Alessando Duranti
2017
Duranti, Alessandro
Action and Its Parts Journal Article
In: HAU: Journal of Ethnographic Theory, vol. 7, no. 2, pp. 427-435, 2017, ISSN: 2049-1115 (Online).
@article{Duranti2017,
title = {Action and Its Parts},
author = {Alessandro Duranti},
doi = {10.14318/hau7.2.034},
issn = {2049-1115 (Online)},
year = {2017},
date = {2017-11-01},
journal = {HAU: Journal of Ethnographic Theory},
volume = {7},
number = {2},
pages = {427-435},
abstract = {Comment on Enfield, N. J. and Jack Sidnell. 2017. \emph{The Concept of Action}. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.},
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Comment on Enfield, N. J. and Jack Sidnell. 2017. The Concept of Action. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Duranti, Alessandro
In and Out of Intersubjective Attunement Journal Article
In: HAU: Journal of Ethnographic Theory, vol. 7, no. 2, pp. 475–483, 2017, ISSN: 2049-1115 (Online).
@article{Duranti2017b,
title = {In and Out of Intersubjective Attunement},
author = {Alessandro Duranti},
doi = {10.14318/hau7.2.040},
issn = {2049-1115 (Online)},
year = {2017},
date = {2017-11-01},
journal = {HAU: Journal of Ethnographic Theory},
volume = {7},
number = {2},
pages = {475–483},
abstract = {Response to comments on Duranti, Alessandro. 2015. \emph{The Anthropology of Intentions: Language in A World of Others.} Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.},
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Response to comments on Duranti, Alessandro. 2015. The Anthropology of Intentions: Language in A World of Others. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
2015
Duranti, Alessandro
The Anthropology of Intentions: Language in a World of Others Journal Article
In: Cambridge University Press, 2015, ISBN: 9781107652033.
@article{Duranti2015,
title = {The Anthropology of Intentions: Language in a World of Others},
author = {Alessandro Duranti},
doi = {10.1017/CBO9781139207706},
isbn = {9781107652033},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
journal = {Cambridge University Press},
abstract = {How and to what extent do people take into account the intentions of others? Alessandro Duranti sets out to answer this question, showing that the role of intentions in human interaction is variable across cultures and contexts. Through careful analysis of data collected over three decades in US and Pacific societies, Duranti demonstrates that, in some communities, social actors avoid intentional discourse, focusing on the consequences of actions rather than on their alleged original goals. In other cases, he argues, people do speculate about their own intentions or guess the intentions of others, including in some societies where it was previously assumed they avoid doing so. To account for such variation, Duranti proposes an 'intentional continuum', a concept that draws from phenomenology and the detailed analysis of face-to-face interaction. A combination of new essays and classic re-evaluations, the book draws together findings from anthropology, linguistics and philosophy to offer a penetrating account of the role of intentions in defining human action.},
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How and to what extent do people take into account the intentions of others? Alessandro Duranti sets out to answer this question, showing that the role of intentions in human interaction is variable across cultures and contexts. Through careful analysis of data collected over three decades in US and Pacific societies, Duranti demonstrates that, in some communities, social actors avoid intentional discourse, focusing on the consequences of actions rather than on their alleged original goals. In other cases, he argues, people do speculate about their own intentions or guess the intentions of others, including in some societies where it was previously assumed they avoid doing so. To account for such variation, Duranti proposes an 'intentional continuum', a concept that draws from phenomenology and the detailed analysis of face-to-face interaction. A combination of new essays and classic re-evaluations, the book draws together findings from anthropology, linguistics and philosophy to offer a penetrating account of the role of intentions in defining human action.
2014
Throop, C. Jason; Duranti, Alessandro
Attention, Ritual Glitches, and Attentional Pull: The President and the Queen Journal Article
In: Phenomenology and the Cognitive Sciences, 2014, ISSN: 1568-7759.
@article{Duranti2014,
title = {Attention, Ritual Glitches, and Attentional Pull: The President and the Queen},
author = {C. Jason Throop and Alessandro Duranti},
doi = {10.1007/s11097-014-9397-4},
issn = {1568-7759},
year = {2014},
date = {2014-11-05},
issuetitle = { Phenomenology and the Cognitive Sciences, 14(4)},
journal = {Phenomenology and the Cognitive Sciences},
series = {UCLA Previously Published Works},
abstract = {This article proposes an analysis of a ritual glitch and resulting “misfire” from the standpoint of a phenomenologically informed anthropology of human interaction. Through articulating a synthesis of some of Husserl‘s insights on attention and affection with concepts and methods developed by anthropologists and other students of human interaction, a case is made for the importance of understanding the social organization of attention in ritual encounters. An analysis of a failed toast during President Obama’s 2011 State Visit to the United Kingdom is used to illustrate how attention is directed toward certain participants, actions, and objects – as opposed to others. Affect-loaded empathic reactions are explained by the protracted temporal unfolding of an action whose successful conclusion – or “repair” - is ostensively and publicly delayed},
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This article proposes an analysis of a ritual glitch and resulting “misfire” from the standpoint of a phenomenologically informed anthropology of human interaction. Through articulating a synthesis of some of Husserl‘s insights on attention and affection with concepts and methods developed by anthropologists and other students of human interaction, a case is made for the importance of understanding the social organization of attention in ritual encounters. An analysis of a failed toast during President Obama’s 2011 State Visit to the United Kingdom is used to illustrate how attention is directed toward certain participants, actions, and objects – as opposed to others. Affect-loaded empathic reactions are explained by the protracted temporal unfolding of an action whose successful conclusion – or “repair” - is ostensively and publicly delayed
2013
Duranti, Alessandro
Comment on Eitan Wilf. “Toward an Anthropology of Computer-Mediated, Algorithmic Forms of Sociality Miscellaneous
2013.
@misc{Duranti2013b,
title = {Comment on Eitan Wilf. “Toward an Anthropology of Computer-Mediated, Algorithmic Forms of Sociality},
author = {Alessandro Duranti},
year = {2013},
date = {2013-12-01},
booktitle = {Current Anthropology},
journal = {Current Anthropology},
volume = {54},
number = {6},
pages = {730-731},
abstract = {I see traces of two projects in this article: an empirical project— with theoretical implications—on contemporary pedagogy for improvisation and a theoretical project—with methodological implications—on the relevance of established analytical distinctions within anthropology. Eitan Wilf is committed to both projects. He has published insightful accounts of the ways in which colleges, universities, and conservatories try to create new contexts and activities for transmitting or renewing an established art form, for example, jazz (Wilf 2010, 2011, 2012), and he has used his insider-outsider observations of music production and performance to theorize about paradoxes hidden in our very notions of tradition and innovation},
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I see traces of two projects in this article: an empirical project— with theoretical implications—on contemporary pedagogy for improvisation and a theoretical project—with methodological implications—on the relevance of established analytical distinctions within anthropology. Eitan Wilf is committed to both projects. He has published insightful accounts of the ways in which colleges, universities, and conservatories try to create new contexts and activities for transmitting or renewing an established art form, for example, jazz (Wilf 2010, 2011, 2012), and he has used his insider-outsider observations of music production and performance to theorize about paradoxes hidden in our very notions of tradition and innovation
Duranti, Alessandro
Husserl Book Chapter
In: McGee, R. Jon; Warms, Richard L. (Ed.): In Encyclopedia of Theory in Social and Cultural Anthropology, pp. Hardcover : 1056 pages, Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage, 1st Edition, 2013, ISBN: ISBN-13: 978-1412999632 ISBN-10: 1412999634.
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year = {2013},
date = {2013-09-27},
booktitle = {In Encyclopedia of Theory in Social and Cultural Anthropology},
pages = {Hardcover : 1056 pages},
publisher = {Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage},
edition = {1st Edition},
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Duranti, Alessandro
On the future of anthropology: Fundraising, the job market and the corporate turn Journal Article
In: Anthropological Theory, vol. 13(3), pp. 201-221, 2013.
@article{Duranti2013c,
title = {On the future of anthropology: Fundraising, the job market and the corporate turn},
author = {Alessandro Duranti},
doi = {10.1177/1463499613492089},
year = {2013},
date = {2013-09-05},
journal = {Anthropological Theory},
volume = {13(3)},
pages = {201-221},
abstract = {Building on the author’s participant observation in academic leadership roles over the
last two decades, this article reviews four areas of engagement for anthropology within
the larger context of US higher education: a) fundraising; b) training and placing of
students; c) the so-called ‘corporate turn’ and its alleged effects on current evaluation
measures; and d) the popularity of anthropology among college students in the context
of a highly self-critical discourse among professional anthropologists and a challenging
academic job market. On the basis of the data presented, I argue that (1) fundraising
activities are nothing new in anthropology and might play a role in continuing to support
a holistic view of anthropology, (2) programs in anthropology should embrace rather
than be skeptical of the potential for the employment of anthropologists in other fields
or non-academic professions, (3) being students of society, anthropologists should be
more engaged in the running of the university including its financial aspects and should
teach their students to be more entrepreneurial, and (4) the applied and public aspects
of anthropological research should be foregrounded and rewarded.},
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Building on the author’s participant observation in academic leadership roles over the
last two decades, this article reviews four areas of engagement for anthropology within
the larger context of US higher education: a) fundraising; b) training and placing of
students; c) the so-called ‘corporate turn’ and its alleged effects on current evaluation
measures; and d) the popularity of anthropology among college students in the context
of a highly self-critical discourse among professional anthropologists and a challenging
academic job market. On the basis of the data presented, I argue that (1) fundraising
activities are nothing new in anthropology and might play a role in continuing to support
a holistic view of anthropology, (2) programs in anthropology should embrace rather
than be skeptical of the potential for the employment of anthropologists in other fields
or non-academic professions, (3) being students of society, anthropologists should be
more engaged in the running of the university including its financial aspects and should
teach their students to be more entrepreneurial, and (4) the applied and public aspects
of anthropological research should be foregrounded and rewarded.
last two decades, this article reviews four areas of engagement for anthropology within
the larger context of US higher education: a) fundraising; b) training and placing of
students; c) the so-called ‘corporate turn’ and its alleged effects on current evaluation
measures; and d) the popularity of anthropology among college students in the context
of a highly self-critical discourse among professional anthropologists and a challenging
academic job market. On the basis of the data presented, I argue that (1) fundraising
activities are nothing new in anthropology and might play a role in continuing to support
a holistic view of anthropology, (2) programs in anthropology should embrace rather
than be skeptical of the potential for the employment of anthropologists in other fields
or non-academic professions, (3) being students of society, anthropologists should be
more engaged in the running of the university including its financial aspects and should
teach their students to be more entrepreneurial, and (4) the applied and public aspects
of anthropological research should be foregrounded and rewarded.
