles and Carolyn Shepard},
year = {2021},
date = {2021-01-01},
urldate = {2021-01-01},
pages = {33-56},
publisher = {Wiley},
abstract = {Communication accommodation theory (CAT) is a general theoretical framework for both interpersonal and intergroup communication. It seeks to explain and predict why, when, and how people adjust their communicative behavior during social interaction (including mediated contact), and what social consequences might result from such adjustments. This entry provides an overview of what constitutes accommodative and nonaccommodative moves (with particular attention devoted, albeit not exclusively, to convergence and divergence). Previous CAT principles are modestly refined, and directions for future research suggested.},
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Communication accommodation theory (CAT) is a general theoretical framework for both interpersonal and intergroup communication. It seeks to explain and predict why, when, and how people adjust their communicative behavior during social interaction (including mediated contact), and what social consequences might result from such adjustments. This entry provides an overview of what constitutes accommodative and nonaccommodative moves (with particular attention devoted, albeit not exclusively, to convergence and divergence). Previous CAT principles are modestly refined, and directions for future research suggested.
Giles, Howard; Pines, Rachyl; and Bernadette Watson,
Managing patient aggression in healthcare: Initial testing of a communication accommodation theory intervention Journal Article
In: Psychology of Language and Communication, vol. 25, pp. 62 - 81, 2021.
@article{Giles2021c,
title = {Managing patient aggression in healthcare: Initial testing of a communication accommodation theory intervention},
author = {Howard Giles and Rachyl Pines and and Bernadette Watson},
doi = {10.2478/plc-2021-0004},
year = {2021},
date = {2021-01-01},
urldate = {2021-01-01},
journal = {Psychology of Language and Communication},
volume = {25},
pages = {62 - 81},
abstract = {Patient-perpetrated workplace violence (WPV) in healthcare is common. Although communication skills trainings are helpful, they may be strengthened by having a theoretical framework to improve replicability across contexts. This study developed and conducted an initial test of a training framed by Communication Accommodation Theory (CAT) using longitudinal mixed-methods surveys of healthcare professionals in an American primary care clinic to increase their self-efficacy, patient cooperation, and use of CAT strategies to de-escalate patient aggression. Results of the intervention indicate that the CAT training significantly increased professionals’ efficacy and reported patient cooperation over time. Findings showed that those who reported using more of the five CAT strategies also reported situations that they were able to de-escalate effectively. This initial test of a CAT training to prevent WPV demonstrates promise for the applicability of CAT strategies to de-escalate patient aggression, and the need to scale and test these trainings in settings that experience high WPV levels.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Patient-perpetrated workplace violence (WPV) in healthcare is common. Although communication skills trainings are helpful, they may be strengthened by having a theoretical framework to improve replicability across contexts. This study developed and conducted an initial test of a training framed by Communication Accommodation Theory (CAT) using longitudinal mixed-methods surveys of healthcare professionals in an American primary care clinic to increase their self-efficacy, patient cooperation, and use of CAT strategies to de-escalate patient aggression. Results of the intervention indicate that the CAT training significantly increased professionals’ efficacy and reported patient cooperation over time. Findings showed that those who reported using more of the five CAT strategies also reported situations that they were able to de-escalate effectively. This initial test of a CAT training to prevent WPV demonstrates promise for the applicability of CAT strategies to de-escalate patient aggression, and the need to scale and test these trainings in settings that experience high WPV levels.
2020
Giles, Howard; Pines, Rachyl; Watson, Bernadette
Managing patient aggression during registration: in preparation of implementing Affordable Care Act (ACA) 1557 intake questions Journal Article
In: Qualitative Research Reports in Communication, pp. 1 - 10, 2020.
@article{Giles2020,
title = {Managing patient aggression during registration: in preparation of implementing Affordable Care Act (ACA) 1557 intake questions},
author = {Howard Giles and Rachyl Pines and Bernadette Watson},
doi = {10.1080/17459435.2020.1836018},
year = {2020},
date = {2020-11-02},
urldate = {2020-11-02},
journal = {Qualitative Research Reports in Communication},
pages = {1 - 10},
abstract = {Health professionals face high rates of workplace violence from patients. This study systematically informed registration staff about pre-violent behaviors and tested its impacts on staff approaches to aggression. In this study, staff were concerned that the implementation of the new patient registration questions as mandated by the Affordable Care Act 1557 would cause patients to become aggressive. Using an open-ended questionnaire, this study involved the training of 74 staff at a Central California hospital who perform patient registration, in managing potential patient aggression during the new registration process and tested the effectiveness of the training. Results suggest that trainings are successful in helping staff identify pre-violent behaviors, use newly learned de-escalation strategies, and approach patient aggression from an appropriate perspective. Communication skill trainings are useful for teaching staff to identify patient pre-violent behaviors, and improving staff attitudes and approaches toward patient aggression. Hospitals should educate staff about the causes of patient aggression, and communication strategies to de-escalate. Lastly, staff should be encouraged to make external attributions for patient aggression.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Health professionals face high rates of workplace violence from patients. This study systematically informed registration staff about pre-violent behaviors and tested its impacts on staff approaches to aggression. In this study, staff were concerned that the implementation of the new patient registration questions as mandated by the Affordable Care Act 1557 would cause patients to become aggressive. Using an open-ended questionnaire, this study involved the training of 74 staff at a Central California hospital who perform patient registration, in managing potential patient aggression during the new registration process and tested the effectiveness of the training. Results suggest that trainings are successful in helping staff identify pre-violent behaviors, use newly learned de-escalation strategies, and approach patient aggression from an appropriate perspective. Communication skill trainings are useful for teaching staff to identify patient pre-violent behaviors, and improving staff attitudes and approaches toward patient aggression. Hospitals should educate staff about the causes of patient aggression, and communication strategies to de-escalate. Lastly, staff should be encouraged to make external attributions for patient aggression.
Giles, Howard; Bernhold, Quinten; Dunbar, Norah
Accommodation and nonaccommodation as predictors of instrumental caregiving intentions and expectations in grandparent-grandchild relationships Journal Article
In: Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, vol. 38, no. 1, 2020, ISBN: 026540752096023.
@article{Giles2020b,
title = {Accommodation and nonaccommodation as predictors of instrumental caregiving intentions and expectations in grandparent-grandchild relationships},
author = {Howard Giles and Quinten Bernhold and Norah Dunbar},
doi = {10.1177/0265407520960235},
isbn = {026540752096023},
year = {2020},
date = {2020-09-23},
urldate = {2020-09-23},
journal = {Journal of Social and Personal Relationships},
volume = {38},
number = {1},
abstract = {This dyadic study examined how grandparents’ and grandchildren’s perceptions of receiving accommodation, overaccommodation, and underaccommodation were indirectly associated with grandchildren’s intentions to provide instrumental care and grandparents’ expectations that they would receive instrumental care, via both parties’ communication satisfaction. For grandchildren, a series of indirect associations emerged: Grandchildren’s perceptions of receiving accommodation positively predicted grandchildren’s communication satisfaction; grandchildren’s perceptions of receiving overaccommodation and underaccommodation negatively predicted grandchildren’s communication satisfaction. Grandchildren’s communication satisfaction then positively predicted grandchildren’s intentions to provide instrumental care. In contrast, no indirect associations emerged involving the grandparent versions of the variables. Rather, for grandparents, a direct association was observed: Grandparents’ perceptions of receiving accommodation directly and positively predicted grandparents’ expectations to receive instrumental care. This discrepancy in results (indirect associations for grandchildren, a direct association for grandparents) is discussed in terms of the mediating mechanism phase of communication accommodation theory scholarship.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
This dyadic study examined how grandparents’ and grandchildren’s perceptions of receiving accommodation, overaccommodation, and underaccommodation were indirectly associated with grandchildren’s intentions to provide instrumental care and grandparents’ expectations that they would receive instrumental care, via both parties’ communication satisfaction. For grandchildren, a series of indirect associations emerged: Grandchildren’s perceptions of receiving accommodation positively predicted grandchildren’s communication satisfaction; grandchildren’s perceptions of receiving overaccommodation and underaccommodation negatively predicted grandchildren’s communication satisfaction. Grandchildren’s communication satisfaction then positively predicted grandchildren’s intentions to provide instrumental care. In contrast, no indirect associations emerged involving the grandparent versions of the variables. Rather, for grandparents, a direct association was observed: Grandparents’ perceptions of receiving accommodation directly and positively predicted grandparents’ expectations to receive instrumental care. This discrepancy in results (indirect associations for grandchildren, a direct association for grandparents) is discussed in terms of the mediating mechanism phase of communication accommodation theory scholarship.
Giles, Howard; Bernhold, Quinten S.
Group-based identity accommodation in older adults’ romantic relationships Journal Article
In: Communication Quarterly, vol. 64, no. 4, pp. 1-21, 2020.
@article{Giles2020c,
title = {Group-based identity accommodation in older adults’ romantic relationships},
author = {Howard Giles and Quinten S. Bernhold},
doi = {10.1080/01463373.2020.1804960},
year = {2020},
date = {2020-08-31},
urldate = {2020-08-31},
journal = {Communication Quarterly},
volume = {64},
number = {4},
pages = {1-21},
abstract = {In this study, older adults’ reports of their romantic partner’s accommodation based on older adults’ membership in three groups were examined as predictors of relational closeness and loneliness. The three groups were older adults’ most important, second-most important, and third-most important group affiliations. A two-way interaction involving accommodation based on membership in the second-most important and third-most important groups emerged in predicting relational closeness: Relational closeness remained consistently high when older adults perceived that their romantic partner engaged in high levels of accommodation based on older adults’ third-most important group, regardless of the level of accommodation based on older adults’ second-most important group. Relational closeness dropped most precipitously when accommodation based on both the second-most important and third-most important groups was low. Additionally, receiving accommodation based on the third-most important group predicted less loneliness at the main-effects level. Findings are discussed in terms of communication accommodation theory and identity layering.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
In this study, older adults’ reports of their romantic partner’s accommodation based on older adults’ membership in three groups were examined as predictors of relational closeness and loneliness. The three groups were older adults’ most important, second-most important, and third-most important group affiliations. A two-way interaction involving accommodation based on membership in the second-most important and third-most important groups emerged in predicting relational closeness: Relational closeness remained consistently high when older adults perceived that their romantic partner engaged in high levels of accommodation based on older adults’ third-most important group, regardless of the level of accommodation based on older adults’ second-most important group. Relational closeness dropped most precipitously when accommodation based on both the second-most important and third-most important groups was low. Additionally, receiving accommodation based on the third-most important group predicted less loneliness at the main-effects level. Findings are discussed in terms of communication accommodation theory and identity layering.
Giles, Howard; Gallois, Cynthia; Ota, Hiroshi; Pierson, Herbert D.; Ng, Sik Hung; Lim, Tae-Seop; Maher, John; Somera, Lilnabeth; Ryan, Ellen B.; Harwood, Jake
Intergenerational Communication across the Pacific Rim: The Impact of Filial Piety Book Chapter
In: pp. 192-211, Routledge, 2020, ISBN: 9781003077466.