Duranti, Alessandro
Anthropologie et linguistique : influences, séparations et dialogues Book Chapter
In: Londei, Danielle; Santone, Laura (Ed.): Entre linguistique et anthropologie , vol. Vol. 35, pp. 51-71, Bern: Peter Lang, 2013, ISBN: 978-3-0343-1470-1 hr. .
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pages = {51-71},
publisher = {Bern: Peter Lang},
abstract = {Au debut du vingtieme siecle naissent deux projets foncierement differents dans l' etude de la langue en tant que faculte humaine et des langues comme realisations historico-naturelles de cette faculte : un projet nord-americain (aux Etats-Unis et au Canada), fonde par le geographe Franz Boas, s'etant converti en linguiste et en ethnographe « sur le terrain », et un projet saussurien ayant pour but de repenser, en lui donnant un plus juste dimensionnement, la linguistique historique des langues indo-europeennes et legitimer une linguistique synchronique. Dans les deux cas on se trouve face a de veritables «revolutions scientifiques » (selon l'acception de Khun). Aussi bien Boas que Saussure veulent qu' on reexamine le concept meme de langue et la fa<;on de faire de la linguistique, mais ils le font dans des contextes differents, avec des consequences qui avec le temps ameneront a un conflit entre la linguistique autonome et la linguistique contextuelle. Dans le contexte nord-americain ce sera Chomsky qui, en partant de la linguistique structuraliste de Harris, representera une version saussurienne de la linguistique synchronique avec des tons cognitivistes, qui resteront vagues, tandis que les travaux de Boas ouvriront la voie qui permettra a la linguistique nord-americaine de naitre et de se developper a l'interieur des departements d'anthropologie, une confluence impensable, jusqu'aux temps recents, dans le contexte europeen. On verra par la suite comment l' etude des formes 52 Alessandro Duranti linguistiques en linguistique et en anthropologie a continue a se mouvoir le long de voies paralleles qui se rencontrent rarement sur le plan empirique ou theorique.},
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Au debut du vingtieme siecle naissent deux projets foncierement differents dans l' etude de la langue en tant que faculte humaine et des langues comme realisations historico-naturelles de cette faculte : un projet nord-americain (aux Etats-Unis et au Canada), fonde par le geographe Franz Boas, s'etant converti en linguiste et en ethnographe « sur le terrain », et un projet saussurien ayant pour but de repenser, en lui donnant un plus juste dimensionnement, la linguistique historique des langues indo-europeennes et legitimer une linguistique synchronique. Dans les deux cas on se trouve face a de veritables «revolutions scientifiques » (selon l'acception de Khun). Aussi bien Boas que Saussure veulent qu' on reexamine le concept meme de langue et la fa<;on de faire de la linguistique, mais ils le font dans des contextes differents, avec des consequences qui avec le temps ameneront a un conflit entre la linguistique autonome et la linguistique contextuelle. Dans le contexte nord-americain ce sera Chomsky qui, en partant de la linguistique structuraliste de Harris, representera une version saussurienne de la linguistique synchronique avec des tons cognitivistes, qui resteront vagues, tandis que les travaux de Boas ouvriront la voie qui permettra a la linguistique nord-americaine de naitre et de se developper a l'interieur des departements d'anthropologie, une confluence impensable, jusqu'aux temps recents, dans le contexte europeen. On verra par la suite comment l' etude des formes 52 Alessandro Duranti linguistiques en linguistique et en anthropologie a continue a se mouvoir le long de voies paralleles qui se rencontrent rarement sur le plan empirique ou theorique.
2012
Duranti, Alessandro
Anthropology and Linguistics Book Chapter
In: Fandon, Richard; Harris, O.; Marchand, T. H. J.; Nuttall, M.; Shore, C.; Strang, V.; Wilson, R. A. (Ed.): In ASA Handbook of Social Anthropology, pp. 12-23, Los Angeles & London: Sage, 2012, ISBN: 9781446266014 144626601X 9781446201077 1446201074.
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booktitle = {In ASA Handbook of Social Anthropology},
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A contemporary, comprehensive upper level volume for postgraduates and researchers. Sponsored by the ASA and authored by leading global scholars, it is a landmark handbook in the field.
Duranti, Alessandro; Black, S.
Socialization and Improvisation Book Chapter
In: Duranti, Alessandro; Ochs, Elinor; Schieffelin, Bambi B. (Ed.): Handbook of Language Socialization, pp. 680 Pages, Blackwell Publishing Ltd, First Edition, 2012, ISBN: 978-1-118-77299-7.
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booktitle = {Handbook of Language Socialization},
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abstract = {Documenting how in the course of acquiring language children become speakers and members of communities, The Handbook of Language Socialization is a unique reference work for an emerging and fast-moving field.
Spans the fields of anthropology, education, applied linguistics, and human development
Includes the latest developments in second and heritage language socialization, and literary and media socialization
Discusses socialization across the entire life span and across institutional settings, including families, schools, work places, and churches
Explores data from a multitude of cultures from around the world},
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Documenting how in the course of acquiring language children become speakers and members of communities, The Handbook of Language Socialization is a unique reference work for an emerging and fast-moving field.
Spans the fields of anthropology, education, applied linguistics, and human development
Includes the latest developments in second and heritage language socialization, and literary and media socialization
Discusses socialization across the entire life span and across institutional settings, including families, schools, work places, and churches
Explores data from a multitude of cultures from around the world
Spans the fields of anthropology, education, applied linguistics, and human development
Includes the latest developments in second and heritage language socialization, and literary and media socialization
Discusses socialization across the entire life span and across institutional settings, including families, schools, work places, and churches
Explores data from a multitude of cultures from around the world
Duranti, Alessandro
Grammatica e pragmatica Proceeding
Atti del XXXIV Convegno Internazionale di Studi della SIG, 2012, ISBN: ISBN: 9788898640577.
@proceedings{Duranti2012,
title = {Grammatica e pragmatica},
author = {Alessandro Duranti},
editor = {F. Orletti and E. Lombardi Vallauri and A. Pompei},
isbn = {ISBN: 9788898640577},
year = {2012},
date = {2012-01-01},
pages = {191-204},
publisher = {Atti del XXXIV Convegno Internazionale di Studi della SIG},
abstract = {Tramite riviste, convegni, libri e corsi universitari, la pragmatica linguistica ha prodotto negli ultimi cinquant' anni una gran quantita di analisi e dati sui rapporti tra le lingue storico-naturali e i loro contesti d'uso. Questa ricchezza di materiali e stata il frutto della polivalenza epistemologica e ontologica della disciplina, che continua a essere - per usare un termine introdotto nella storia della scienza da Peter Galison (1997) - una proficua 'zona di scambio' (trading zone) d'idee nelle scienze linguistiche. Nonostante questo ricco confluire di teorie, metodi e concetti analitici provenienti da tradizioni molto diverse (dalla filosofia alla sociologia) e l'opposizione dei pragmatisti al programma chomskiano di una linguistica autonoma, la pragmatica e rimasta fedele all'impegno cognitivista di interpretare gli atti linguistici come aventi origine e spiegazione in processi mentali come la memoria, le classificazioni, le inferenze logiche e le intenzioni dei parlanti-ascoltatori. Anche se originariamente imparentata con la nozione di pragmatica introdotta da logici come Rudolf Carnap e Yehoshua BarHillel, la pragmatica linguistica contemporanea rimane l' erede dello studio del linguaggio sviluppato all'interno delle cosiddette scienze cognitive a partire dagli anni Sessanta},
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Tramite riviste, convegni, libri e corsi universitari, la pragmatica linguistica ha prodotto negli ultimi cinquant' anni una gran quantita di analisi e dati sui rapporti tra le lingue storico-naturali e i loro contesti d'uso. Questa ricchezza di materiali e stata il frutto della polivalenza epistemologica e ontologica della disciplina, che continua a essere - per usare un termine introdotto nella storia della scienza da Peter Galison (1997) - una proficua 'zona di scambio' (trading zone) d'idee nelle scienze linguistiche. Nonostante questo ricco confluire di teorie, metodi e concetti analitici provenienti da tradizioni molto diverse (dalla filosofia alla sociologia) e l'opposizione dei pragmatisti al programma chomskiano di una linguistica autonoma, la pragmatica e rimasta fedele all'impegno cognitivista di interpretare gli atti linguistici come aventi origine e spiegazione in processi mentali come la memoria, le classificazioni, le inferenze logiche e le intenzioni dei parlanti-ascoltatori. Anche se originariamente imparentata con la nozione di pragmatica introdotta da logici come Rudolf Carnap e Yehoshua BarHillel, la pragmatica linguistica contemporanea rimane l' erede dello studio del linguaggio sviluppato all'interno delle cosiddette scienze cognitive a partire dagli anni Sessanta
2011
Duranti, Alessandro; Black, S.
Handbook of Language Socialization Book Chapter
In: Duranti, Alessandro; Ochs, Elinor; Schieffelin, Bambi B. (Ed.): The Handbook of Language Socialization, Wiley-Blackwell, First Edition, 2011, ISBN: 9781405191869.
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year = {2011},
date = {2011-11-23},
booktitle = {The Handbook of Language Socialization},
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Documenting how in the course of acquiring language children become speakers and members of communities, The Handbook of Language Socialization is a unique reference work for an emerging and fast-moving field. Spans the fields of anthropology, education, applied linguistics, and human development. Includes the latest developments in second and heritage language socialization, and literary and media socialization. Discusses socialization across the entire life span and across institutional settings, including families, schools, work places, and churches. Explores data from a multitude of cultures from around the world.
Duranti, Alessandro
Ethnopragmatics and Beyond: Intentionality and Agency Across Languages and Cultures Book Chapter
In: Baraldi, Claudio; Borsari, Andrea; Carli, Augusto (Ed.): Hybrids, Differences, Visions: On the Study of Culture, The Davies Group Publisher, 2011.
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Duranti, Alessandro
Il blues per insegnare le scienze sociali Book Chapter
In: Ajello, Anna Maria; Ghione, Valentina (Ed.): Comunicazione e apprendimento tra scuola e società: Scritti in onore di Clotilde Pontecorvo, pp. 191-200, Edizioni Infantiae.Org, 2011, ISBN: 9788889529119.
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abstract = {The volume presents a cross-section of fundamental themes, ranging from teacher training and updating, to educational experimentation, to the acquisition of written language and scientific skills, to methods of elaboration and reasoning in the classroom. In addition to these aspects, issues of education policy in general are addressed that Clotilde Pontecorvo has addressed with a constant commitment throughout her university career. This book is intended for all those who deal with psycho-educational problems, such as researchers, students of related degree courses, teachers, educators and parents.},
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The volume presents a cross-section of fundamental themes, ranging from teacher training and updating, to educational experimentation, to the acquisition of written language and scientific skills, to methods of elaboration and reasoning in the classroom. In addition to these aspects, issues of education policy in general are addressed that Clotilde Pontecorvo has addressed with a constant commitment throughout her university career. This book is intended for all those who deal with psycho-educational problems, such as researchers, students of related degree courses, teachers, educators and parents.
Duranti, Alessandro
Linguistic Anthropology: Language as a Non-Neutral Medium Book Chapter
In: Mesthrie, Raj (Ed.): The Cambridge Handbook of Sociolinguistics, Cambridge University Press, 2011.
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date = {2011-01-01},
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Keating, Elizabeth; Duranti, Alessandro
Discourse and culture Book Chapter
In: vol. 12, no. 4, pp. 331 - 356, De Gruyter Mouton, 2011.
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urldate = {2011-01-01},
volume = {12},
number = {4},
pages = {331 - 356},
publisher = {De Gruyter Mouton},
abstract = {At the end of the last chapter, I raised the reflexive issue of the status of theoretical discourse in relation to alternative versions, real or potential. The question there related to my own account of discourse, of course: I rejected the realist position of representationalism and then suggested a different, reality-constitutive one. Is my own version not realist in nature? If not, what is its specific status, or that of any such anti-representationalist position, in relation to other, different versions? However, when I raised that question, I also had a further, larger question in mind. Namely, what is the relation between such a theoretical discourse to culture? Is a universal theory of discourse possible, or even desirable?},
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At the end of the last chapter, I raised the reflexive issue of the status of theoretical discourse in relation to alternative versions, real or potential. The question there related to my own account of discourse, of course: I rejected the realist position of representationalism and then suggested a different, reality-constitutive one. Is my own version not realist in nature? If not, what is its specific status, or that of any such anti-representationalist position, in relation to other, different versions? However, when I raised that question, I also had a further, larger question in mind. Namely, what is the relation between such a theoretical discourse to culture? Is a universal theory of discourse possible, or even desirable?
2010
Duranti, Alessandro
Husserl, intersubjectivity and anthropology Journal Article
In: Anthropological Theory, vol. Vol 10(1), pp. 1–20, 2010.
@article{Duranti2010,
title = {Husserl, intersubjectivity and anthropology},
author = {Alessandro Duranti},
doi = {10.1177/1463499610370517},
year = {2010},
date = {2010-01-01},
journal = {Anthropological Theory},
volume = {Vol 10(1)},
pages = {1–20},
abstract = {In this article, the notion of intersubjectivity is re-examined by going back to its original formulation by the philosopher Edmund Husserl at the beginning of the 20th century. On the basis of a careful reading of Husserl’s books and lecture notes, four claims are put forward that help clarify in what sense intersubjectivity is a broader and more fundamental notion than currently assumed in the social sciences. In particular, it is argued that for Husserl intersubjectivity is more than shared or mutual understanding and is closer to the notion of the possibility of being in the place where the Other is. Furthermore, intersubjectivity is the source of objectivity and not always or necessarily something to be achieved or negotiated through verbal communication or other means. In fact, in its most basic sense, Husserlian intersubjectivity includes a mode of participation in the natural and material world that does not even require an immediately perceivable human presence. Following this discussion, it is suggested that the full range of meanings of intersubjectivity found in Husserl’s writings can be used as the basis for a study of the human condition that has a chance to unite all subfields of anthropology as practiced in the US. With this goal in mind, six related but distinct domains of intersubjectivity are proposed.},
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In this article, the notion of intersubjectivity is re-examined by going back to its original formulation by the philosopher Edmund Husserl at the beginning of the 20th century. On the basis of a careful reading of Husserl’s books and lecture notes, four claims are put forward that help clarify in what sense intersubjectivity is a broader and more fundamental notion than currently assumed in the social sciences. In particular, it is argued that for Husserl intersubjectivity is more than shared or mutual understanding and is closer to the notion of the possibility of being in the place where the Other is. Furthermore, intersubjectivity is the source of objectivity and not always or necessarily something to be achieved or negotiated through verbal communication or other means. In fact, in its most basic sense, Husserlian intersubjectivity includes a mode of participation in the natural and material world that does not even require an immediately perceivable human presence. Following this discussion, it is suggested that the full range of meanings of intersubjectivity found in Husserl’s writings can be used as the basis for a study of the human condition that has a chance to unite all subfields of anthropology as practiced in the US. With this goal in mind, six related but distinct domains of intersubjectivity are proposed.
2009
Duranti, Alessandro
The Force of Language and its Temporal Unfolding Book Chapter
In: Turner, Kenneth; Fraser, Bruce (Ed.): Language in Life and a Life in Language: Jacob Mey, pp. 63-71, Emerald Group Publishing Limited, 2009, ISBN: 9789004253209.
@inbook{Duranti2009c,
title = {The Force of Language and its Temporal Unfolding},
author = {Alessandro Duranti},
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doi = {10.1163/9789004253209_010},
isbn = {9789004253209},
year = {2009},
date = {2009-12-02},
booktitle = {Language in Life and a Life in Language: Jacob Mey},
pages = {63-71},
publisher = {Emerald Group Publishing Limited},
abstract = {Pragmatics as an interdisciplinary fi eld has expanded the concept of language as an object of inquiry to include the use of language by its speakers. This interest among pragmaticians originated from two sets of observations: (1) some linguistic expressions cannot be understood without reference to the context of their use (e.g. personal pronouns and other deictic elements of linguistic systems) and (2) utterances not only describe the world or, rather, the experience of it, but also act upon the world, affecting our experience and the experience of others. From its inception, then, pragmatics has been two-faceted. It encouraged an expansion of the notion of language both as a code and as action. In terms of language as a code, pragmaticians focused on the grammaticalization of contextual variants such as the social status of the speaker and hearer or their social relations. In terms of language as action, the focus has been on the conditions that allow for a given utterance to have certain conventional effects.},
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Pragmatics as an interdisciplinary fi eld has expanded the concept of language as an object of inquiry to include the use of language by its speakers. This interest among pragmaticians originated from two sets of observations: (1) some linguistic expressions cannot be understood without reference to the context of their use (e.g. personal pronouns and other deictic elements of linguistic systems) and (2) utterances not only describe the world or, rather, the experience of it, but also act upon the world, affecting our experience and the experience of others. From its inception, then, pragmatics has been two-faceted. It encouraged an expansion of the notion of language both as a code and as action. In terms of language as a code, pragmaticians focused on the grammaticalization of contextual variants such as the social status of the speaker and hearer or their social relations. In terms of language as action, the focus has been on the conditions that allow for a given utterance to have certain conventional effects.
Duranti, Alessandro
The Relevance of Husserl’s Theory to Language Socialization Journal Article
In: Journal of Linguistic Anthropology, vol. 19(2), pp. 205-226, 2009, ISSN: 1055-1360.
@article{Duranti2009b,
title = {The Relevance of Husserl’s Theory to Language Socialization},
author = {Alessandro Duranti},
doi = {10.1111/j.1548-1395.2009.01031.x},
issn = {1055-1360},
year = {2009},
date = {2009-11-17},
urldate = {2009-11-17},
journal = {Journal of Linguistic Anthropology},
volume = {19(2)},
pages = {205-226},
abstract = {This article suggests that the theory of language socialization could benefit from adopting some key concepts originally introduced by the philosopher Edmund Husserl in the first part of the twentieth century. In particular, it focuses on Husserl’s notion of “(phenomenological) modification,” to be understood as a change in “the natural attitude” that humans have toward the phenomenal world, their own actions included. After providing examples of different kinds of modifications in interpreting language and listening to music, Husserl’s notion of “theoretical attitude” (a modification of “the natural attitude”) is introduced and shown to be common in adult conversations as well as in interactions between adults and young children. A reanalysis of an exchange previously examined by Platt (1986) between a Samoan mother and her son is provided to show the benefits of an integration of phenomenological and interactional perspectives on adult-child discourse. Finally, it is suggested that the failure sometimes experienced by children and adults to adopt new ways of being may be due to the accumulated effects of modifications experienced earlier in life which make it difficult if not impossible to retrieve earlier, premodificational ways of being.},
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This article suggests that the theory of language socialization could benefit from adopting some key concepts originally introduced by the philosopher Edmund Husserl in the first part of the twentieth century. In particular, it focuses on Husserl’s notion of “(phenomenological) modification,” to be understood as a change in “the natural attitude” that humans have toward the phenomenal world, their own actions included. After providing examples of different kinds of modifications in interpreting language and listening to music, Husserl’s notion of “theoretical attitude” (a modification of “the natural attitude”) is introduced and shown to be common in adult conversations as well as in interactions between adults and young children. A reanalysis of an exchange previously examined by Platt (1986) between a Samoan mother and her son is provided to show the benefits of an integration of phenomenological and interactional perspectives on adult-child discourse. Finally, it is suggested that the failure sometimes experienced by children and adults to adopt new ways of being may be due to the accumulated effects of modifications experienced earlier in life which make it difficult if not impossible to retrieve earlier, premodificational ways of being.
Duranti, Alessandro (Ed.)
Linguistic Anthropology: A Reader, 2nd Edition Book
2nd Edition, Wiley-Blackwell, 2009, ISBN: 978-1-405-12632-8.
@book{Duranti2009,
title = {Linguistic Anthropology: A Reader, 2nd Edition},
editor = {Alessandro Duranti},
isbn = {978-1-405-12632-8},
year = {2009},
date = {2009-05-01},
pages = {534 Pages},
publisher = {Wiley-Blackwell},
edition = {2nd Edition},
abstract = {Linguistic Anthropology: A Reader is a comprehensive collection of the best work that has been published in this exciting and growing area of anthropology, and is organized to provide a guide to key issues in the study of language as a cultural resource and speaking as a cultural practice.
Revised and updated, this second edition contains eight new articles on key subjects, including speech communities, the power and performance of language, and narratives
Selections are both historically oriented and thematically coherent, and are accessibly grouped according to four major themes: speech community and communicative competence; the performance of language; language socialization and literacy practices; and the power of language
An extensive introduction provides an original perspective on the development of the field and highlights its most compelling issues
Each section includes a brief introductory statement, sets of guiding questions, and list of recommended readings on the main topics},
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Linguistic Anthropology: A Reader is a comprehensive collection of the best work that has been published in this exciting and growing area of anthropology, and is organized to provide a guide to key issues in the study of language as a cultural resource and speaking as a cultural practice.