@inbook{Giles2020d,
title = {Intergenerational Communication across the Pacific Rim: The Impact of Filial Piety},
author = {Howard Giles and Cynthia Gallois and Hiroshi Ota and Herbert D. Pierson and Sik Hung Ng and Tae-Seop Lim and John Maher and Lilnabeth Somera and Ellen B. Ryan and Jake Harwood},
doi = {10.1201/9781003077466-15},
isbn = {9781003077466},
year = {2020},
date = {2020-07-09},
urldate = {2020-07-09},
pages = {192-211},
publisher = {Routledge},
abstract = {Most research and theory in communication and ageing is derived from North America. This investigation is one of a series of comparative attempts to redress this imbalance by studying intergenerational communication patterns in Southeast and East Asian cultures as well as the West. In this study, we focused on filial piety, and administered our own initial measure of normative beliefs about it to over 1400 students in four Western (United States, Australia, Canada and New Zealand) and four East and Southeast Asian (Japan, Korea, Hong Kong and The Philippines) sites. Three-mode factor analyses indicated that overall, participants in the study distinguished between younger and older people and family members and people outside the family in their judgements of filial piety. In addition, subjects’ responses fell into dimensions of practical support versus communication, and respect versus contact and support. Results also indicated differences between what young people should give to their elderly parents (practical support), what parents expect (continued contact with their children) and what older adults in general expect (respect). Students from Asian cultures showed a sharper distinction than did Western students between what they intended to provide (practical support) and what they perceived their parents and older adults to expect (continued contact and respect), although this difference was not great. Finally, MANOVAs indicated that Asian students felt more obliged to give practical support than did Westerners, while the latter put more emphasis on continued communication and contact with older adults. Interestingly, Asian participants reported that their intentions to care for and communicatively support older people were lower than that expected of them, whereas Western participants claimed that they personally would provide more support of all types than was expected of them.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inbook}
}
Most research and theory in communication and ageing is derived from North America. This investigation is one of a series of comparative attempts to redress this imbalance by studying intergenerational communication patterns in Southeast and East Asian cultures as well as the West. In this study, we focused on filial piety, and administered our own initial measure of normative beliefs about it to over 1400 students in four Western (United States, Australia, Canada and New Zealand) and four East and Southeast Asian (Japan, Korea, Hong Kong and The Philippines) sites. Three-mode factor analyses indicated that overall, participants in the study distinguished between younger and older people and family members and people outside the family in their judgements of filial piety. In addition, subjects’ responses fell into dimensions of practical support versus communication, and respect versus contact and support. Results also indicated differences between what young people should give to their elderly parents (practical support), what parents expect (continued contact with their children) and what older adults in general expect (respect). Students from Asian cultures showed a sharper distinction than did Western students between what they intended to provide (practical support) and what they perceived their parents and older adults to expect (continued contact and respect), although this difference was not great. Finally, MANOVAs indicated that Asian students felt more obliged to give practical support than did Westerners, while the latter put more emphasis on continued communication and contact with older adults. Interestingly, Asian participants reported that their intentions to care for and communicatively support older people were lower than that expected of them, whereas Western participants claimed that they personally would provide more support of all types than was expected of them.
Giles, Howard; Pines, Rachyl
Dancing while Aging: A Study on Benefits of Ballet for Older Women Journal Article
In: Anthropology & Aging, vol. 41, no. 1, pp. 83-94, 2020.
@article{Giles2020e,
title = {Dancing while Aging: A Study on Benefits of Ballet for Older Women},
author = {Howard Giles and Rachyl Pines},
doi = {10.5195/aa.2020.209},
year = {2020},
date = {2020-03-04},
urldate = {2020-03-04},
journal = {Anthropology & Aging},
volume = {41},
number = {1},
pages = {83-94},
abstract = {As people age, experiences of depression, loneliness and loss of physical capabilities can emerge. As with previous work on the benefits of music as an intervention for social belonging and valued social identity, dance may increase similar feelings. Although theoretical chapters have been written on dance as it relates to social identity, belonging, and health, little empirical work has been conducted on the benefits of ballet as a recreational activity for older adults. The study reported here is framed by the “communication ecology model of successful aging,” and modestly embellishes this framework based on this study’s findings. Using interviews from 24 American female recreational ballet dancers ranging in age from 23-87 in a small West Coast town, this study investigates, for the first time, how ballet is incorporated into their self-concept and physical, mental, and social experiences of aging. Findings indicate that participating regularly in ballet is a core aspect of most women’s self-concept and means of self-expression. All women discussed how ballet has improved their physical and mental wellness, helping them have a more positive experience of age-related changes. Results showed that most women regard ballet as a very social activity, such that it helps them to feel a sense of community or even kin-like relationships with the other people regularly in class. All women interviewed mentioned that ballet is so integrated into who they are that it is something they hope to do for as long as possible.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
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As people age, experiences of depression, loneliness and loss of physical capabilities can emerge. As with previous work on the benefits of music as an intervention for social belonging and valued social identity, dance may increase similar feelings. Although theoretical chapters have been written on dance as it relates to social identity, belonging, and health, little empirical work has been conducted on the benefits of ballet as a recreational activity for older adults. The study reported here is framed by the “communication ecology model of successful aging,” and modestly embellishes this framework based on this study’s findings. Using interviews from 24 American female recreational ballet dancers ranging in age from 23-87 in a small West Coast town, this study investigates, for the first time, how ballet is incorporated into their self-concept and physical, mental, and social experiences of aging. Findings indicate that participating regularly in ballet is a core aspect of most women’s self-concept and means of self-expression. All women discussed how ballet has improved their physical and mental wellness, helping them have a more positive experience of age-related changes. Results showed that most women regard ballet as a very social activity, such that it helps them to feel a sense of community or even kin-like relationships with the other people regularly in class. All women interviewed mentioned that ballet is so integrated into who they are that it is something they hope to do for as long as possible.
Giles, Howard; Bernhold, Quinten S.
Vocal Accommodation and Mimicry Journal Article
In: Journal of Nonverbal Behavior, vol. 44, no. 1, 2020.
@article{Giles2020f,
title = {Vocal Accommodation and Mimicry},
author = {Howard Giles and Quinten S. Bernhold},
doi = {10.1007/s10919-019-00317-y},
year = {2020},
date = {2020-03-01},
urldate = {2020-03-01},
journal = {Journal of Nonverbal Behavior},
volume = {44},
number = {1},
abstract = {Interlocutors make a variety of verbal and nonverbal adjustments to facilitate comprehension and enhance relational solidarity. This article examines research on vocal accommodation and mimicry as a specific subset of scholarship on nonverbal adjustments. We begin by introducing communication accommodation theory and discussing how accommodation is similar to and distinct from other related constructs (i.e., reciprocity, synchrony, and mimicry). Next, we discuss a variety of contexts in which researchers have studied vocal accommodation and mimicry, namely romantic and family communication, stranger and friend communication, professional communication, and persuasion. We end by outlining directions for future research, such as examining the implications of vocal accommodation for intergenerational family relationships, and the a priori factors that influence people’s ability and willingness to engage in vocal accommodation and mimicry.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
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Interlocutors make a variety of verbal and nonverbal adjustments to facilitate comprehension and enhance relational solidarity. This article examines research on vocal accommodation and mimicry as a specific subset of scholarship on nonverbal adjustments. We begin by introducing communication accommodation theory and discussing how accommodation is similar to and distinct from other related constructs (i.e., reciprocity, synchrony, and mimicry). Next, we discuss a variety of contexts in which researchers have studied vocal accommodation and mimicry, namely romantic and family communication, stranger and friend communication, professional communication, and persuasion. We end by outlining directions for future research, such as examining the implications of vocal accommodation for intergenerational family relationships, and the a priori factors that influence people’s ability and willingness to engage in vocal accommodation and mimicry.
Giles, Howard; Dunbar, Norah E.; Bernhold, Quinten; Adams, Aubrie; Giles, Matthew; Zamanzadeh, Nicole; Gangi, Katlyn; Coveleski, Samantha; Fujiwara, Ken
Strategic Synchrony and Rhythmic Similarity in Lies About Ingroup Affiliation Journal Article
In: Journal of Nonverbal Behavior, vol. 44, no. 4, pp. 1-20, 2020.
@article{Giles2020g,
title = {Strategic Synchrony and Rhythmic Similarity in Lies About Ingroup Affiliation},
author = {Howard Giles and Norah E. Dunbar and Quinten Bernhold and Aubrie Adams and Matthew Giles and Nicole Zamanzadeh and Katlyn Gangi and Samantha Coveleski and Ken Fujiwara },
doi = {10.1007/s10919-019-00321-2},
year = {2020},
date = {2020-03-01},
urldate = {2020-03-01},
journal = {Journal of Nonverbal Behavior},
volume = {44},
number = {4},
pages = {1-20},
abstract = {In an attempt to enhance the likelihood that a lie is perceived as truthful, deceivers might strategically attempt to build rapport in an interaction. Deceivers can build this rapport by coordinating behaviors with their interaction partners, thereby creating interpersonal synchrony. The goal of this study was to empirically test whether deceptive message senders strategically synchronize their behaviors with those of their receivers when speaking with an ingroup member about ingroup affiliation—where deception is not expected. We employed a 3 × 2 factorial design (N = 222 valid cases) in which the level of involvement enacted by partner one (high, low, or control) and the veracity of claims made by partner two (truth or deception) were manipulated. This paper discusses three findings that were observed in this study: (1) Consistent with the truth bias, most people perceived their partner as truthful (84%) or were unsure of the partner’s truthfulness. (2) Contrary to expectations, interaction partners rated deceivers lower than truth tellers in rapport and synchrony, but results indicated that greater involvement was related to increased synchronization and rapport. (3) Finally, both trained coders and automated spectrum analysis observed almost no difference between deceivers and truth-tellers in the interaction behaviors, but deceivers showed more synchrony in their faster movements. This demonstrates a relationship between synchrony and deception that can only be observed via automated analysis, suggesting an important avenue for future research.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
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In an attempt to enhance the likelihood that a lie is perceived as truthful, deceivers might strategically attempt to build rapport in an interaction. Deceivers can build this rapport by coordinating behaviors with their interaction partners, thereby creating interpersonal synchrony. The goal of this study was to empirically test whether deceptive message senders strategically synchronize their behaviors with those of their receivers when speaking with an ingroup member about ingroup affiliation—where deception is not expected. We employed a 3 × 2 factorial design (N = 222 valid cases) in which the level of involvement enacted by partner one (high, low, or control) and the veracity of claims made by partner two (truth or deception) were manipulated. This paper discusses three findings that were observed in this study: (1) Consistent with the truth bias, most people perceived their partner as truthful (84%) or were unsure of the partner’s truthfulness. (2) Contrary to expectations, interaction partners rated deceivers lower than truth tellers in rapport and synchrony, but results indicated that greater involvement was related to increased synchronization and rapport. (3) Finally, both trained coders and automated spectrum analysis observed almost no difference between deceivers and truth-tellers in the interaction behaviors, but deceivers showed more synchrony in their faster movements. This demonstrates a relationship between synchrony and deception that can only be observed via automated analysis, suggesting an important avenue for future research.
Giles, Howard; Adam, Robert; Giles, Matt
Testing the communication model of intergroup interdependence: the case of American and Canadian relations Journal Article
In: Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development, vol. 42, no. 6, pp. 1-11, 2020.