Revised and updated, this second edition contains eight new articles on key subjects, including speech communities, the power and performance of language, and narratives
Selections are both historically oriented and thematically coherent, and are accessibly grouped according to four major themes: speech community and communicative competence; the performance of language; language socialization and literacy practices; and the power of language
An extensive introduction provides an original perspective on the development of the field and highlights its most compelling issues
Each section includes a brief introductory statement, sets of guiding questions, and list of recommended readings on the main topics
Revised and updated, this second edition contains eight new articles on key subjects, including speech communities, the power and performance of language, and narratives
Selections are both historically oriented and thematically coherent, and are accessibly grouped according to four major themes: speech community and communicative competence; the performance of language; language socialization and literacy practices; and the power of language
An extensive introduction provides an original perspective on the development of the field and highlights its most compelling issues
Each section includes a brief introductory statement, sets of guiding questions, and list of recommended readings on the main topics
Duranti, Alessandro
Ambivalence par rapport à l’écrit chez les orateurs samoans et les musiciens de jazz américaines Book Chapter
In: L’oralité avec impertinence, vol. 189, pp. 23-47, 2009.
@inbook{Duranti2009d,
title = {Ambivalence par rapport à l’écrit chez les orateurs samoans et les musiciens de jazz américaines},
author = {Alessandro Duranti},
doi = {10.4000/lhomme.21978},
year = {2009},
date = {2009-01-01},
booktitle = {L’oralité avec impertinence},
volume = {189},
pages = {23-47},
abstract = {Se fondant sur deux projets de recherche, l’un mené à Samoa (Samoa occidentale), l’autre dans plusieurs cours de jazz d’une université américaine, cet article propose une comparaison des attitudes complexes et en apparence contradictoires des membres de chaque communauté vis-à-vis de l’écrit et de l’oral. Leur « positionnement négatif » par rapport à l’usage de l’écrit dans certains contextes peut s’expliquer comme faisant partie d’un ensemble de stratégies adoptées par les membres les plus anciens et les plus expérimentés de la communauté pour résister à l’écriture vue comme une menace pour le savoir et les valeurs esthétiques, morales et sociales traditionnelles.},
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Se fondant sur deux projets de recherche, l’un mené à Samoa (Samoa occidentale), l’autre dans plusieurs cours de jazz d’une université américaine, cet article propose une comparaison des attitudes complexes et en apparence contradictoires des membres de chaque communauté vis-à-vis de l’écrit et de l’oral. Leur « positionnement négatif » par rapport à l’usage de l’écrit dans certains contextes peut s’expliquer comme faisant partie d’un ensemble de stratégies adoptées par les membres les plus anciens et les plus expérimentés de la communauté pour résister à l’écriture vue comme une menace pour le savoir et les valeurs esthétiques, morales et sociales traditionnelles.
2008
Duranti, Alessandro
Further Reflections on Reading Other Minds Journal Article
In: Anthropological Quarterly, vol. 81, no. 2, pp. 483-494, 2008, ISSN: 1534-1518.
@article{Duranti2008,
title = {Further Reflections on Reading Other Minds},
author = {Alessandro Duranti},
doi = {10.1353/anq.0.0002},
issn = {1534-1518},
year = {2008},
date = {2008-03-01},
journal = {Anthropological Quarterly},
volume = {81},
number = {2},
pages = {483-494},
edition = {Spring 2008},
abstract = {The articles in this special collection give us an opportunity to further reflect on a central concern for any discipline dedicated to the study of human action, namely, the role that introspection plays in giving us insights into what people think, feel, and want. The starting point of this discussion is the observation that members of a number of Pacific societies have been said to claim—or to imply through their behavior—that it is impossible to know what goes on in another person's mind. This claim, called the "doctrine of the opacity of other minds" by the editors (hereafter "opacity doctrine"), is often extended to the self, as when native consultants refuse to provide motivations for their own actions or resist any kind of intentional reading of what they have just done. In treating this type of attitude as a puzzle that needs our empirical and theoretical attention, the authors in this collection, like those of us who were dealing with it some twenty plus years ago, are making a set of analytical choices based on assumptions that should be re-examined. In the following comments I review some potential problems that emerge in the arguments presented in this collection and also suggest some ways of integrating philosophical and anthropological perspectives that could help develop more precise research tools and hypotheses about the opacity doctrine. A careful reading of the articles in this collection shows that the opacity doctrine has been dealt with on two main levels, observational and explanatory, each of which relies on a different order of generalizations and implies different kinds of analytical categories and types of argumentation. The first level—which we might call "observational"—draws from fieldwork situations in which ethnographers try to get their consultants, field assistants, hosts, and friends to tell them about other members' actions, motivations, explanations, and emotions. These attempts, as we know from the ethnographic literature, which include the articles in this collection, are sometimes met with surprise, suspicion, or flat rejection, as in "How would I know?" or "Why should I know?" Such responses are subsequently interpreted as consistent with a particular "local" theory of interpretation, to be distinguished from the ethnographer's. This move transforms the earlier "observational" level into a first stage "explanatory" level. With the confidence that comes with labeling, ethnographers could begin to search for more evidence to support their hypothesis about the local theory. At this point ethnographers also face the question of whether they themselves are creating the problem, and the theory, by asking certain kinds of questions (Briggs 1984). Could it be that a different way of asking about introspection would bring about a different kind of answer? This line of inquiry, as far as I know, has never been fully developed, even though the next step could be seen in part as a way of addressing this issue. Armed with the hypothesis that the natives have a way of thinking about what we can know about others that is different from what is usually assumed in western theories of meaning, ethnographers are able to search for naturally occurring situations in which the same reluctance to read other minds might manifest itself spontaneously, that is, without any outsider's prompting. One important source of evidence for this line of investigation is provided by language socialization studies, as shown by Bambi Schiefflin in this volume and elsewhere (Schieffelin 1990:72–3). The fact that Bosavi adults do not try to guess what an infant is trying to say—Bosavi, like Samoans (Ochs 1982), do not "expand" children's elliptical utterances—shows that the opacity doctrine works across a number of activities and contexts. Another opportunity to look for further evidence of the local theory is presented through inter-cultural contact situations and the introduction of new activities that typically accompany contact. For example, it makes sense to hypothesize that the opacity doctrine would inhibit or in some way affect participation in introduced Christian practices such as confession, which relies on the assumption of the existence of an inner self that is accessible to introspection (Cary 2000).},
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The articles in this special collection give us an opportunity to further reflect on a central concern for any discipline dedicated to the study of human action, namely, the role that introspection plays in giving us insights into what people think, feel, and want. The starting point of this discussion is the observation that members of a number of Pacific societies have been said to claim—or to imply through their behavior—that it is impossible to know what goes on in another person's mind. This claim, called the "doctrine of the opacity of other minds" by the editors (hereafter "opacity doctrine"), is often extended to the self, as when native consultants refuse to provide motivations for their own actions or resist any kind of intentional reading of what they have just done. In treating this type of attitude as a puzzle that needs our empirical and theoretical attention, the authors in this collection, like those of us who were dealing with it some twenty plus years ago, are making a set of analytical choices based on assumptions that should be re-examined. In the following comments I review some potential problems that emerge in the arguments presented in this collection and also suggest some ways of integrating philosophical and anthropological perspectives that could help develop more precise research tools and hypotheses about the opacity doctrine. A careful reading of the articles in this collection shows that the opacity doctrine has been dealt with on two main levels, observational and explanatory, each of which relies on a different order of generalizations and implies different kinds of analytical categories and types of argumentation. The first level—which we might call "observational"—draws from fieldwork situations in which ethnographers try to get their consultants, field assistants, hosts, and friends to tell them about other members' actions, motivations, explanations, and emotions. These attempts, as we know from the ethnographic literature, which include the articles in this collection, are sometimes met with surprise, suspicion, or flat rejection, as in "How would I know?" or "Why should I know?" Such responses are subsequently interpreted as consistent with a particular "local" theory of interpretation, to be distinguished from the ethnographer's. This move transforms the earlier "observational" level into a first stage "explanatory" level. With the confidence that comes with labeling, ethnographers could begin to search for more evidence to support their hypothesis about the local theory. At this point ethnographers also face the question of whether they themselves are creating the problem, and the theory, by asking certain kinds of questions (Briggs 1984). Could it be that a different way of asking about introspection would bring about a different kind of answer? This line of inquiry, as far as I know, has never been fully developed, even though the next step could be seen in part as a way of addressing this issue. Armed with the hypothesis that the natives have a way of thinking about what we can know about others that is different from what is usually assumed in western theories of meaning, ethnographers are able to search for naturally occurring situations in which the same reluctance to read other minds might manifest itself spontaneously, that is, without any outsider's prompting. One important source of evidence for this line of investigation is provided by language socialization studies, as shown by Bambi Schiefflin in this volume and elsewhere (Schieffelin 1990:72–3). The fact that Bosavi adults do not try to guess what an infant is trying to say—Bosavi, like Samoans (Ochs 1982), do not "expand" children's elliptical utterances—shows that the opacity doctrine works across a number of activities and contexts. Another opportunity to look for further evidence of the local theory is presented through inter-cultural contact situations and the introduction of new activities that typically accompany contact. For example, it makes sense to hypothesize that the opacity doctrine would inhibit or in some way affect participation in introduced Christian practices such as confession, which relies on the assumption of the existence of an inner self that is accessible to introspection (Cary 2000).
2007
Duranti, Alessandro
Comment on Kockelman’s article “Agency: The Relation between Meaning, Power, and Knowledge Miscellaneous
2007.
@misc{Duranti2007c,
title = {Comment on Kockelman’s article “Agency: The Relation between Meaning, Power, and Knowledge},
author = {Alessandro Duranti},
year = {2007},
date = {2007-06-01},
journal = {Current Anthropology},
volume = {48},
number = {3},
pages = {391},
publisher = {The University of Chicago Press on behalf of Wenner-Gren Foundation for Anthropological Research},
abstract = {Comment on Kockelman’s article \emph{“Agency: The Relation between Meaning, Power, and Knowledge}
This is an ambitious project. We cannot but be impressed by Kockelman’s audacity in building an analytically complex conceptual apparatus for such a popular and yet slippery concept, even though we might be distracted by the abundance of subcategories and definitions. At a general level, linguistic anthropologists will be sympathetic to the view of human interaction as semiosis that underlies Peirce’s writings and Kockelman’s model. The article also gives us a chance to reexamine Peirce’s notion of interpretant understood as the effect(s) of the use of a particular sign...},
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Comment on Kockelman’s article “Agency: The Relation between Meaning, Power, and Knowledge
This is an ambitious project. We cannot but be impressed by Kockelman’s audacity in building an analytically complex conceptual apparatus for such a popular and yet slippery concept, even though we might be distracted by the abundance of subcategories and definitions. At a general level, linguistic anthropologists will be sympathetic to the view of human interaction as semiosis that underlies Peirce’s writings and Kockelman’s model. The article also gives us a chance to reexamine Peirce’s notion of interpretant understood as the effect(s) of the use of a particular sign...
This is an ambitious project. We cannot but be impressed by Kockelman’s audacity in building an analytically complex conceptual apparatus for such a popular and yet slippery concept, even though we might be distracted by the abundance of subcategories and definitions. At a general level, linguistic anthropologists will be sympathetic to the view of human interaction as semiosis that underlies Peirce’s writings and Kockelman’s model. The article also gives us a chance to reexamine Peirce’s notion of interpretant understood as the effect(s) of the use of a particular sign...
Duranti, Alessandro
Etnopragmatica. La Forza nel Parlare Book
2007, Carocci, 2007, ISBN: 9788843040056.
@book{Duranti2007,
title = {Etnopragmatica. La Forza nel Parlare},
author = {Alessandro Duranti},
isbn = {9788843040056},
year = {2007},
date = {2007-01-25},
pages = {160 Pages},
publisher = {Carocci},
edition = {2007},
abstract = {Il libro propone una nuova disciplina, l’etnopragmatica, con cui studiare le condizioni per l’uso del linguaggio come azione sociale. Partendo dall’ipotesi che le parole hanno sempre, nell’interazione quotidiana, una loro forza, l’etnopragmatica cerca di stabilire le condizioni, sia all’interno sia all’esterno dei codici linguistici, che rendono possibile tale forza, permettendo agli essere umani di avere un impatto sul contesto sociale di cui sono partecipi. L’analisi degli atti linguistici e della codifica dell’esperienza implicita nelle strutture grammaticali delle lingue storico-naturali diventa allora uno studio di quel tipo particolare di essere-nel-mondo che è permesso e presupposto dal linguaggio. Nell’introdurre le questioni di metodo e di teoria, la discussione parte sempre da un’analisi dettagliata ma accessibile anche al lettore non specialista delle situazioni più diverse: dalla costruzione dell’identità dei candidati in una campagna elettorale in California alle metafore usate dai musicisti jazz e dagli scrittori per parlare della creatività, dalla concettualizzazione della responsabilità degli oratori samoani alle intuizioni sulla grammatica dell’aymara parlato in Perú. Nell’invitarci a non separare il fare morale del parlare dal suo fare estetico, l’etnopragmatica offre una rilettura antropologica, interazionista ed esistenziale delle scienze del linguaggio del XX secolo.},
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Il libro propone una nuova disciplina, l’etnopragmatica, con cui studiare le condizioni per l’uso del linguaggio come azione sociale. Partendo dall’ipotesi che le parole hanno sempre, nell’interazione quotidiana, una loro forza, l’etnopragmatica cerca di stabilire le condizioni, sia all’interno sia all’esterno dei codici linguistici, che rendono possibile tale forza, permettendo agli essere umani di avere un impatto sul contesto sociale di cui sono partecipi. L’analisi degli atti linguistici e della codifica dell’esperienza implicita nelle strutture grammaticali delle lingue storico-naturali diventa allora uno studio di quel tipo particolare di essere-nel-mondo che è permesso e presupposto dal linguaggio. Nell’introdurre le questioni di metodo e di teoria, la discussione parte sempre da un’analisi dettagliata ma accessibile anche al lettore non specialista delle situazioni più diverse: dalla costruzione dell’identità dei candidati in una campagna elettorale in California alle metafore usate dai musicisti jazz e dagli scrittori per parlare della creatività, dalla concettualizzazione della responsabilità degli oratori samoani alle intuizioni sulla grammatica dell’aymara parlato in Perú. Nell’invitarci a non separare il fare morale del parlare dal suo fare estetico, l’etnopragmatica offre una rilettura antropologica, interazionista ed esistenziale delle scienze del linguaggio del XX secolo.
Duranti, Alessandro
The Magic Lecture: Where Everything Finally Comes Together Book Chapter
In: Rice, P.; Kottak, C.; McCurdy, D. (Ed.): The Joys of Teaching Anthropology, pp. 73-80, McGraw Hill, 2007.
@inbook{Duranti2007b,
title = {The Magic Lecture: Where Everything Finally Comes Together},
author = {Alessandro Duranti},
editor = {P. Rice and C. Kottak and D. McCurdy},
year = {2007},
date = {2007-01-01},
booktitle = {The Joys of Teaching Anthropology},
pages = {73-80},
publisher = {McGraw Hill},
abstract = {There is no question that for most university instructors undergraduate teaching is the real challenge. In general, it is easier to teach graduate students because they are already committed to the field and are eager to learn from us. With undergraduate students it's different. They may have no background in our discipline and no commitment to become experts of it. Things get even more challenging when one teaches a large undergraduate course that fulfills a general education requirement. In this case, one may have pre-coeds and other science majors who are not used to reading the kinds of texts that are common in socio-cultural and linguistic anthropology. In my case, when I teach my lower division course on linguistic anthropology two additional complications are produced by my choice of textbooks and my teaching style. I use a reader in linguistic anthropology and a couple of monographs that provide examples of in-depth ethnographic studies with an emphasis on communication (from face-to-face conversation to music performance). This means that I don't use a textbook that lays down a map of the field of study or provides easily memorized definitions. Students have to master material that was not originally written for them. This makes it difficult for them to know what they are supposed to pay attention to or remember out of an article or even a paragraph. The second complication is my teaching style. I like to keep the structure of my lectures open enough to allow me to step out of the plan of the day, to venture into a topic that was not in the syllabus, or into collective problem solving, for example on the ways in which jazz musicians organize the sequence of their solos in a particular recording (I used to start my first lecture by playing Charlie Parker's "Blues For Alice" and ask the students to "take some notes" — no pun intended). These activities are often perceived as "digressions" or "confusing" and result in the perception by a good number of students that I am not very organized or that I tend to "go off on tangents." Since from my own point of view, I am incredibly organized (check my web site!), it took me years to figure out (i) how to make sense of the students' reactions and (ii) what to do about them. Once I stopped being defensive and listened more carefully to what the students were saying, I realized that they actually liked the content of the course and me as a teacher but were just anxious the whole time. The course and I seemed not only "different," but too unpredictable. It was then that I had the idea of a "magic lecture" to conclude the course. },
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There is no question that for most university instructors undergraduate teaching is the real challenge. In general, it is easier to teach graduate students because they are already committed to the field and are eager to learn from us. With undergraduate students it's different. They may have no background in our discipline and no commitment to become experts of it. Things get even more challenging when one teaches a large undergraduate course that fulfills a general education requirement. In this case, one may have pre-coeds and other science majors who are not used to reading the kinds of texts that are common in socio-cultural and linguistic anthropology. In my case, when I teach my lower division course on linguistic anthropology two additional complications are produced by my choice of textbooks and my teaching style. I use a reader in linguistic anthropology and a couple of monographs that provide examples of in-depth ethnographic studies with an emphasis on communication (from face-to-face conversation to music performance). This means that I don't use a textbook that lays down a map of the field of study or provides easily memorized definitions. Students have to master material that was not originally written for them. This makes it difficult for them to know what they are supposed to pay attention to or remember out of an article or even a paragraph. The second complication is my teaching style. I like to keep the structure of my lectures open enough to allow me to step out of the plan of the day, to venture into a topic that was not in the syllabus, or into collective problem solving, for example on the ways in which jazz musicians organize the sequence of their solos in a particular recording (I used to start my first lecture by playing Charlie Parker's "Blues For Alice" and ask the students to "take some notes" — no pun intended). These activities are often perceived as "digressions" or "confusing" and result in the perception by a good number of students that I am not very organized or that I tend to "go off on tangents." Since from my own point of view, I am incredibly organized (check my web site!), it took me years to figure out (i) how to make sense of the students' reactions and (ii) what to do about them. Once I stopped being defensive and listened more carefully to what the students were saying, I realized that they actually liked the content of the course and me as a teacher but were just anxious the whole time. The course and I seemed not only "different," but too unpredictable. It was then that I had the idea of a "magic lecture" to conclude the course.
2006
Duranti, Alessandro
Transcripts, Like Shadows on a Wall Journal Article
In: Mind, Culture and Activity, vol. 13, no. 4, pp. 301-310, 2006.
@article{Duranti2006,
title = {Transcripts, Like Shadows on a Wall},
author = {Alessandro Duranti},
doi = {10.1207/s15327884mca1304_3},
year = {2006},
date = {2006-12-01},
journal = {Mind, Culture and Activity},
volume = {13},
number = {4},
pages = {301-310},
abstract = {Over the last 50 years the process of producing transcripts of all kinds of interactions has become an important practice for researchers in a wide range of disciplines. Only rarely, however, has transcription been analyzed as a cultural practice. It is here argued that it is precisely the lack of understanding of what is involved in transcribing that has produced a number of epistemological problems, including the tendency to become either virtual-realists or hypercontextualists. By proposing a new interpretation of Plato's famous story of the prisoners in the cave who could only see the shadows of what was happening outside, this article examines the advantages of the selective nature of transcription, unveils some of the cognitive and affective implications of engaging in transcription, and proposes a complementary approach to transcription, in which transcripts are evaluated with respect to what they can (or cannot) reveal within a particular domain of inquiry.},
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Over the last 50 years the process of producing transcripts of all kinds of interactions has become an important practice for researchers in a wide range of disciplines. Only rarely, however, has transcription been analyzed as a cultural practice. It is here argued that it is precisely the lack of understanding of what is involved in transcribing that has produced a number of epistemological problems, including the tendency to become either virtual-realists or hypercontextualists. By proposing a new interpretation of Plato's famous story of the prisoners in the cave who could only see the shadows of what was happening outside, this article examines the advantages of the selective nature of transcription, unveils some of the cognitive and affective implications of engaging in transcription, and proposes a complementary approach to transcription, in which transcripts are evaluated with respect to what they can (or cannot) reveal within a particular domain of inquiry.
Keating, Elizabeth; Duranti, Alessandro
Honorific Resources for the Construction of Hierarchy in Samoan and Pohnpeian Journal Article
In: The Journal of Polynesian Society, vol. 115, no. 2, pp. 145-172, 2006.