@article{Giles2020h,
title = {Testing the communication model of intergroup interdependence: the case of American and Canadian relations},
author = {Howard Giles and Robert Adam and Matt Giles},
doi = {10.1080/01434632.2020.1720220},
year = {2020},
date = {2020-02-03},
urldate = {2020-02-03},
journal = {Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development},
volume = {42},
number = {6},
pages = {1-11},
abstract = {This paper expands the theoretical base of intergroup and intercultural communication by testing a new communication model of interdependence (CMII), defined in terms of the embedded nature of groups Giles, M., R. Pines, H. Giles, and A. Gardikiotis. 2018. “Towards a Communication Model of Intergroup Interdependence.” Atlantic Journal of Communication 26 (2): 122–130. doi:10.1080/15456870.2018.1432222. Introducing a new visual representation of it, propositions of CMII are tested, by invoking relationships between the U.S. and Canada as they change over time. Relevant self-report outcomes include: social connectedness, language attitudes, and communication accommodation. How awareness of de-interdepending, and whether explicitly invoking the construct ‘interdependence’ is associated with outcomes, was also examined. Results indicated sufficient support for tenets of the theory to excite future empirical programmatic endeavours.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
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This paper expands the theoretical base of intergroup and intercultural communication by testing a new communication model of interdependence (CMII), defined in terms of the embedded nature of groups Giles, M., R. Pines, H. Giles, and A. Gardikiotis. 2018. “Towards a Communication Model of Intergroup Interdependence.” Atlantic Journal of Communication 26 (2): 122–130. doi:10.1080/15456870.2018.1432222. Introducing a new visual representation of it, propositions of CMII are tested, by invoking relationships between the U.S. and Canada as they change over time. Relevant self-report outcomes include: social connectedness, language attitudes, and communication accommodation. How awareness of de-interdepending, and whether explicitly invoking the construct ‘interdependence’ is associated with outcomes, was also examined. Results indicated sufficient support for tenets of the theory to excite future empirical programmatic endeavours.
2019
Giles, Howard
Epilogue: Gardner’s Far- Reaching Impact Beyond Language Learning Book Chapter
In: pp. 309-313, 2019, ISBN: 9781788925211.
@inbook{Giles2019,
title = {Epilogue: Gardner’s Far- Reaching Impact Beyond Language Learning},
author = {Howard Giles},
doi = {10.21832/9781788925211-020},
isbn = {9781788925211},
year = {2019},
date = {2019-12-31},
urldate = {2019-12-31},
pages = {309-313},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inbook}
}
Giles, Howard; Bernhold, Quinten S
Older Adults’ Recalled Memorable Messages about Aging and Their Associations with Successful Aging Journal Article
In: Human Communication Research, vol. 45, 2019.
@article{Giles2019b,
title = {Older Adults’ Recalled Memorable Messages about Aging and Their Associations with Successful Aging},
author = {Howard Giles and Quinten S Bernhold},
doi = {10.1093/hcr/hqz011},
year = {2019},
date = {2019-10-22},
urldate = {2019-10-22},
journal = {Human Communication Research},
volume = {45},
abstract = {Using the Communicative Ecology Model of Successful Aging (CEMSA), this study examined how one’s own age-related communication and memorable message characteristics indirectly predict successful aging, via aging efficacy. Older adults with higher dispositional hope recalled memorable messages as (a) higher in positivity, (b) higher in efficacy, and (c) more likely to contain a theme of aging not being important or being a subjective state that can be overcome with the right mindset. Older adults were classified as engaged, bantering, or disengaged agers, based on their own age-related communication. Uniquely for CEMSA’s development and the blended role of hope theory within it, memorable message efficacy indirectly predicted greater successful aging, via heightened aging efficacy.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
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Using the Communicative Ecology Model of Successful Aging (CEMSA), this study examined how one’s own age-related communication and memorable message characteristics indirectly predict successful aging, via aging efficacy. Older adults with higher dispositional hope recalled memorable messages as (a) higher in positivity, (b) higher in efficacy, and (c) more likely to contain a theme of aging not being important or being a subjective state that can be overcome with the right mindset. Older adults were classified as engaged, bantering, or disengaged agers, based on their own age-related communication. Uniquely for CEMSA’s development and the blended role of hope theory within it, memorable message efficacy indirectly predicted greater successful aging, via heightened aging efficacy.
Giles, Howard; Bernhold, Quinten S.
The Role of Grandchildren’s Own Age-Related Communication and Accommodation From Grandparents in Predicting Grandchildren’s Well-Being Journal Article
In: The International Journal of Aging and Human Development, vol. 91, no. 2, pp. 149-181, 2019, ISBN: 009141501985277 .
@article{Giles2019d,
title = {The Role of Grandchildren’s Own Age-Related Communication and Accommodation From Grandparents in Predicting Grandchildren’s Well-Being},
author = {Howard Giles and Quinten S. Bernhold},
doi = {10.1177/0091415019852775},
isbn = {009141501985277 },
year = {2019},
date = {2019-05-27},
urldate = {2019-05-27},
journal = {The International Journal of Aging and Human Development},
volume = {91},
number = {2},
pages = {149-181},
abstract = {This study examined how the accommodative environments experienced from grandparents and grandchildren’s own age-related communication are indirectly associated with grandchildren’s life satisfaction, depressive symptoms, and loneliness, via grandchildren’s self-efficacy with respect to aging. The communication experienced from grandparents was classified as accommodative, ambivalent, and mixed-accommodative chatter. Grandchildren were classified into engaged, disengaged, bantering, and disengaged-joking profiles based on their own age-related communication. Grandchildren who experienced accommodative chatter were likely to be engaged and disengaged communicators about age-related issues; grandchildren who experienced mixed-accommodative chatter were likely to be bantering communicators about age-related issues. Relative to engaged communicators, disengaged-joking communicators demonstrated lower life satisfaction, more depressive symptoms, and greater loneliness, via lower self-efficacy with respect to aging. Patterns of accommodation and nonaccommodation from grandparents may place grandchildren on specific trajectories for communicating about age, and grandchildren’s own communication may be consequential for well-being even at relatively young periods of the life span.},
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This study examined how the accommodative environments experienced from grandparents and grandchildren’s own age-related communication are indirectly associated with grandchildren’s life satisfaction, depressive symptoms, and loneliness, via grandchildren’s self-efficacy with respect to aging. The communication experienced from grandparents was classified as accommodative, ambivalent, and mixed-accommodative chatter. Grandchildren were classified into engaged, disengaged, bantering, and disengaged-joking profiles based on their own age-related communication. Grandchildren who experienced accommodative chatter were likely to be engaged and disengaged communicators about age-related issues; grandchildren who experienced mixed-accommodative chatter were likely to be bantering communicators about age-related issues. Relative to engaged communicators, disengaged-joking communicators demonstrated lower life satisfaction, more depressive symptoms, and greater loneliness, via lower self-efficacy with respect to aging. Patterns of accommodation and nonaccommodation from grandparents may place grandchildren on specific trajectories for communicating about age, and grandchildren’s own communication may be consequential for well-being even at relatively young periods of the life span.
Giles, Howard; Bernhold, Quinten S.
Older Adults’ Age-Related Communication and Routine Dietary Habits Journal Article
In: Health Communication, vol. 35, no. 12, pp. 1-9, 2019.
@article{Giles2019c,
title = {Older Adults’ Age-Related Communication and Routine Dietary Habits},
author = {Howard Giles and Quinten S. Bernhold},
doi = {10.1080/10410236.2019.1652391},
year = {2019},
date = {2019-05-25},
urldate = {2019-05-25},
journal = {Health Communication},
volume = {35},
number = {12},
pages = {1-9},
abstract = {Using the communicative ecology model of successful aging (CEMSA), this study examined whether or not older adults’ ways of communicating about a variety of age-related issues (e.g., making age-related excuses for their shortcomings, teasing other people about their age) predict older adults’ dietary habits. Participants were classified as engaged, bantering, and disengaged agers based on their own patterns of age-related communication. The probability of being an engaged ager positively predicted fruit consumption and negatively predicted soft drink consumption. The probability of being a bantering ager negatively predicted vegetable consumption. Results suggest the potential to expand the CEMSA’s boundary conditions to include routine dietary habits. Future researchers can build on these findings by utilizing additional methods to assess dietary habits and testing whether or not dietary habits mediate the associations between age-related communication and a variety of health problems.},
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}
Using the communicative ecology model of successful aging (CEMSA), this study examined whether or not older adults’ ways of communicating about a variety of age-related issues (e.g., making age-related excuses for their shortcomings, teasing other people about their age) predict older adults’ dietary habits. Participants were classified as engaged, bantering, and disengaged agers based on their own patterns of age-related communication. The probability of being an engaged ager positively predicted fruit consumption and negatively predicted soft drink consumption. The probability of being a bantering ager negatively predicted vegetable consumption. Results suggest the potential to expand the CEMSA’s boundary conditions to include routine dietary habits. Future researchers can build on these findings by utilizing additional methods to assess dietary habits and testing whether or not dietary habits mediate the associations between age-related communication and a variety of health problems.
Giles, Howard; Giles, Matt; Bernhold, Quinten
Cultural festivals as intergroup settings: a case study of Pacific Islander identification Journal Article
In: Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development, vol. 40, no. 9, pp. 1-15, 2019.
@article{Giles2019e,
title = {Cultural festivals as intergroup settings: a case study of Pacific Islander identification},
author = {Howard Giles and Matt Giles and Quinten Bernhold},
doi = {10.1080/01434632.2019.1569666},
year = {2019},
date = {2019-02-05},
urldate = {2019-02-05},
journal = {Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development},
volume = {40},
number = {9},
pages = {1-15},
abstract = {Addressing the current gap in the literature regarding cultural festivals as a unique site of intergroup discourse, we invoke social identity and group vitality theories to explore the effect of attending an international cultural festival on members of different groups. A total of 143 participants at the 2016 Festival of Pacific Arts in Guam completed surveys and interviews concerning identity salience. Measures of ethnic identity and meta-identity salience both increased (and interacted) after participation in the Festival, and the region of origin also had moderating effects. Standard paradigms regarding single identity salience are discussed as well as future avenues for intercultural work.},
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Addressing the current gap in the literature regarding cultural festivals as a unique site of intergroup discourse, we invoke social identity and group vitality theories to explore the effect of attending an international cultural festival on members of different groups. A total of 143 participants at the 2016 Festival of Pacific Arts in Guam completed surveys and interviews concerning identity salience. Measures of ethnic identity and meta-identity salience both increased (and interacted) after participation in the Festival, and the region of origin also had moderating effects. Standard paradigms regarding single identity salience are discussed as well as future avenues for intercultural work.
Giles, Howard; Giles, Matt; Bernhold, Quinten
Cultural festivals as intergroup settings: a case study of Pacific Islander identification Journal Article
In: Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development, vol. 40, no. 9, pp. 1-15, 2019.
@article{Giles2019f,
title = {Cultural festivals as intergroup settings: a case study of Pacific Islander identification},
author = {Howard Giles and Matt Giles and Quinten Bernhold},
doi = {10.1080/01434632.2019.1569666},
year = {2019},
date = {2019-02-05},
urldate = {2019-02-05},
journal = {Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development},
volume = {40},
number = {9},
pages = {1-15},
abstract = {Addressing the current gap in the literature regarding cultural festivals as a unique site of intergroup discourse, we invoke social identity and group vitality theories to explore the effect of attending an international cultural festival on members of different groups. A total of 143 participants at the 2016 Festival of Pacific Arts in Guam completed surveys and interviews concerning identity salience. Measures of ethnic identity and meta-identity salience both increased (and interacted) after participation in the Festival, and the region of origin also had moderating effects. Standard paradigms regarding single identity salience are discussed as well as future avenues for intercultural work.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
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Addressing the current gap in the literature regarding cultural festivals as a unique site of intergroup discourse, we invoke social identity and group vitality theories to explore the effect of attending an international cultural festival on members of different groups. A total of 143 participants at the 2016 Festival of Pacific Arts in Guam completed surveys and interviews concerning identity salience. Measures of ethnic identity and meta-identity salience both increased (and interacted) after participation in the Festival, and the region of origin also had moderating effects. Standard paradigms regarding single identity salience are discussed as well as future avenues for intercultural work.
2018
Giles, Howard; Icon, Jessica Gasiorek ORCID; Fowler, Craig
Communication and successful aging: Testing alternative conceptualizations of uncertainty Journal Article
In: Communication Monographs, vol. 86, no. 2, pp. 1-22, 2018.