@article{Keating2006,
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Duranti, Alessandro
Review of Richard Bauman A World of Others’ Words: Cross-Cultural Perspectives on Intertextuality Miscellaneous
2006.
@misc{Duranti2006b,
title = {Review of Richard Bauman A World of Others’ Words: Cross-Cultural Perspectives on Intertextuality},
author = {Alessandro Duranti},
year = {2006},
date = {2006-01-01},
journal = {American Anthropologist},
volume = {108},
pages = {403-404},
publisher = {Wiley on behalf of the American Anthropological Association},
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Keating, Elizabeth; Duranti, Alessandro
Honorific resources for the construction of hierarchy in Samoan and Pohnpeian Journal Article
In: Journal of the Polynesian Society, vol. 115, no. 2, pp. 145-172, 2006.
@article{Keating2006c,
title = {Honorific resources for the construction of hierarchy in Samoan and Pohnpeian},
author = {Elizabeth Keating and Alessandro Duranti},
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urldate = {2006-01-01},
journal = {Journal of the Polynesian Society},
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abstract = {Anthropologists and linguists are interested in 'honorifics', a particular set of linguistic forms, as they provide evidence about how people jointly negotiate a system of shared understanding about group and individual ranked relationships. A study of honorifics employed in two highly stratified Pacific societies, Pohnpei and Samoa, is illustrated to show the way the members of these two societies creatively use honorifics and other semiotic resources to achieve and distribute social power and meaningful social difference among themselves.},
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Anthropologists and linguists are interested in 'honorifics', a particular set of linguistic forms, as they provide evidence about how people jointly negotiate a system of shared understanding about group and individual ranked relationships. A study of honorifics employed in two highly stratified Pacific societies, Pohnpei and Samoa, is illustrated to show the way the members of these two societies creatively use honorifics and other semiotic resources to achieve and distribute social power and meaningful social difference among themselves.
2005
Browning, Anjali; Duranti, Alessandro
Theories and models of language, interaction and culture Journal Article
In: A Special Issue of Discourse Studies, vol. 7, pp. 403-407, 2005.
@article{Duranti2005,
title = {Theories and models of language, interaction and culture},
author = {Anjali Browning and Alessandro Duranti},
doi = {10.1177/1461445605054399},
year = {2005},
date = {2005-10-01},
journal = {A Special Issue of Discourse Studies},
volume = {7},
pages = {403-407},
publisher = {Sage Publications},
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Duranti, Alessandro (Ed.)
A Companion to Linguistic Anthropology Book
Blackwell Publishing Ltd, 2005, ISBN: 9780631223528.
@book{Duranti2005b,
title = {A Companion to Linguistic Anthropology},
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year = {2005},
date = {2005-01-01},
publisher = {Blackwell Publishing Ltd},
abstract = {A Companion to Linguistic Anthropology provides a series of in-depth explorations of key concepts and approaches by some of the scholars whose work constitutes the theoretical and methodological foundations of the contemporary study of language as culture.
Provides a definitive overview of the field of linguistic anthropology, comprised of original contributions by leading scholars in the field
Summarizes past and contemporary research across the field and is intended to spur students and scholars to pursue new paths in the coming decades
Includes a comprehensive bibliography of over 2000 entries designed as a resource for anyone seeking a guide to the literature of linguistic anthropology},
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A Companion to Linguistic Anthropology provides a series of in-depth explorations of key concepts and approaches by some of the scholars whose work constitutes the theoretical and methodological foundations of the contemporary study of language as culture.
Provides a definitive overview of the field of linguistic anthropology, comprised of original contributions by leading scholars in the field
Summarizes past and contemporary research across the field and is intended to spur students and scholars to pursue new paths in the coming decades
Includes a comprehensive bibliography of over 2000 entries designed as a resource for anyone seeking a guide to the literature of linguistic anthropology
Provides a definitive overview of the field of linguistic anthropology, comprised of original contributions by leading scholars in the field
Summarizes past and contemporary research across the field and is intended to spur students and scholars to pursue new paths in the coming decades
Includes a comprehensive bibliography of over 2000 entries designed as a resource for anyone seeking a guide to the literature of linguistic anthropology
2002
Mannheim, Bruce
Iconicità/Iconicity Book Chapter
In: Duranti, Alessandro (Ed.): pp. 143-148, Meltemi, 2002.
@inbook{Mannheim2002,
title = {Iconicità/Iconicity},
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2001
Duranti, Alessandro
Linguistic Anthropology: A Reader- 1st Edition Book
1st Edition, John Wiley & Sons, 2001, ISBN: 9781405126335.
@book{Duranti2001,
title = {Linguistic Anthropology: A Reader- 1st Edition},
author = {Alessandro Duranti},
doi = {10.1017/CBO9780511810190},
isbn = {9781405126335},
year = {2001},
date = {2001-01-01},
publisher = {John Wiley & Sons},
edition = {1st Edition},
abstract = {Linguistic Anthropology: A Reader is a comprehensive collection of the best work that has been published in this exciting and growing area of anthropology, and is organized to provide a guide to key issues in the study of language as a cultural resource and speaking as a cultural practice.Revised and updated, this second edition contains eight new articles on key subjects, including speech communities, the power and performance of language, and narrativesSelections are both historically oriented and thematically coherent, and are accessibly grouped according to four major themes: speech community and communicative competence; the performance of language; language socialization and literacy practices; and the power of languageAn extensive introduction provides an original perspective on the development of the field and highlights its most compelling issuesEach section includes a brief introductory statement, sets of guiding questions, and list of recommended readings on the main topics},
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Linguistic Anthropology: A Reader is a comprehensive collection of the best work that has been published in this exciting and growing area of anthropology, and is organized to provide a guide to key issues in the study of language as a cultural resource and speaking as a cultural practice.Revised and updated, this second edition contains eight new articles on key subjects, including speech communities, the power and performance of language, and narrativesSelections are both historically oriented and thematically coherent, and are accessibly grouped according to four major themes: speech community and communicative competence; the performance of language; language socialization and literacy practices; and the power of languageAn extensive introduction provides an original perspective on the development of the field and highlights its most compelling issuesEach section includes a brief introductory statement, sets of guiding questions, and list of recommended readings on the main topics
Duranti, Alessandro (Ed.)
Key Terms in Language and Culture Book
2001, ISBN: 978-0-631-22665-9.
@book{Duranti2001b,
title = {Key Terms in Language and Culture},
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isbn = {978-0-631-22665-9},
year = {2001},
date = {2001-01-01},
journal = {Blackwell},
volume = {31},
abstract = {Key terms in language and culture (hereafter Key terms) is an ambitious collection of 75 short essays on concepts central to linguistic anthropology and related fields. This book began as an informational session at the American Anthropological Association meetings in 1998 and was first published as a special issue of the Journal of Linguistic Anthropology (vol. 9, no. 1–2, 1999). Alessandro Duranti, Key terms' chief editor and architect, is an experienced navigator in the varied terrain of language and culture research; he is also the author of Linguistic anthropology, a comprehensive textbook that covers the discipline's major theoretical and methodological contributions. In Key terms, Duranti appeals to the expertise of 74 other scholars working on questions central to language and culture research. The result is a powerful and eclectic volume that brings together core concepts from anthropology, linguistics, folklore, philosophy, sociology, and psychology, among other fields.},
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Key terms in language and culture (hereafter Key terms) is an ambitious collection of 75 short essays on concepts central to linguistic anthropology and related fields. This book began as an informational session at the American Anthropological Association meetings in 1998 and was first published as a special issue of the Journal of Linguistic Anthropology (vol. 9, no. 1–2, 1999). Alessandro Duranti, Key terms' chief editor and architect, is an experienced navigator in the varied terrain of language and culture research; he is also the author of Linguistic anthropology, a comprehensive textbook that covers the discipline's major theoretical and methodological contributions. In Key terms, Duranti appeals to the expertise of 74 other scholars working on questions central to language and culture research. The result is a powerful and eclectic volume that brings together core concepts from anthropology, linguistics, folklore, philosophy, sociology, and psychology, among other fields.
Duranti, Alessandro (Ed.)
Culture e discorso. Un lessico per le scienze umane Book
2002, Roma : Meltemi, 2001, 2001, ISBN: 8883531078 9788883531071.
@book{Duranti2001c,
title = {Culture e discorso. Un lessico per le scienze umane},
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series = {Segnature ; 8},
abstract = {Settantacinque voci che condensano un vasto insieme di percorsi interdisciplinari e che compongono il lessico di un futuro ormai prossimo. Questo dizionario esamina parole come "categoria", "grammatica", con lo stesso approccio con cui presenta argomenti atipici come la "poesia", la "profezia", la "visione", il "corpo", mettendo in luce i complessi rapporti che connettono le lingue alle culture. Questo volume vuol stimolare la riflessione sull'importanza che riveste la lingua e in generale l'attività semiotica dell'uomo-in-società per l'antropologia.},
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Settantacinque voci che condensano un vasto insieme di percorsi interdisciplinari e che compongono il lessico di un futuro ormai prossimo. Questo dizionario esamina parole come "categoria", "grammatica", con lo stesso approccio con cui presenta argomenti atipici come la "poesia", la "profezia", la "visione", il "corpo", mettendo in luce i complessi rapporti che connettono le lingue alle culture. Questo volume vuol stimolare la riflessione sull'importanza che riveste la lingua e in generale l'attività semiotica dell'uomo-in-società per l'antropologia.
2000
Duranti, Alessandro
Antropologia del linguaggio Book
Meltemi, 2000, ISBN: 8883530357 (ISBN13: 9780521449939).
@book{Duranti2000,
title = {Antropologia del linguaggio},
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year = {2000},
date = {2000-07-14},
publisher = {Meltemi},
series = {Cambridge Textbooks in Linguistics},
abstract = {Alessandro Duranti introduces linguistic anthropology as an interdisciplinary field that studies language as a cultural resource and speaking as a cultural practice. The theories and methods of linguistic anthropology are introduced through a discussion of linguistic diversity, grammar in use, the role of speaking in social interaction, the organization and meaning of conversational structures, and the notion of participation as a unit of analysis. Linguistic Anthropology will appeal to undergraduate and graduate students.},
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Alessandro Duranti introduces linguistic anthropology as an interdisciplinary field that studies language as a cultural resource and speaking as a cultural practice. The theories and methods of linguistic anthropology are introduced through a discussion of linguistic diversity, grammar in use, the role of speaking in social interaction, the organization and meaning of conversational structures, and the notion of participation as a unit of analysis. Linguistic Anthropology will appeal to undergraduate and graduate students.