@article{Giles2018,
title = {Communication and successful aging: Testing alternative conceptualizations of uncertainty},
author = {Howard Giles and Jessica Gasiorek ORCID Icon and Craig Fowler},
doi = {10.1080/03637751.2018.1538561},
year = {2018},
date = {2018-11-13},
urldate = {2018-11-13},
journal = {Communication Monographs},
volume = {86},
number = {2},
pages = {1-22},
abstract = {The communicative ecology model of successful aging (CEMSA), which theorizes how people’s communication can influence their experiences of successful aging, takes as axiomatic that aging involves uncertainty. In two studies, with data from the U.S. and the U.K., we compared the viability of two conceptualizations of uncertainty about aging in the CEMSA: the model’s original operationalization, uncertainty discrepancy, and an alternative, the perceived probability of negative experiences (PPNE) associated with aging. In both studies, uncertainty discrepancy and PPNE contributed independently to attitudes toward aging; PPNE emerged as a stronger predictor of people’s affective reactions to aging. These findings underscore the importance of multifaceted views of uncertainty for scholars of communication and aging.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
The communicative ecology model of successful aging (CEMSA), which theorizes how people’s communication can influence their experiences of successful aging, takes as axiomatic that aging involves uncertainty. In two studies, with data from the U.S. and the U.K., we compared the viability of two conceptualizations of uncertainty about aging in the CEMSA: the model’s original operationalization, uncertainty discrepancy, and an alternative, the perceived probability of negative experiences (PPNE) associated with aging. In both studies, uncertainty discrepancy and PPNE contributed independently to attitudes toward aging; PPNE emerged as a stronger predictor of people’s affective reactions to aging. These findings underscore the importance of multifaceted views of uncertainty for scholars of communication and aging.
Giles, Howard
Epilogue: A Celebration of the Scholarship of Howard Giles Book Chapter
In: pp. 306-318, Routledge, 2018, ISBN: 9781315142807.
@inbook{Giles2018b,
title = {Epilogue: A Celebration of the Scholarship of Howard Giles},
author = {Howard Giles},
doi = {10.4324/9781315142807-53},
isbn = {9781315142807},
year = {2018},
date = {2018-10-26},
urldate = {2018-10-26},
pages = {306-318},
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Giles, Howard; Ball, Peter; Hewstone, Miles
Interpersonal Accommodation and Situational Construals: An Integrative Formalisation Book Chapter
In: pp. 263-286, 2018, ISBN: 9780429436178.
@inbook{Giles2018c,
title = {Interpersonal Accommodation and Situational Construals: An Integrative Formalisation},
author = {Howard Giles and Peter Ball and Miles Hewstone},
isbn = {9780429436178},
year = {2018},
date = {2018-10-26},
urldate = {2018-10-26},
pages = {263-286},
abstract = {This chapter provides some existing contributions to sociolinguistic theory from social psychology. It discusses the social-psychological contribution to sociolinguistic theory through a process of formulation and formalisation of existing theoretical ideas and their progressive integration with each other. In a number of theoretical publications, Howard Giles and colleagues have been developing speech accommodation theory. Social-psychological writing on intergroup relations has highlighted the importance of specifically intergroup processes, emergent from the intergroup context itself, as they affect the experience and actions of individual group members. Social psychology’s key theoretical contribution to sociolinguistics has been to elucidate the psychological complexities underlying the distributions of linguistic markers according to setting, participants, goals and other social factors which D. Hymes and others have placed on the taxonomic agenda. Speech is involved in encounter definition by creating some of the data on which definitional models are built, and also as a medium through which they are negotiated and expressed.},
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pubstate = {published},
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This chapter provides some existing contributions to sociolinguistic theory from social psychology. It discusses the social-psychological contribution to sociolinguistic theory through a process of formulation and formalisation of existing theoretical ideas and their progressive integration with each other. In a number of theoretical publications, Howard Giles and colleagues have been developing speech accommodation theory. Social-psychological writing on intergroup relations has highlighted the importance of specifically intergroup processes, emergent from the intergroup context itself, as they affect the experience and actions of individual group members. Social psychology’s key theoretical contribution to sociolinguistics has been to elucidate the psychological complexities underlying the distributions of linguistic markers according to setting, participants, goals and other social factors which D. Hymes and others have placed on the taxonomic agenda. Speech is involved in encounter definition by creating some of the data on which definitional models are built, and also as a medium through which they are negotiated and expressed.
Giles, Howard; Choi, Charles W.; Khajavy, Gholam Hassan; Raddawi, Rana
Perceptions of police-civilian encounters: Intergroup and communication dimensions in the United Arab Emirates and the USA Journal Article
In: Journal of International and Intercultural Communication, vol. 12, no. 1, pp. 1-23, 2018.
@article{Giles2018d,
title = {Perceptions of police-civilian encounters: Intergroup and communication dimensions in the United Arab Emirates and the USA},
author = {Howard Giles and Charles W. Choi and Gholam Hassan Khajavy and Rana Raddawi},
doi = {10.1080/17513057.2018.1503317},
year = {2018},
date = {2018-08-06},
urldate = {2018-08-06},
journal = {Journal of International and Intercultural Communication},
volume = {12},
number = {1},
pages = {1-23},
abstract = {This study investigates the impact of perceived police accommodation on police–civilian interactions. Elaborating theoretically beyond a range of cross-cultural studies, we examine the cultural impact of accommodative communication in the United Arab Emirates and the USA, as the prior context demonstrates sociocultural parallels and differences including the influence of Sharia law. Between-country comparisons evaluate the mediating role of trust, affect, and intergroup orientation on various civic outcomes. Accommodative communication was the strongest predictor of trust for both nations and demonstrated a direct impact on moral alignment and willingness to help only in the United Arab Emirates.},
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This study investigates the impact of perceived police accommodation on police–civilian interactions. Elaborating theoretically beyond a range of cross-cultural studies, we examine the cultural impact of accommodative communication in the United Arab Emirates and the USA, as the prior context demonstrates sociocultural parallels and differences including the influence of Sharia law. Between-country comparisons evaluate the mediating role of trust, affect, and intergroup orientation on various civic outcomes. Accommodative communication was the strongest predictor of trust for both nations and demonstrated a direct impact on moral alignment and willingness to help only in the United Arab Emirates.
Giles, Howard; Bernhold, Quinten S.
Ethnic Differences in Grandparent–Grandchild Affectionate Communication Journal Article
In: Communication Reports, vol. 31, no. 3, pp. 1-15, 2018.
@article{Giles2018e,
title = {Ethnic Differences in Grandparent–Grandchild Affectionate Communication},
author = {Howard Giles and Quinten S. Bernhold},
doi = {10.1080/08934215.2018.1488984},
year = {2018},
date = {2018-07-24},
urldate = {2018-07-24},
journal = {Communication Reports},
volume = {31},
number = {3},
pages = {1-15},
abstract = {Researchers have repeatedly called for more careful attention to how ethnicity and culture influence grandparent–grandchild communication. Using affection exchange theory as our guiding lens, we examined how grandchildren’s perceptions of receiving affection from their grandparents differ according to grandparents’ ethnicity. After controlling for a range of potentially confounding factors, grandchildren of Asian American, European American, and Latina/o American grandparents differed in the love and esteem, caring, memories and humor, and celebratory affection they reported from grandparents. Grandparents’ ethnicity also moderated associations between love and esteem and closeness, as well as between memories and humor and closeness. Implications of these findings and directions for future research are considered.},
keywords = {},
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Researchers have repeatedly called for more careful attention to how ethnicity and culture influence grandparent–grandchild communication. Using affection exchange theory as our guiding lens, we examined how grandchildren’s perceptions of receiving affection from their grandparents differ according to grandparents’ ethnicity. After controlling for a range of potentially confounding factors, grandchildren of Asian American, European American, and Latina/o American grandparents differed in the love and esteem, caring, memories and humor, and celebratory affection they reported from grandparents. Grandparents’ ethnicity also moderated associations between love and esteem and closeness, as well as between memories and humor and closeness. Implications of these findings and directions for future research are considered.
Giles, Howard; Bernhold, Quinten S.; Gasiorek, Jessica
Communicative Predictors of Older Adults’ Successful Aging, Mental Health, and Alcohol Use Journal Article
In: The International Journal of Aging and Human Development, vol. 90, no. 2, 2018, ISBN: 009141501878471.
@article{Giles2018f,
title = {Communicative Predictors of Older Adults’ Successful Aging, Mental Health, and Alcohol Use},
author = {Howard Giles and Quinten S. Bernhold and Jessica Gasiorek},
doi = {10.1177/0091415018784715},
isbn = {009141501878471},
year = {2018},
date = {2018-07-08},
urldate = {2018-07-08},
journal = {The International Journal of Aging and Human Development},
volume = {90},
number = {2},
abstract = {We examined how older adults’ communication about age-related topics is related to aging efficacy, successful aging, and well-being. Guided by the communicative ecology model of successful aging, three profiles of “environmental chatter”—that is, patterns of accommodation and overaccommodation older adults received from relational partners—were identified: positive, mixed-positive, and negative. Four profiles of individuals’ own age-related communication were identified, including a new profile: gloomy agers. Chatter profile membership and own age-related communication profile membership indirectly predicted successful aging, depressive symptoms, loneliness, and perceptions of unhealthy alcohol consumption via aging efficacy, but not self-reported alcoholic drinks consumed. Communication by both older adults and their relational partners may be consequential to experiences of successful aging and well-being.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
We examined how older adults’ communication about age-related topics is related to aging efficacy, successful aging, and well-being. Guided by the communicative ecology model of successful aging, three profiles of “environmental chatter”—that is, patterns of accommodation and overaccommodation older adults received from relational partners—were identified: positive, mixed-positive, and negative. Four profiles of individuals’ own age-related communication were identified, including a new profile: gloomy agers. Chatter profile membership and own age-related communication profile membership indirectly predicted successful aging, depressive symptoms, loneliness, and perceptions of unhealthy alcohol consumption via aging efficacy, but not self-reported alcoholic drinks consumed. Communication by both older adults and their relational partners may be consequential to experiences of successful aging and well-being.
Giles, Howard; Gallois, Cindy; Watson, Bernadette M
Intergroup Communication: Identities and Effective Interactions Journal Article
In: Journal of Communication, vol. 68, no. 2, pp. 309-317, 2018.
@article{Giles2018g,
title = {Intergroup Communication: Identities and Effective Interactions},
author = {Howard Giles and Cindy Gallois and Bernadette M Watson},
doi = {10.1093/joc/jqx016},
year = {2018},
date = {2018-04-01},
urldate = {2018-04-01},
journal = {Journal of Communication},
volume = {68},
number = {2},
pages = {309-317},
abstract = {Intergroup relations have been studied systematically for more than 60 years and have become embedded in mainstream communication studies. The intergroup communication (IGC) approach provides a crucial level of understanding beyond the interpersonal and the societal, highlighting the interconnections and mutual influences between groups and individuals. In this paper, we briefly describe the main features and history of IGC, pointing to ways of moving forward in the light of current challenges. We highlight the complexity and messiness of IGC and the need for more diversity in theory and method. The time is right for new thinking in IGC that leads to the improvement of communication within and across groups.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Intergroup relations have been studied systematically for more than 60 years and have become embedded in mainstream communication studies. The intergroup communication (IGC) approach provides a crucial level of understanding beyond the interpersonal and the societal, highlighting the interconnections and mutual influences between groups and individuals. In this paper, we briefly describe the main features and history of IGC, pointing to ways of moving forward in the light of current challenges. We highlight the complexity and messiness of IGC and the need for more diversity in theory and method. The time is right for new thinking in IGC that leads to the improvement of communication within and across groups.
Giles, Howard; Giles, Matt; Pines, Rachyl; Giles, Matt; Gardikiotis, Antonis
Toward a Communication Model of Intergroup Interdependence Journal Article
In: Atlantic Journal of Communication, vol. 26, no. 2, pp. 122-130, 2018.
@article{Giles2018h,
title = {Toward a Communication Model of Intergroup Interdependence},
author = {Howard Giles and Matt Giles and Rachyl Pines and Matt Giles and Antonis Gardikiotis},
doi = {10.1080/15456870.2018.1432222},
year = {2018},
date = {2018-03-15},
urldate = {2018-03-15},
journal = {Atlantic Journal of Communication},
volume = {26},
number = {2},
pages = {122-130},
abstract = {This article seeks to expand the theoretical base of intergroup communication by proposing a new model of interdependence. As a backdrop toward this end, historical and contemporary uses of the concept of interdependence are briefly reviewed across a range of different disciplines and research fields. Defining interdependence in terms of the embedded nature of groups, the foundations of a new communicative model of intergroup interdependence are introduced. Four propositions articulate how intergroup independence is associated with a variety of communicative outcomes. These outcomes include those relating to language attitudes, communication accommodations, and linguistic biases, together with the moderating conditions shaping the extent of these behavioral consequences. Finally, a diverse array of research questions that could fruitfully guide the future development of the model are suggested.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
This article seeks to expand the theoretical base of intergroup communication by proposing a new model of interdependence. As a backdrop toward this end, historical and contemporary uses of the concept of interdependence are briefly reviewed across a range of different disciplines and research fields. Defining interdependence in terms of the embedded nature of groups, the foundations of a new communicative model of intergroup interdependence are introduced. Four propositions articulate how intergroup independence is associated with a variety of communicative outcomes. These outcomes include those relating to language attitudes, communication accommodations, and linguistic biases, together with the moderating conditions shaping the extent of these behavioral consequences. Finally, a diverse array of research questions that could fruitfully guide the future development of the model are suggested.
Giles, Howard; Keblusek, Lauren; Maass, Anne; Gardikiotis, Antonis
Intersections of Intergroup Communication Research Journal Article
In: Atlantic Journal of Communication, vol. 26, no. 2, pp. 75-85 , 2018.
@article{Giles2018i,
title = {Intersections of Intergroup Communication Research},
author = {Howard Giles and Lauren Keblusek and Anne Maass and Antonis Gardikiotis},
doi = {10.1080/15456870.2018.1432618},
year = {2018},
date = {2018-03-15},
urldate = {2018-03-15},
journal = {Atlantic Journal of Communication},
volume = {26},
number = {2},
pages = {75-85 },
abstract = {In this prologue to a special issue on intergroup communication, we highlight areas of intersection across its field. To start, we provide a brief history of the field, simultaneously highlighting 6 central principles guiding the work in this area. We then review 4 key themes—areas of intersection uniting the contributions in this special issue: (a) a sustained interest in canonical intergroup theories and topics; (b) the notion that there are various conceptualizations of intergroup communication, both linguistic and nonlinguistic; (c) scholars’ strong interest in intercultural communication processes; and (d) the cross-disciplinary nature of intergroup communication scholarship. Thereafter, we present a 2-path model of inter- and intragroup communication that integrates interpersonal, media, and intergroup communication and overviews other contributions to this special issue.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
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}
In this prologue to a special issue on intergroup communication, we highlight areas of intersection across its field. To start, we provide a brief history of the field, simultaneously highlighting 6 central principles guiding the work in this area. We then review 4 key themes—areas of intersection uniting the contributions in this special issue: (a) a sustained interest in canonical intergroup theories and topics; (b) the notion that there are various conceptualizations of intergroup communication, both linguistic and nonlinguistic; (c) scholars’ strong interest in intercultural communication processes; and (d) the cross-disciplinary nature of intergroup communication scholarship. Thereafter, we present a 2-path model of inter- and intragroup communication that integrates interpersonal, media, and intergroup communication and overviews other contributions to this special issue.
Giles, Howard; Bernhold, Quinten; Dunbar, Norah; Merolla, Andy J
Relational Change Following Hurtful Conflict: An Extension of Identity Implications Theory Journal Article
In: Human Communication Research, vol. 44, no. 2, 2018.
@article{Giles2018j,
title = {Relational Change Following Hurtful Conflict: An Extension of Identity Implications Theory},
author = {Howard Giles and Quinten Bernhold and Norah Dunbar and Andy J Merolla},
doi = {10.1093/hcr/hqx005},
year = {2018},
date = {2018-02-07},
urldate = {2018-02-07},
journal = {Human Communication Research},
volume = {44},
number = {2},
abstract = {Using identity implications theory as a guiding lens, this study examined how siblings, dating partners, and friends pursue relational repair or relational distancing after a hurtful conflict. Identity implications theory addresses how people pursue goals, but few studies have examined how varying types of relationships fit into the theory’s framework. Using a convenience sample of young adults (N = 581), we found that relationship type interacted with type of goal to influence participants’ perceptions of face threats. Although no three-way interactions among type of goal, relationship type, and face threat predicted facework, several main effects and two-way interactions were noteworthy. The study’s results suggest the need to consider a range of factors that might moderate theoretical relationships.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
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Using identity implications theory as a guiding lens, this study examined how siblings, dating partners, and friends pursue relational repair or relational distancing after a hurtful conflict. Identity implications theory addresses how people pursue goals, but few studies have examined how varying types of relationships fit into the theory’s framework. Using a convenience sample of young adults (N = 581), we found that relationship type interacted with type of goal to influence participants’ perceptions of face threats. Although no three-way interactions among type of goal, relationship type, and face threat predicted facework, several main effects and two-way interactions were noteworthy. The study’s results suggest the need to consider a range of factors that might moderate theoretical relationships.
Giles, Howard; Adams, Aubrie; Miles, Jai; Dunbar, Norah
Communication accommodation in text messages: Exploring liking, power, and sex as predictors of textisms Journal Article
In: The Journal of Social Psychology, vol. 158, no. 4, 2018.
@article{Giles2018k,
title = {Communication accommodation in text messages: Exploring liking, power, and sex as predictors of textisms},
author = {Howard Giles and Aubrie Adams and Jai Miles and Norah Dunbar},
doi = {10.1080/00224545.2017.1421895},
year = {2018},
date = {2018-01-03},
urldate = {2018-01-03},
journal = {The Journal of Social Psychology},
volume = {158},
number = {4},
abstract = {This mixed-methods study applies Communication Accommodation Theory to explore how liking, power, and sex predict one’s likelihood for using textisms in digital interpersonal interactions. Textisms are digital cues that convey nonverbal meaning and emotion in text communication. The main experiment used a hypothetical texting scenario to manipulate textism amounts (none/many) and participant’s perceived power levels (low/equal/high) during texting interactions to examine the number of textisms participants used in subsequent responses in comparison to the number of textisms they viewed. Primary results show that (1) participants moderately converged to use similar amounts of textisms and (2) those with low power who viewed many textisms were more likely to use textisms themselves during subsequent responses. Through the examination of adaption behaviors in text messaging, scholars can better understand the contexts in which users will include textisms to intentionally convey nonverbal meaning and emotion in digital communication.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
This mixed-methods study applies Communication Accommodation Theory to explore how liking, power, and sex predict one’s likelihood for using textisms in digital interpersonal interactions. Textisms are digital cues that convey nonverbal meaning and emotion in text communication. The main experiment used a hypothetical texting scenario to manipulate textism amounts (none/many) and participant’s perceived power levels (low/equal/high) during texting interactions to examine the number of textisms participants used in subsequent responses in comparison to the number of textisms they viewed. Primary results show that (1) participants moderately converged to use similar amounts of textisms and (2) those with low power who viewed many textisms were more likely to use textisms themselves during subsequent responses. Through the examination of adaption behaviors in text messaging, scholars can better understand the contexts in which users will include textisms to intentionally convey nonverbal meaning and emotion in digital communication.
2017
Giles, Howard; Bernhold, Quinten
Paternal grandmothers benefit the most from expressing affection to grandchildren: An extension of evolutionary and sociological research Journal Article
In: Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, vol. 36, no. 2, pp. 514-534, 2017, ISBN: 026540751773465.
@article{Giles2017,
title = {Paternal grandmothers benefit the most from expressing affection to grandchildren: An extension of evolutionary and sociological research},
author = {Howard Giles and Quinten Bernhold},
doi = {10.1177/0265407517734657},
isbn = {026540751773465},
year = {2017},
date = {2017-10-10},
urldate = {2017-10-10},
journal = {Journal of Social and Personal Relationships},
volume = {36},
number = {2},
pages = {514-534},
abstract = {This study explored how type of grandparent is related to grandparents’ affectionate communication and grandchildren’s relational closeness to grandparents. We predicted that grandchildren would be closest to and receive the most affection from maternal grandmothers, followed by maternal grandfathers, paternal grandmothers, and paternal grandfathers. We also hypothesized that type of grandparent would moderate the associations between affection and closeness. Using a convenience sample of grandchildren (n = 281), we found that grandchildren were closer to maternal grandparents rather than paternal grandparents. Grandchildren reported receiving more memories and humor from their paternal grandfathers rather than their maternal grandmothers. Type of grandparent moderated the associations between the love and esteem received from grandparents and closeness as well as the associations between the physical tokens of affection received from grandparents and closeness such that associations were amplified for paternal grandmothers. Findings are discussed in terms of their contributions to evolutionary and sociological research.},
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This study explored how type of grandparent is related to grandparents’ affectionate communication and grandchildren’s relational closeness to grandparents. We predicted that grandchildren would be closest to and receive the most affection from maternal grandmothers, followed by maternal grandfathers, paternal grandmothers, and paternal grandfathers. We also hypothesized that type of grandparent would moderate the associations between affection and closeness. Using a convenience sample of grandchildren (n = 281), we found that grandchildren were closer to maternal grandparents rather than paternal grandparents. Grandchildren reported receiving more memories and humor from their paternal grandfathers rather than their maternal grandmothers. Type of grandparent moderated the associations between the love and esteem received from grandparents and closeness as well as the associations between the physical tokens of affection received from grandparents and closeness such that associations were amplified for paternal grandmothers. Findings are discussed in terms of their contributions to evolutionary and sociological research.
Giles, Howard; Bernhold, Quinten
Grandparent-Grandchild Communication: A Review of Theoretically Informed Research Journal Article
In: Journal of Intergenerational Relationships, vol. 15, no. 4, pp. 368-388, 2017.
@article{Giles2017b,
title = {Grandparent-Grandchild Communication: A Review of Theoretically Informed Research},
author = {Howard Giles and Quinten Bernhold},
doi = {10.1080/15350770.2017.1368348},
year = {2017},
date = {2017-10-02},
urldate = {2017-10-02},
journal = {Journal of Intergenerational Relationships},
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abstract = {This article reviews theoretically informed research on grandparent-grandchild (GP-GC) communication. Research has been organized herein according to whether it is guided by an intergroup theory, an affect theory, or another type of theory. After reviewing research under these three broad categories, a heuristic value and degree of support for each theory are proposed for helping future researchers in their theoretical selections. Each theory is then positioned in a two-dimensional space consisting of interpersonal and intergroup dimensions to visually demonstrate theoretical lacunae that future researchers can address. We end by discussing how researchers can utilize theory as a basis for probing the role of demographic characteristics in influencing GP-GC communication.},
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This article reviews theoretically informed research on grandparent-grandchild (GP-GC) communication. Research has been organized herein according to whether it is guided by an intergroup theory, an affect theory, or another type of theory. After reviewing research under these three broad categories, a heuristic value and degree of support for each theory are proposed for helping future researchers in their theoretical selections. Each theory is then positioned in a two-dimensional space consisting of interpersonal and intergroup dimensions to visually demonstrate theoretical lacunae that future researchers can address. We end by discussing how researchers can utilize theory as a basis for probing the role of demographic characteristics in influencing GP-GC communication.