Duranti, Alessandro
Antropología lingüística (Spanish Edition) Book
1st edition, Cambridge University Press, 2000, ISBN: 8483230925.
@book{Duranti2000b,
title = {Antropología lingüística (Spanish Edition)},
author = {Alessandro Duranti},
isbn = {8483230925},
year = {2000},
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publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
edition = {1st edition},
abstract = {In this innovative textbook, Alessandro Duranti introduces linguistic anthropology as an interdisciplinary field which studies language as a cultural resource and speaking as a cultural practice. The theories and methods of linguistic anthropology are introduced through a discussion of linguistic diversity, grammar in use, the role of speaking in social interaction, the organisation and meaning of conversational structures, and the notion of participation as a unit of analysis. An entire chapter is devoted to the notion of culture, and there are invaluable methodological chapters on ethnography and transcription. Original in its treatment and yet eminently clear and readable, Linguistic Anthropology will appeal to both upper-level undergraduate and graduate students.},
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In this innovative textbook, Alessandro Duranti introduces linguistic anthropology as an interdisciplinary field which studies language as a cultural resource and speaking as a cultural practice. The theories and methods of linguistic anthropology are introduced through a discussion of linguistic diversity, grammar in use, the role of speaking in social interaction, the organisation and meaning of conversational structures, and the notion of participation as a unit of analysis. An entire chapter is devoted to the notion of culture, and there are invaluable methodological chapters on ethnography and transcription. Original in its treatment and yet eminently clear and readable, Linguistic Anthropology will appeal to both upper-level undergraduate and graduate students.
1999
Duranti, Alessandro
Language Matters in Anthropology: A Lexicon for the New Millennium Journal Article
In: Journal of Linguistic Anthropology, vol. Vol. 9, pp. (1-2), 1999.
@article{Duranti1999,
title = { Language Matters in Anthropology: A Lexicon for the New Millennium},
author = {Alessandro Duranti},
year = {1999},
date = {1999-01-01},
journal = {Journal of Linguistic Anthropology},
volume = {Vol. 9},
pages = {(1-2)},
abstract = {The study of language as culture in U.S. anthropology is a set of distinct and often not fully compatible practices that can be made sense of through the identification of three historically related paradigms. Whereas the first paradigm, initiated by Boas, was mostly devoted to documentation, grammatical description, and classification (especially of North American indigenous languages) and focused on linguistic relativity, the second paradigm, developed in the 1960s, took advantage of new recording technology and new theoretical insights to examine language use in context, introducing new units of analysis such as the speech event. Although it was meant to be part of anthropology at large, it marked an intellectual separation from the rest of anthropology. The third paradigm, with its focus on identity formation, narrativity, and ideology, constitutes a new attempt to connect with the rest of anthropology by extending linguistic methods to the study of issues previously identified in other (sub)fields. Although each new paradigm has reduced the influence and appeal of the preceding one, all three paradigms persist today, and confrontation of their differences is in the best interest of the discipline.},
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The study of language as culture in U.S. anthropology is a set of distinct and often not fully compatible practices that can be made sense of through the identification of three historically related paradigms. Whereas the first paradigm, initiated by Boas, was mostly devoted to documentation, grammatical description, and classification (especially of North American indigenous languages) and focused on linguistic relativity, the second paradigm, developed in the 1960s, took advantage of new recording technology and new theoretical insights to examine language use in context, introducing new units of analysis such as the speech event. Although it was meant to be part of anthropology at large, it marked an intellectual separation from the rest of anthropology. The third paradigm, with its focus on identity formation, narrativity, and ideology, constitutes a new attempt to connect with the rest of anthropology by extending linguistic methods to the study of issues previously identified in other (sub)fields. Although each new paradigm has reduced the influence and appeal of the preceding one, all three paradigms persist today, and confrontation of their differences is in the best interest of the discipline.
1997
Duranti, Alessandro
Cambridge University Press, 1997, ISBN: 1139590138, 9781139590136.
@book{Duranti1997,
title = {Linguistic Anthropology},
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isbn = {1139590138, 9781139590136},
year = {1997},
date = {1997-01-01},
booktitle = {Linguistic Anthropology},
pages = {398 pages},
publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
series = {Cambridge Textbooks in Linguistics},
abstract = {In this innovative textbook, Alessandro Duranti introduces linguistic anthropology as an interdisciplinary field which studies language as a cultural resource and speaking as a cultural practice. The theories and methods of linguistic anthropology are introduced through a discussion of linguistic diversity, grammar in use, the role of speaking in social interaction, the organisation and meaning of conversational structures, and the notion of participation as a unit of analysis. An entire chapter is devoted to the notion of culture, and there are invaluable methodological chapters on ethnography and transcription. Original in its treatment and yet eminently clear and readable, Linguistic Anthropology will appeal to both upper-level undergraduate and graduate students},
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In this innovative textbook, Alessandro Duranti introduces linguistic anthropology as an interdisciplinary field which studies language as a cultural resource and speaking as a cultural practice. The theories and methods of linguistic anthropology are introduced through a discussion of linguistic diversity, grammar in use, the role of speaking in social interaction, the organisation and meaning of conversational structures, and the notion of participation as a unit of analysis. An entire chapter is devoted to the notion of culture, and there are invaluable methodological chapters on ethnography and transcription. Original in its treatment and yet eminently clear and readable, Linguistic Anthropology will appeal to both upper-level undergraduate and graduate students
1994
Duranti, Alessandro
From Grammar to Politics: Linguistic Anthropology in a Western Samoan Village Book
1994, Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1994, ISBN: 0520083857.
@book{Duranti1994,
title = {From Grammar to Politics: Linguistic Anthropology in a Western Samoan Village},
author = {Alessandro Duranti},
isbn = {0520083857},
year = {1994},
date = {1994-08-22},
number = {232 pages},
publisher = {Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press},
edition = {1994},
abstract = {Alessandro Duranti explores the way traditional oratory in a Samoan village is shaped by the needs of the political process and shows how language insulates ceremonial speakers from the perils of everyday confrontation. He proposes a "moral flow hypothesis" in discourse, to describe a grammar that distributes praise and blame and in that way defines the standing of individuals in the community. This ethnographic journey from linguistic to political anthropology demonstrates that the analysis of grammar in context needs ethnography just as much as the conduct of politics needs grammatical analysis.},
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Alessandro Duranti explores the way traditional oratory in a Samoan village is shaped by the needs of the political process and shows how language insulates ceremonial speakers from the perils of everyday confrontation. He proposes a "moral flow hypothesis" in discourse, to describe a grammar that distributes praise and blame and in that way defines the standing of individuals in the community. This ethnographic journey from linguistic to political anthropology demonstrates that the analysis of grammar in context needs ethnography just as much as the conduct of politics needs grammatical analysis.
1992
Duranti, Alessandro
Etnografia del parlare quotidiano Book
Carocci, 1992, ISBN: 9788843021239.
@book{Duranti1992,
title = {Etnografia del parlare quotidiano},
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isbn = {9788843021239},
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volume = {373},
pages = {168 pagine},
publisher = {Carocci},
abstract = {Integrando i metodi della linguistica contemporanea con quelli dell'antropologia culturale, il volume si presenta come un invito originale a una visione contestuale del linguaggio parlato, che viene qui analizzato come strumento e, al tempo stesso, come prodotto della vita sociale e delle pratiche culturali di una comunità di parlanti. Partendo da una relazione dell'approccio noto come 'etnografia della comunicazione', l'autore esamina i presupposti teorici e metodologici dell'analisi del parlare quotidiano, utilizzando le ricerche linguistico-antropologiche da lui condotte sulla lingua e sulla cultura di una comunità polinesiana. Temi quali l'intenzionalità e la conflittualità nel parlare come agire sociale si alternano a discussioni sugli effetti della scolarizzazione in una società con presupposti epistemologici diversi da quelli impliciti nelle pratiche discorsive occidentali. Sintesi lucida della sociolinguistica internazionale contemporanea, questo libro costituisce per il lettore italiano un'ideale introduzione allo studio del dire come prassi sociale.},
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Integrando i metodi della linguistica contemporanea con quelli dell'antropologia culturale, il volume si presenta come un invito originale a una visione contestuale del linguaggio parlato, che viene qui analizzato come strumento e, al tempo stesso, come prodotto della vita sociale e delle pratiche culturali di una comunità di parlanti. Partendo da una relazione dell'approccio noto come 'etnografia della comunicazione', l'autore esamina i presupposti teorici e metodologici dell'analisi del parlare quotidiano, utilizzando le ricerche linguistico-antropologiche da lui condotte sulla lingua e sulla cultura di una comunità polinesiana. Temi quali l'intenzionalità e la conflittualità nel parlare come agire sociale si alternano a discussioni sugli effetti della scolarizzazione in una società con presupposti epistemologici diversi da quelli impliciti nelle pratiche discorsive occidentali. Sintesi lucida della sociolinguistica internazionale contemporanea, questo libro costituisce per il lettore italiano un'ideale introduzione allo studio del dire come prassi sociale.
Duranti, Alessandro
Rethinking Context: Language as an Interactive Phenomenon Book
Cambridge University Press, 1992, ISBN: 0 521 42288 4.
@book{Goodwin1992,
title = {Rethinking Context: Language as an Interactive Phenomenon},
author = {Alessandro Duranti},
editor = {Alessandro Duranti and Charles Goodwin},
doi = {10.1177/096394709500400105},
isbn = {0 521 42288 4},
year = {1992},
date = {1992-01-01},
publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
abstract = {The past decade has seen a fundamental rethinking of the concept of context. Rather than functioning solely as a constraint on linguistic performance, context is now analyzed as a product of language use. Language and context are seen as interactively defined phenomena. The essays in this collection, written by many of the leading figures in the social sciences, critically reexamine the concept of context from a variety of different angles and propose new ways of thinking about it with reference to specific human activities such as face-to-face interaction, radio talk, medical diagnosis, political encounters and socialization practices. The editors have provided introductions to each essay as well as a general overview of the issues under debate.},
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The past decade has seen a fundamental rethinking of the concept of context. Rather than functioning solely as a constraint on linguistic performance, context is now analyzed as a product of language use. Language and context are seen as interactively defined phenomena. The essays in this collection, written by many of the leading figures in the social sciences, critically reexamine the concept of context from a variety of different angles and propose new ways of thinking about it with reference to specific human activities such as face-to-face interaction, radio talk, medical diagnosis, political encounters and socialization practices. The editors have provided introductions to each essay as well as a general overview of the issues under debate.
1988
Duranti, Alessandro
Intentions, Language, and Social Action in a Samoan Context Journal Article
In: Journal of Pragmatics, vol. 12, pp. 13-33, 1988, ISSN: 0378-2166.
@article{Duranti1988,
title = {Intentions, Language, and Social Action in a Samoan Context},
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issn = {0378-2166},
year = {1988},
date = {1988-02-01},
journal = {Journal of Pragmatics},
volume = {12},
pages = {13-33},
abstract = {The universal validity of the personalist view of meaning as owned by the individual speaker and exclusively defined by his intentions is here questioned on the basis of an analysis of spontaneous verbal interaction in a politico-judiciary arena in a traditional village in Western Samoa. After relating the Samoan practice of language understanding to the Samoan notions of self and task, it is suggested that the Samoans' use of language in social interaction is more easily understood on the basis of a dialogical, interpretive, and socio-historically oriented theory of meaning than on the basis of a ‘rationalistic’ view in which the individual is the sole originator of knowledge and evidence.},
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The universal validity of the personalist view of meaning as owned by the individual speaker and exclusively defined by his intentions is here questioned on the basis of an analysis of spontaneous verbal interaction in a politico-judiciary arena in a traditional village in Western Samoa. After relating the Samoan practice of language understanding to the Samoan notions of self and task, it is suggested that the Samoans' use of language in social interaction is more easily understood on the basis of a dialogical, interpretive, and socio-historically oriented theory of meaning than on the basis of a ‘rationalistic’ view in which the individual is the sole originator of knowledge and evidence.
1984
Duranti, Alessandro
The social meaning of subject pronouns in Italian conversation Journal Article
In: Text - Interdisciplinary Journal for the Study of Discourse, vol. 6, pp. 277-311, 1984.
@article{Duranti1984,
title = {The social meaning of subject pronouns in Italian conversation},
author = {Alessandro Duranti},
year = {1984},
date = {1984-01-01},
journal = {Text - Interdisciplinary Journal for the Study of Discourse},
volume = {6},
pages = {277-311},
abstract = {From the point of view of their referential function, Italian subject pronouns do not seem to add any information to that already displayed by the verb morphology. From the point of view of sentence grammar, subject pronouns are said to convey contrast or emphasis. In this paper, it is claimed that the function of Italian subject pronouns must be studied within the discourse context of their use. Their function can be understood if we take the notion of ‘social meaning’ into consideration. On the basis of extensive use of transcripts of spontaneous conversations, it is here suggested that Italian subject pronouns are devices through which speakers define main characters in a narrative and/or convey empathy or positive affect toward certain referents. Inanimate objects, minor characters and people with whom the speaker is displaying lack of empathy or negative affect are instead often referred to by demonstratives. On the basis of this analysis, the allegedly inappropriate use of personal pronouns such as ‘lui’ in formal written registers is explained as a feature of objective ‘scientific’ style, which should not convey or reveal the author's feelings toward a given referent.},
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From the point of view of their referential function, Italian subject pronouns do not seem to add any information to that already displayed by the verb morphology. From the point of view of sentence grammar, subject pronouns are said to convey contrast or emphasis. In this paper, it is claimed that the function of Italian subject pronouns must be studied within the discourse context of their use. Their function can be understood if we take the notion of ‘social meaning’ into consideration. On the basis of extensive use of transcripts of spontaneous conversations, it is here suggested that Italian subject pronouns are devices through which speakers define main characters in a narrative and/or convey empathy or positive affect toward certain referents. Inanimate objects, minor characters and people with whom the speaker is displaying lack of empathy or negative affect are instead often referred to by demonstratives. On the basis of this analysis, the allegedly inappropriate use of personal pronouns such as ‘lui’ in formal written registers is explained as a feature of objective ‘scientific’ style, which should not convey or reveal the author's feelings toward a given referent.
1983
Duranti, Alessandro
Samoan Speechmaking Across Social Events: One Genre in and out of a Fono Journal Article
In: Language in Society, vol. 12, pp. 1-30, 1983.
@article{Duranti1983,
title = {Samoan Speechmaking Across Social Events: One Genre in and out of a Fono},
author = {Alessandro Duranti},
doi = {10.1017/S0047404500009568},
year = {1983},
date = {1983-03-01},
journal = {Language in Society},
volume = {12},
pages = {1-30},
abstract = {This paper addresses the relevance of a functional approach to the study of speech genres. The range of variation found in spontaneous performances of a traditional genre of Samoan speechmaking (lāuga) can be explained and partly predicted by referring to the social and cultural context of speaking. Particular features of variation are attributed to the following factors: (1) the purposes of the social events, (2) the temporal setting of its performance, (3) the range and social identities of the participants, and (4) the weight given to performance as a key for delivering and interpreting speechmaking. (Oratory, ethnography of communication, cross-contextual variation, performance, Samoan language and culture.)},
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This paper addresses the relevance of a functional approach to the study of speech genres. The range of variation found in spontaneous performances of a traditional genre of Samoan speechmaking (lāuga) can be explained and partly predicted by referring to the social and cultural context of speaking. Particular features of variation are attributed to the following factors: (1) the purposes of the social events, (2) the temporal setting of its performance, (3) the range and social identities of the participants, and (4) the weight given to performance as a key for delivering and interpreting speechmaking. (Oratory, ethnography of communication, cross-contextual variation, performance, Samoan language and culture.)
1981
Duranti, Alessandro
Speechmaking and the Organization of Discourse in a Samoan Fono Journal Article
In: Journal of the Polynesian Society, vol. 90, no. 3, pp. 357-400, 1981, ISBN: 085883-2488.
@article{Duranti1981,
title = {Speechmaking and the Organization of Discourse in a Samoan Fono},
author = {Alessandro Duranti},
doi = {10.1017/S0047404500009568},
isbn = {085883-2488},
year = {1981},
date = {1981-01-01},
journal = {Journal of the Polynesian Society},
volume = {90},
number = {3},
pages = {357-400},
abstract = {This paper addresses the relevance of a functional approach to the study of speech genres. The range of variation found in spontaneous performances of a traditional genre of Samoan speechmaking (lāuga) can be explained and partly predicted by referring to the social and cultural context of speaking. Particular features of variation are attributed to the following factors: (1) the purposes of the social events, (2) the temporal setting of its performance, (3) the range and social identities of the participants, and (4) the weight given to performance as a key for delivering and interpreting speechmaking. (Oratory, ethnography of communication, cross-contextual variation, performance, Samoan language and culture.)},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
This paper addresses the relevance of a functional approach to the study of speech genres. The range of variation found in spontaneous performances of a traditional genre of Samoan speechmaking (lāuga) can be explained and partly predicted by referring to the social and cultural context of speaking. Particular features of variation are attributed to the following factors: (1) the purposes of the social events, (2) the temporal setting of its performance, (3) the range and social identities of the participants, and (4) the weight given to performance as a key for delivering and interpreting speechmaking. (Oratory, ethnography of communication, cross-contextual variation, performance, Samoan language and culture.)
Duranti, Alessandro
The Samoan Fono: A Sociolinguistic Study Book
Dept. of Linguistics, Research School of Pacific Studies, Australian National University, 1981.
@book{Duranti1991,
title = {The Samoan Fono: A Sociolinguistic Study},
author = {Alessandro Duranti},
doi = {10.15144/PL-B80},
year = {1981},
date = {1981-01-01},
urldate = {1981-01-01},
booktitle = {Pacific Linguistics Monograph B80},
volume = {Volume 14},
number = {3},
pages = {226},
publisher = {Dept. of Linguistics, Research School of Pacific Studies, Australian National University},
series = {Series: B},
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1980
Duranti, Alessandro; Ochs, Elinor
Review of G. R. Cardona’s Introduzione all’etnolinguistica Miscellaneous
1980.
@misc{Ochs1980,
title = {Review of G. R. Cardona’s Introduzione all’etnolinguistica},
author = {Alessandro Duranti and Elinor Ochs},
year = {1980},
date = {1980-04-01},
booktitle = {Language in Society},
volume = {9},
number = {1},
pages = { 71-72},
publisher = { Cambridge University Press},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {misc}
}
Duranti, Alessandro
Lauga and Talanoaga: Structure and Variation in the Language of a Samoan Speech Event Technical Report
no. 72, 1980.
@techreport{Duranti1980,
title = {Lauga and Talanoaga: Structure and Variation in the Language of a Samoan Speech Event},
author = {Alessandro Duranti},
editor = {R. Bauman and J. Sherzer},
year = {1980},
date = {1980-04-01},
booktitle = {Sociolinguistic Working Paper},
number = {72},
abstract = {Several ways in which the speech event may constitute a frame for performing and interpreting a particular speech genre are illustrated in the Samoan "fono," a meeting of chiefs and orators. In this event, both the organization of verbal interaction and the particular kind of language used by participants is distinct from the participants' conversations in other social situations. The turn-taking rules are different, the lexicon is specially suited for the context, different terms are used for differentiating statuses and ranks, and the morphology and syntax are distinctive. Within the event itself, native speakers differentiate two types of speech: "lauga" and "talanoaga," and the terms used for this distinction in the fono speeches also refer to but do not match types of speech found outside the fono, illustrating again that the speech event is a key to interpreting the genres in each case. This is related to the notion of verbal art as performance: despite their structural similarities, two instances of the same speech genre are both performed by the speechmaker and perceived by the audience in a different way.},
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pubstate = {published},
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Several ways in which the speech event may constitute a frame for performing and interpreting a particular speech genre are illustrated in the Samoan "fono," a meeting of chiefs and orators. In this event, both the organization of verbal interaction and the particular kind of language used by participants is distinct from the participants' conversations in other social situations. The turn-taking rules are different, the lexicon is specially suited for the context, different terms are used for differentiating statuses and ranks, and the morphology and syntax are distinctive. Within the event itself, native speakers differentiate two types of speech: "lauga" and "talanoaga," and the terms used for this distinction in the fono speeches also refer to but do not match types of speech found outside the fono, illustrating again that the speech event is a key to interpreting the genres in each case. This is related to the notion of verbal art as performance: despite their structural similarities, two instances of the same speech genre are both performed by the speechmaker and perceived by the audience in a different way.
Duranti, Alessandro
Sull’uso dei pronomi tonici nelle conversazioni Book Chapter
In: Berrettoni, P. (Ed.): In Problemi di analisi linguistica, pp. 103-123, Cadmo, 1980.
@inbook{Duranti1980b,
title = {Sull’uso dei pronomi tonici nelle conversazioni},
author = {Alessandro Duranti},
editor = {P. Berrettoni},
year = {1980},
date = {1980-01-01},
booktitle = {In Problemi di analisi linguistica},
pages = {103-123},
publisher = {Cadmo},
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