Giles, Howard; Keblusek, Lauren; Maass, Anne
Communication and group life: How language and symbols shape intergroup relations Journal Article
In: Group Processes & Intergroup Relation, vol. 20, no. 5, 2017, ISBN: 136843021770886.
@article{Giles2017c,
title = {Communication and group life: How language and symbols shape intergroup relations},
author = {Howard Giles and Lauren Keblusek and Anne Maass},
doi = {10.1177/1368430217708864},
isbn = {136843021770886},
year = {2017},
date = {2017-06-25},
urldate = {2017-06-25},
journal = {Group Processes & Intergroup Relation},
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number = {5},
abstract = {In this article, we review the different functions that language and symbols (in particular clothing) fulfill in group life; language and clothing are rarely, if ever, discussed together in the same conceptual space. Our review includes a consideration of how social identities are communicated and discredited, boundaries crossed, and group norms established, maintained, and regulated. Throughout, we integrate motivational and social-cognitive approaches, ending with proposals for future research and theory in intergroup communication.},
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In this article, we review the different functions that language and symbols (in particular clothing) fulfill in group life; language and clothing are rarely, if ever, discussed together in the same conceptual space. Our review includes a consideration of how social identities are communicated and discredited, boundaries crossed, and group norms established, maintained, and regulated. Throughout, we integrate motivational and social-cognitive approaches, ending with proposals for future research and theory in intergroup communication.
Giles, Howard; Dragojevic, Marko; Beck, Anna-Carrie; Tatum, Nicholas T.
The fluency principle: Why foreign accent strength negatively biases language attitudes Journal Article
In: Communication Monographs, vol. 84, no. 3, pp. 1-21 , 2017.
@article{Giles2017d,
title = {The fluency principle: Why foreign accent strength negatively biases language attitudes},
author = {Howard Giles and Marko Dragojevic and Anna-Carrie Beck and Nicholas T. Tatum},
doi = {10.1080/03637751.2017.1322213},
year = {2017},
date = {2017-05-16},
urldate = {2017-05-16},
journal = {Communication Monographs},
volume = {84},
number = {3},
pages = {1-21 },
abstract = {Two experiments tested the prediction that heavy foreign-accented speakers are evaluated more negatively than mild foreign-accented speakers because the former are perceived as more prototypical (i.e., representative) of their respective group and their speech disrupts listeners’ processing fluency (i.e., is more difficult to process). Participants listened to a mild or heavy Punjabi- (Study 1) or Mandarin-accented (Study 2) speaker. Compared to the mild-accented speaker, the heavy-accented speaker in both studies was attributed less status (but not solidarity), was perceived as more prototypical of their respective group, disrupted listeners’ processing fluency, and elicited a more negative affective reaction. The negative effects of accent strength on status were mediated by processing fluency and sequentially by processing fluency and affect, but not by prototypicality. Theoretical, methodological, and practical implications are discussed.},
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Two experiments tested the prediction that heavy foreign-accented speakers are evaluated more negatively than mild foreign-accented speakers because the former are perceived as more prototypical (i.e., representative) of their respective group and their speech disrupts listeners’ processing fluency (i.e., is more difficult to process). Participants listened to a mild or heavy Punjabi- (Study 1) or Mandarin-accented (Study 2) speaker. Compared to the mild-accented speaker, the heavy-accented speaker in both studies was attributed less status (but not solidarity), was perceived as more prototypical of their respective group, disrupted listeners’ processing fluency, and elicited a more negative affective reaction. The negative effects of accent strength on status were mediated by processing fluency and sequentially by processing fluency and affect, but not by prototypicality. Theoretical, methodological, and practical implications are discussed.
Giles, Howard; Woo, Dajung
Language attitudes and intergroup dynamics in multilingual organizations Journal Article
In: International Journal of Cross Cultural Management, vol. 17, no. 1, pp. 39-52, 2017.
@article{Giles2017e,
title = {Language attitudes and intergroup dynamics in multilingual organizations},
author = {Howard Giles and Dajung Woo},
doi = {10.1177/1470595817701507},
year = {2017},
date = {2017-04-01},
urldate = {2017-04-01},
journal = {International Journal of Cross Cultural Management},
volume = {17},
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pages = {39-52},
abstract = {This article takes an intergroup communication perspective to conceptualizing language-related issues in multilingual multinational corporations (MNCs). Language is one of the most salient identifiers of individuals and groups as well as an integral aspect of self-concept. Managers of multilingual teams and MNCs, where speakers of different first languages must rely on mutual interactions to achieve common goals, are likely to deal with communication challenges among many other managerial concerns. Adopting a corporate common language (CCL) provides MNCs benefits, such as efficiency and coherence, from standardizing employees’ use of language. Yet, the fact that a certain language is viewed as “standard” or common—and others as “nonstandard” and uncommon—can potentially create tensions between native and nonnative speakers of it. To increase scholarly attention to this topic, we discuss topics related to language attitudes that can affect communication processes in multilingual MNCs. The implications of, and organizational benefits for, sensitizing managers of MNCs that have adopted a CCL approach to these intergroup dynamics are discussed. We conclude the article with future research agenda for cross-cultural management researchers facing the global environment in which organizational, cultural, and sectoral boundaries are increasingly blurred and multilingualism impacts both internal and external functions of organizations.},
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This article takes an intergroup communication perspective to conceptualizing language-related issues in multilingual multinational corporations (MNCs). Language is one of the most salient identifiers of individuals and groups as well as an integral aspect of self-concept. Managers of multilingual teams and MNCs, where speakers of different first languages must rely on mutual interactions to achieve common goals, are likely to deal with communication challenges among many other managerial concerns. Adopting a corporate common language (CCL) provides MNCs benefits, such as efficiency and coherence, from standardizing employees’ use of language. Yet, the fact that a certain language is viewed as “standard” or common—and others as “nonstandard” and uncommon—can potentially create tensions between native and nonnative speakers of it. To increase scholarly attention to this topic, we discuss topics related to language attitudes that can affect communication processes in multilingual MNCs. The implications of, and organizational benefits for, sensitizing managers of MNCs that have adopted a CCL approach to these intergroup dynamics are discussed. We conclude the article with future research agenda for cross-cultural management researchers facing the global environment in which organizational, cultural, and sectoral boundaries are increasingly blurred and multilingualism impacts both internal and external functions of organizations.
Giles, Howard; Mccann, Robert M.; Ota, Hiroshi
Aging and communication across cultures Book Chapter
In: De Gruyter Mouton, 2017, ISBN: 9781501500060.
@inbook{Giles2017f,
title = {Aging and communication across cultures},
author = {Howard Giles and Robert M. Mccann and Hiroshi Ota},
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isbn = {9781501500060},
year = {2017},
date = {2017-01-10},
urldate = {2017-01-10},
publisher = {De Gruyter Mouton},
abstract = {This chapter examines and overviews research on aging and communication conducted in various corners of the world, and illuminates critical issues such as age stereotypes, the changing roles of family and older person norms, intra-and intergenerational communication perceptions in general, and the subjective health implications of intra-and intergenerational communication. Against the backdrop of rapid technological advancement and societal structural transformation, old age has increasingly been associated with negative meanings, especially in so-called Eastern countries, where the tradition of respect for older adults has been eroding. Under such circumstances, younger adults are likely to struggle and be dissatisfied in their communication with older adults, who consider communication with the latter to be rather problematic. Turning to the workplace, which has more recently garnered scholastic attention from intergenerational scholars, older adults tend to suffer from negative age stereotypes and discrimination in this context too. This chapter thus provides a synthesis of research on intergenerational communication across cultures both in and out of the workplace, and sets the stage for the promotion of a more positive and interactional intergenerational climate.},
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This chapter examines and overviews research on aging and communication conducted in various corners of the world, and illuminates critical issues such as age stereotypes, the changing roles of family and older person norms, intra-and intergenerational communication perceptions in general, and the subjective health implications of intra-and intergenerational communication. Against the backdrop of rapid technological advancement and societal structural transformation, old age has increasingly been associated with negative meanings, especially in so-called Eastern countries, where the tradition of respect for older adults has been eroding. Under such circumstances, younger adults are likely to struggle and be dissatisfied in their communication with older adults, who consider communication with the latter to be rather problematic. Turning to the workplace, which has more recently garnered scholastic attention from intergenerational scholars, older adults tend to suffer from negative age stereotypes and discrimination in this context too. This chapter thus provides a synthesis of research on intergenerational communication across cultures both in and out of the workplace, and sets the stage for the promotion of a more positive and interactional intergenerational climate.
Giles, Howard; Smith, Benjamin King; Ehala, Martin
Vitality theory Book Chapter
In: Oxford University Press, 2017.
@inbook{Giles2017g,
title = {Vitality theory},
author = {Howard Giles and Benjamin King Smith and Martin Ehala},
doi = {10.1093/acrefore/9780190228613.013.496},
year = {2017},
date = {2017-01-01},
urldate = {2017-01-01},
publisher = {Oxford University Press},
abstract = {Group vitality is a widely invoked construct in the study of minority language maintenance and interethnic relations. Per the original framework introduced 40 years ago, the more vitality an ethnolinguistic group perceives itself to have, the more likely that it will thrive as a collective entity in an intergroup context. Consequently, research adopting this paradigm—herein termed vitality theory—has studied ways in which objective and subjective group vitality has manifested itself in the endurance of ethnolinguistic groups. The notion of objective vitality includes the factors of demographics, institutional support, and status that characterize the strength of a group in comparison to others present in an intergroup setting. Contrastively, subjective vitality was introduced to highlight how groups may cognitively and affectively perceive these same factors.
A large body of empirical research has been conducted within the vitality theory framework that has resulted in several stages of development. Evidence has shown that while the components of objective vitality (demographics, institutional support, status) do not typically manifest themselves as distinct components in the structure of subjective vitality, they do form a single component reflecting the perceived strength of the group. In addition, several other social psychological factors, such as perception of the legitimacy of intergroup relations, the level of ethnocentrism, and perception of intergroup distance, were incorporated into models of subjective vitality. Relatedly, these factors are shaped into group members’ discourse of vitality, which is a highly dialogical process of negotiation of subjective vitality of the groups engaged in intergroup contact.
The vitality framework has been usefully invoked beyond ethnolinguistic groups, embracing several intergroup settings including age, gender, and sexual orientation. Vitality, which has provoked some controversy in the literature, has also been widely adopted by very different approaches as an umbrella term to denote the long-term sustainability of a group. Scholars in linguistics, sociology, psychology, education, anthropology, and beyond have contributed much to the concept, helping to educate and raise awareness as to why languages die out and the effects of such languages dying out.},
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Group vitality is a widely invoked construct in the study of minority language maintenance and interethnic relations. Per the original framework introduced 40 years ago, the more vitality an ethnolinguistic group perceives itself to have, the more likely that it will thrive as a collective entity in an intergroup context. Consequently, research adopting this paradigm—herein termed vitality theory—has studied ways in which objective and subjective group vitality has manifested itself in the endurance of ethnolinguistic groups. The notion of objective vitality includes the factors of demographics, institutional support, and status that characterize the strength of a group in comparison to others present in an intergroup setting. Contrastively, subjective vitality was introduced to highlight how groups may cognitively and affectively perceive these same factors.
A large body of empirical research has been conducted within the vitality theory framework that has resulted in several stages of development. Evidence has shown that while the components of objective vitality (demographics, institutional support, status) do not typically manifest themselves as distinct components in the structure of subjective vitality, they do form a single component reflecting the perceived strength of the group. In addition, several other social psychological factors, such as perception of the legitimacy of intergroup relations, the level of ethnocentrism, and perception of intergroup distance, were incorporated into models of subjective vitality. Relatedly, these factors are shaped into group members’ discourse of vitality, which is a highly dialogical process of negotiation of subjective vitality of the groups engaged in intergroup contact.
The vitality framework has been usefully invoked beyond ethnolinguistic groups, embracing several intergroup settings including age, gender, and sexual orientation. Vitality, which has provoked some controversy in the literature, has also been widely adopted by very different approaches as an umbrella term to denote the long-term sustainability of a group. Scholars in linguistics, sociology, psychology, education, anthropology, and beyond have contributed much to the concept, helping to educate and raise awareness as to why languages die out and the effects of such languages dying out.
A large body of empirical research has been conducted within the vitality theory framework that has resulted in several stages of development. Evidence has shown that while the components of objective vitality (demographics, institutional support, status) do not typically manifest themselves as distinct components in the structure of subjective vitality, they do form a single component reflecting the perceived strength of the group. In addition, several other social psychological factors, such as perception of the legitimacy of intergroup relations, the level of ethnocentrism, and perception of intergroup distance, were incorporated into models of subjective vitality. Relatedly, these factors are shaped into group members’ discourse of vitality, which is a highly dialogical process of negotiation of subjective vitality of the groups engaged in intergroup contact.
The vitality framework has been usefully invoked beyond ethnolinguistic groups, embracing several intergroup settings including age, gender, and sexual orientation. Vitality, which has provoked some controversy in the literature, has also been widely adopted by very different approaches as an umbrella term to denote the long-term sustainability of a group. Scholars in linguistics, sociology, psychology, education, anthropology, and beyond have contributed much to the concept, helping to educate and raise awareness as to why languages die out and the effects of such languages dying out.
Giles, Howard; Burgoon, Judee K; Dunbar, Norah
Interaction coordination and adaptation Book Chapter
In: pp. 78 - 96, Cambridge University Press, 2017.
@inbook{Giles2017h,
title = {Interaction coordination and adaptation},
author = {Howard Giles and Judee K Burgoon and Norah Dunbar},
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year = {2017},
date = {2017-01-01},
urldate = {2017-01-01},
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abstract = {A Biological and Social Imperative Adaptation is a biological and social imperative - biologically, for the survival of a species; socially, for the survival of a society. Vertebrates and invertebrates alike come equipped with reflexes that produce involuntary survival-related forms of adaptation in the form of fight or flight responses. In the face of a threat, a frightened organism may sound an alarm call, emit an odor, or display a visual signal that is recognized by species mates as fear. The fear triggers behavioral mimicry that leads the entire flock, herd, swarm, or school to take flight en masse. Or, rage by a single individual may fuel a contagion of aggression that turns into mob violence. These reciprocal actions may not be easily suppressed or controlled. Other forms of adaptation are volitional, intentional, and socially oriented. Humans may copy the speech patterns of their social “superiors” in hopes of being viewed as belonging to the same ingroup. Or one person’s antagonistic demeanor toward a target may elicit a docile, calming response by the victim. Both forms of adaptation - involuntary and voluntary - undergird social organization. As Martin Luther King Jr. observed in his Letter from a Birmingham Jail (1963), “we are caught in an inescapable network of mutuality.” By means of verbal and nonverbal communication, civilized societies negotiate access to scarce resources, work out their interpersonal relationships, and create their social organizations. Thus, communication is fundamentally an adaptive enterprise that reflects and channels these biological and social imperatives. How, when, and why such adaptation takes place is the topic of this chapter. Forms of Coordination and Adaptation It is perhaps unsurprising that given its fundamental role in social interaction, terms describing various forms of adaptation have proliferated, leading to conceptual and operational disarray. The same terms have been applied to different phenomena and different terms have been applied to the same phenomenon. Here we introduce the most common usage from scholars of communication, psychology and linguistics who over the course of forty years have largely converged on these definitions. These conceptual and operational definitions are summarized in Table 8.1. © Judee K. Burgoon, Nadia Magnenat-Thalmann, Maja Pantic and Alessandro Vinciarelli 2017.},
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A Biological and Social Imperative Adaptation is a biological and social imperative - biologically, for the survival of a species; socially, for the survival of a society. Vertebrates and invertebrates alike come equipped with reflexes that produce involuntary survival-related forms of adaptation in the form of fight or flight responses. In the face of a threat, a frightened organism may sound an alarm call, emit an odor, or display a visual signal that is recognized by species mates as fear. The fear triggers behavioral mimicry that leads the entire flock, herd, swarm, or school to take flight en masse. Or, rage by a single individual may fuel a contagion of aggression that turns into mob violence. These reciprocal actions may not be easily suppressed or controlled. Other forms of adaptation are volitional, intentional, and socially oriented. Humans may copy the speech patterns of their social “superiors” in hopes of being viewed as belonging to the same ingroup. Or one person’s antagonistic demeanor toward a target may elicit a docile, calming response by the victim. Both forms of adaptation - involuntary and voluntary - undergird social organization. As Martin Luther King Jr. observed in his Letter from a Birmingham Jail (1963), “we are caught in an inescapable network of mutuality.” By means of verbal and nonverbal communication, civilized societies negotiate access to scarce resources, work out their interpersonal relationships, and create their social organizations. Thus, communication is fundamentally an adaptive enterprise that reflects and channels these biological and social imperatives. How, when, and why such adaptation takes place is the topic of this chapter. Forms of Coordination and Adaptation It is perhaps unsurprising that given its fundamental role in social interaction, terms describing various forms of adaptation have proliferated, leading to conceptual and operational disarray. The same terms have been applied to different phenomena and different terms have been applied to the same phenomenon. Here we introduce the most common usage from scholars of communication, psychology and linguistics who over the course of forty years have largely converged on these definitions. These conceptual and operational definitions are summarized in Table 8.1. © Judee K. Burgoon, Nadia Magnenat-Thalmann, Maja Pantic and Alessandro Vinciarelli 2017.
2016
Giles, Howard
Communication Accommodation Theory Book Chapter
In: Chapter 6, 2016.
@inbook{Giles2016b,
title = {Communication Accommodation Theory},
author = {Howard Giles},
doi = {10.1002/9781118766804.wbiect056},
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urldate = {2016-10-01},
chapter = {6},
abstract = {Communication accommodation theory (CAT) is a general theoretical framework for both interpersonal and intergroup communication. It seeks to explain and predict why, when, and how people adjust their communicative behavior during social interaction (including mediated contact), and what social consequences might result from such adjustments. This entry provides an overview of what constitutes accommodative and nonaccommodative moves (with particular attention devoted, albeit not exclusively, to convergence and divergence). Previous CAT principles are modestly refined, and directions for future research suggested.},
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Communication accommodation theory (CAT) is a general theoretical framework for both interpersonal and intergroup communication. It seeks to explain and predict why, when, and how people adjust their communicative behavior during social interaction (including mediated contact), and what social consequences might result from such adjustments. This entry provides an overview of what constitutes accommodative and nonaccommodative moves (with particular attention devoted, albeit not exclusively, to convergence and divergence). Previous CAT principles are modestly refined, and directions for future research suggested.
Giles, Howard
Cambridge University Press, 2016, ISBN: 9781316226537.
@book{Giles2016c,
title = {Communication accommodation theory: Negotiating personal relationships and social identities across contexts},
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year = {2016},
date = {2016-08-18},
urldate = {2016-08-18},
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abstract = {Most people modify their ways of speaking, writing, texting, and e-mailing, and so on, according to the people with whom they are communicating. This fascinating book asks why we 'accommodate' to others in this way, and explores the various social consequences arising from it. Communication Accommodation Theory (CAT), revised and elaborated over the past 40 years, has been applied to a wide range of situations, from families to courtrooms, and from media to hospitals, by means of diverse methodologies in many disciplines, and across numerous languages and cultures. Bringing together a team of experts, this book demonstrates how the theory can help us towards a greater understanding of interpersonal communication in a multitude of contexts. Finally, it examines the principles of the theory, identifying a range of avenues along which research can move forward in future. A fascinating account of how and why we modify our way of speaking, texting, and e-mailing, and so on, according to the people with whom we are communicating. An invaluable resource for those already invoking Communication Accommodation Theory in their work, and for those yet to realize its potential. Furthers our understanding of interpersonal communication, and is of real significance to those studying new applied contexts, from families to courtrooms, and from media to hospitals.},
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Most people modify their ways of speaking, writing, texting, and e-mailing, and so on, according to the people with whom they are communicating. This fascinating book asks why we 'accommodate' to others in this way, and explores the various social consequences arising from it. Communication Accommodation Theory (CAT), revised and elaborated over the past 40 years, has been applied to a wide range of situations, from families to courtrooms, and from media to hospitals, by means of diverse methodologies in many disciplines, and across numerous languages and cultures. Bringing together a team of experts, this book demonstrates how the theory can help us towards a greater understanding of interpersonal communication in a multitude of contexts. Finally, it examines the principles of the theory, identifying a range of avenues along which research can move forward in future. A fascinating account of how and why we modify our way of speaking, texting, and e-mailing, and so on, according to the people with whom we are communicating. An invaluable resource for those already invoking Communication Accommodation Theory in their work, and for those yet to realize its potential. Furthers our understanding of interpersonal communication, and is of real significance to those studying new applied contexts, from families to courtrooms, and from media to hospitals.
Giles, Howard; Dragojevic, Marko; Gasiorek, Jessica
Accommodative strategies as core of the theory Book Chapter
In: pp. 36-59, Cambridge University Press, 2016.
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title = {Accommodative strategies as core of the theory},
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Giles, Howard; Gnisci, Augusto; Soliz, Jordan
CAT on trial Book Chapter
In: pp. 169-191, Cambridge University Press, 2016.
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title = {CAT on trial},
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Giles, Howard; Palomares, Nicholas A.; Soliz, Jordan; Gallois, Cindy
Intergroup accommodation, social categories, and identities Book Chapter
In: pp. 123 - 151, Cambridge University Press, 2016.
@inbook{Giles2016f,
title = {Intergroup accommodation, social categories, and identities},
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year = {2016},
date = {2016-08-18},
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Giles, Howard; Gallois, C.; Gasiorek, Jessica; Soliz, Jordan
Communication accommodation theory: Integrations and new framework developments Book Chapter
In: pp. 192 - 210, Cambridge University Press, 2016.
@inbook{Giles2016g,
title = {Communication accommodation theory: Integrations and new framework developments},
author = {Howard Giles and C. Gallois and Jessica Gasiorek and Jordan Soliz},
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year = {2016},
date = {2016-08-18},
urldate = {2016-08-18},
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Giles, Howard; Gallois, Cindy; Weatherall, Ann
CAT and talk in action Book Chapter
In: pp. 105 - 122, Cambridge University Press, 2016.
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title = {CAT and talk in action},
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Giles, Howard
The social origins of CAT Book Chapter
In: pp. 1-12, Cambridge University Press, 2016.
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title = {The social origins of CAT},
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Giles, Howard; Rice, Ronald E.
The Contexts and Dynamics of Science Communication and Language Journal Article
In: Journal of Language and Social Psychology, vol. 36, no. 1, pp. 127-139, 2016.
@article{Giles2016j,
title = {The Contexts and Dynamics of Science Communication and Language},
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doi = {10.1177/0261927X16663257},
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date = {2016-08-09},
urldate = {2016-08-09},
journal = {Journal of Language and Social Psychology},
volume = {36},
number = {1},
pages = {127-139},
abstract = {This final contribution to this special Journal of Language and Social Psychology issue on “using the science of language to improve translation of the language of science” places the articles in the context and nature of the broader literature on science communication, particularly as it relates to the media. This framework is crafted with a view to identifying the complex factors and processes that create translation problems, highlighting models and approaches that can improve science communication. Throughout, we propose a parsimonious set of research agenda items. Scholars wishing to move between different models of science communication should take into consideration the processes of formative evaluation, intergroup accommodation, and message design logics.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
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This final contribution to this special Journal of Language and Social Psychology issue on “using the science of language to improve translation of the language of science” places the articles in the context and nature of the broader literature on science communication, particularly as it relates to the media. This framework is crafted with a view to identifying the complex factors and processes that create translation problems, highlighting models and approaches that can improve science communication. Throughout, we propose a parsimonious set of research agenda items. Scholars wishing to move between different models of science communication should take into consideration the processes of formative evaluation, intergroup accommodation, and message design logics.
Giles, Howard; Mccann, Robert M.; Keaton, Shaughan A.
The Role of Communication Perceptions in the Mental Health of Older Adults: Views From Thailand and the United States Journal Article
In: Health Communication, vol. 32, no. 1, pp. 1-11, 2016.
@article{Giles2016k,
title = {The Role of Communication Perceptions in the Mental Health of Older Adults: Views From Thailand and the United States},
author = {Howard Giles and Robert M. Mccann and Shaughan A. Keaton},
doi = {10.1080/10410236.2015.1099507},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-05-11},
urldate = {2016-05-11},
journal = {Health Communication},
volume = {32},
number = {1},
pages = {1-11},
abstract = {This study examines age ingroup and outgroup communication perceptions of older Thai and American adults to assess whether communication perceptions of self and others are associated with mental health outcomes such as personal self-esteem, collective self-esteem, and life satisfaction. Results suggest that more accommodation by same-age older others leads to greater personal self-esteem, greater group esteem, and greater life satisfaction, while more nonaccommodation by younger others leads to less life satisfaction for the Thais and Americans. More overaccommodation by younger others was found to lead to less personal self-esteem and less life satisfaction for the sample as a whole. Discriminant loadings show life satisfaction was the most important variable in distinguishing between the prototypical older Thai and American respondent. The overall profile shows the typical Thai older adult participants as perceiving members of their own age ingroup as communicatively avoidant and overaccommodating while also experiencing lower collective self-esteem and life satisfaction. Typical older Americans tended to be associated with higher collective self-esteem and life satisfaction.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
This study examines age ingroup and outgroup communication perceptions of older Thai and American adults to assess whether communication perceptions of self and others are associated with mental health outcomes such as personal self-esteem, collective self-esteem, and life satisfaction. Results suggest that more accommodation by same-age older others leads to greater personal self-esteem, greater group esteem, and greater life satisfaction, while more nonaccommodation by younger others leads to less life satisfaction for the Thais and Americans. More overaccommodation by younger others was found to lead to less personal self-esteem and less life satisfaction for the sample as a whole. Discriminant loadings show life satisfaction was the most important variable in distinguishing between the prototypical older Thai and American respondent. The overall profile shows the typical Thai older adult participants as perceiving members of their own age ingroup as communicatively avoidant and overaccommodating while also experiencing lower collective self-esteem and life satisfaction. Typical older Americans tended to be associated with higher collective self-esteem and life satisfaction.
Giles, Howard; Dunbar, Norah; Gangi, Katlyn; Coveleski, Samantha I.; Adams, Aubrie; Bernhold, Quinten
The Role of Communication Perceptions in the Mental Health of Older Adults: Views From Thailand and the United States Journal Article
In: Communication Studies, pp. 1 - 18, 2016.
@article{Giles2016l,
title = {The Role of Communication Perceptions in the Mental Health of Older Adults: Views From Thailand and the United States},
author = {Howard Giles and Norah Dunbar and Katlyn Gangi and Samantha I. Coveleski and Aubrie Adams and Quinten Bernhold
},
doi = {10.1080/10510974.2016.1146911},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-03-09},
urldate = {2016-03-09},
journal = {Communication Studies},
pages = {1 - 18},
abstract = {While deception is generally viewed as an undesirable and unethical action, people evaluate some lies as more detrimental than others. This study examined factors influencing deception assessments, including the seriousness of the lie and whom it benefits. The effect of an intergroup versus an interpersonal context for the lie was examined. Utilizing 24 vignettes varying in terms of these conditions, 259 participants evaluated a lie’s appropriateness, deceptiveness, and complexity. Altruistic and white lies were viewed as less deceptive and more acceptable than self-serving and more consequential lies. Lies evaluated as least acceptable were interpersonal, serious, and self-serving compared to altruistic lies and those embedded in an intergroup context. Intergroup and interpersonal deceptions are recognized as distinct forms of lying and are evaluated differently.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
While deception is generally viewed as an undesirable and unethical action, people evaluate some lies as more detrimental than others. This study examined factors influencing deception assessments, including the seriousness of the lie and whom it benefits. The effect of an intergroup versus an interpersonal context for the lie was examined. Utilizing 24 vignettes varying in terms of these conditions, 259 participants evaluated a lie’s appropriateness, deceptiveness, and complexity. Altruistic and white lies were viewed as less deceptive and more acceptable than self-serving and more consequential lies. Lies evaluated as least acceptable were interpersonal, serious, and self-serving compared to altruistic lies and those embedded in an intergroup context. Intergroup and interpersonal deceptions are recognized as distinct forms of lying and are evaluated differently.
Giles, Howard; Dragojevic, Marko
I Don't Like You Because You're Hard to Understand: The Role of Processing Fluency in the Language Attitudes Process Journal Article
In: Human Communication Research, vol. 42, no. 3, 2016.
@article{Giles2016m,
title = {I Don't Like You Because You're Hard to Understand: The Role of Processing Fluency in the Language Attitudes Process},
author = {Howard Giles and Marko Dragojevic},
doi = {10.1111/hcre.12079},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-02-01},
urldate = {2016-02-01},
journal = {Human Communication Research},
volume = {42},
number = {3},
abstract = {Two experiments examined the effects of processing fluency—that is, the ease with which speech is processed—on language attitudes toward native- and foreign-accented speech. Participants listened to an audio recording of a story read in either a Standard American English (SAE) or Punjabi English (PE) accent. They heard the recording either free of noise or mixed with background white noise of various intensity levels. Listeners attributed more solidarity (but equal status) to the SAE than the PE accent. Compared to quieter listening conditions, noisier conditions reduced processing fluency, elicited a more negative affective reaction, and resulted in more negative language attitudes. Processing fluency and affect mediated the effects of noise on language attitudes. Theoretical, methodological, and practical implications are discussed.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
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}
Two experiments examined the effects of processing fluency—that is, the ease with which speech is processed—on language attitudes toward native- and foreign-accented speech. Participants listened to an audio recording of a story read in either a Standard American English (SAE) or Punjabi English (PE) accent. They heard the recording either free of noise or mixed with background white noise of various intensity levels. Listeners attributed more solidarity (but equal status) to the SAE than the PE accent. Compared to quieter listening conditions, noisier conditions reduced processing fluency, elicited a more negative affective reaction, and resulted in more negative language attitudes. Processing fluency and affect mediated the effects of noise on language attitudes. Theoretical, methodological, and practical implications are discussed.
Giles, Howard; Dragojevic, Marko; Mastro, Dana; Sink, Alexander
Silencing nonstandard speakers: A content analysis of accent portrayals on American primetime television Journal Article
In: Language in Society, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 1-27, 2016.
@article{Giles2016n,
title = {Silencing nonstandard speakers: A content analysis of accent portrayals on American primetime television},
author = {Howard Giles and Marko Dragojevic and Dana Mastro and Alexander Sink},
doi = {10.1017/S0047404515000743},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-01-28},
urldate = {2016-01-28},
journal = {Language in Society},
volume = {1},
number = {1},
pages = {1-27},
abstract = {Accent is a potent cue to social categorization and stereotyping. An important agent of accent-based stereotype socialization is the media. The present study is the first quantitative content analysis to comprehensively examine accent portrayals on American primetime television. We focused our analysis on portrayals of Standard American (SA), Nonstandard American (NSA), Foreign-Anglo (FA), and Foreign-Other (FO) accents. Results provide clear evidence that American media's portrayals of different accents are biased, reflecting pervasive societal stereotypes. Whereas SA and FA speakers are over-represented on television, NSA and FO speakers are effectively silenced , by virtue of their sheer absence and gross under-representation. Moreover, when NSA and FO speakers do rarely appear on television, they tend to be portrayed less favorably on status-related traits and physical appearance than SA and FA speakers. These findings provide insight into the potential influence of media consumption on consumers’ social perceptions of different linguistic groups. (Accents, media, language attitudes, stereotypes, content analysis)*},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Accent is a potent cue to social categorization and stereotyping. An important agent of accent-based stereotype socialization is the media. The present study is the first quantitative content analysis to comprehensively examine accent portrayals on American primetime television. We focused our analysis on portrayals of Standard American (SA), Nonstandard American (NSA), Foreign-Anglo (FA), and Foreign-Other (FO) accents. Results provide clear evidence that American media's portrayals of different accents are biased, reflecting pervasive societal stereotypes. Whereas SA and FA speakers are over-represented on television, NSA and FO speakers are effectively silenced , by virtue of their sheer absence and gross under-representation. Moreover, when NSA and FO speakers do rarely appear on television, they tend to be portrayed less favorably on status-related traits and physical appearance than SA and FA speakers. These findings provide insight into the potential influence of media consumption on consumers’ social perceptions of different linguistic groups. (Accents, media, language attitudes, stereotypes, content analysis)*
Giles, Howard; Ehala, Martin; Harwood, Jake
Conceptualizing the diversity of intergroup settings. The web model Book Chapter
In: Giles, Howard; Maass, Anne (Ed.): pp. 301-316, Peter Lang, 2016, ISBN: 9781433130311.
@inbook{Giles2016o,
title = {Conceptualizing the diversity of intergroup settings. The web model},
author = {Howard Giles and Martin Ehala and Jake Harwood},
editor = {Howard Giles and Anne Maass},
doi = {10.3726/b10467},
isbn = {9781433130311},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-01-01},
pages = {301-316},
publisher = {Peter Lang},
abstract = {The authors propose a comprehensive model for analyzing the level of intergroup tensions in diverse settings defined by six parameters: 1) emotional attachment to group identity; 2) boundary impermeability; 3) ethnocentrism; 4) perceived ingroup strength, 5) perceived illegitimacy of intergroup power relations; and 6) perceived level of intergroup distrust. They argue that the combination of low values for all parameters is characteristic to “cold” groups, characterized by low level of group mobilization and little group based communication. “Hot” groups are characterized by high values for the parameters, are prone to collective action against the outgroups. The authors propose that the increase of the values of the six variables of the Web Model leads to what is metaphorically referred to as “ground zero” of intergroup communication – a state in which all dialogue between groups has ceased and a slightest symbolic or real act of aggression is likely to lead to the escalation of intergroup violence.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inbook}
}
The authors propose a comprehensive model for analyzing the level of intergroup tensions in diverse settings defined by six parameters: 1) emotional attachment to group identity; 2) boundary impermeability; 3) ethnocentrism; 4) perceived ingroup strength, 5) perceived illegitimacy of intergroup power relations; and 6) perceived level of intergroup distrust. They argue that the combination of low values for all parameters is characteristic to “cold” groups, characterized by low level of group mobilization and little group based communication. “Hot” groups are characterized by high values for the parameters, are prone to collective action against the outgroups. The authors propose that the increase of the values of the six variables of the Web Model leads to what is metaphorically referred to as “ground zero” of intergroup communication – a state in which all dialogue between groups has ceased and a slightest symbolic or real act of aggression is likely to lead to the escalation of intergroup violence.