Dimitris Dalakoglou
2021
Dalakoglou, Dimitris; Poulimenakos, Giorgos; Puppa, Anna Giulia Della; Alexandridis, Antonios; Pavlopoulos, Dimitris
“The Greek Crisis Ends here Tonight”: A Qualitative Study of Labor Market Deregulation in Greece Beyond the “Crisis” Paradigm Journal Article
In: Journal of Labor and Society, vol. 1, no. aop, pp. 1-21, 2021.
@article{Dalakoglou2021,
title = {“The Greek Crisis Ends here Tonight”: A Qualitative Study of Labor Market Deregulation in Greece Beyond the “Crisis” Paradigm},
author = {Dimitris Dalakoglou and Giorgos Poulimenakos and Anna Giulia Della Puppa and Antonios Alexandridis and Dimitris Pavlopoulos},
doi = {10.1163/24714607-bja10004},
year = {2021},
date = {2021-05-07},
journal = {Journal of Labor and Society},
volume = {1},
number = {aop},
pages = {1-21},
abstract = {The concept of crisis has frequently been used to characterize seismic historical events of the 21st century, and many scholars have interpreted it according to Agamben’s elaboration of the state of exception. Following this paradigm, the crisis period in Greece is often perceived as a violent rupture from the previous state of relative stability that spanned the whole social spectrum. We argue, however, that although the idea of exceptions and rupture may be valid for phenomena such as urban policies or social control, it does not apply in the context of the labor market. Attempting to go beyond the idea of crisis as a rupture, in this article we will illustrate how the current crisis instead masks a number of pre-existing phenomena. We do so through qualitative empirical data and analysis of workers’ perceptions regarding one of the most emblematic phenomena of the so-called Greek crisis: labor market deregulation.},
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The concept of crisis has frequently been used to characterize seismic historical events of the 21st century, and many scholars have interpreted it according to Agamben’s elaboration of the state of exception. Following this paradigm, the crisis period in Greece is often perceived as a violent rupture from the previous state of relative stability that spanned the whole social spectrum. We argue, however, that although the idea of exceptions and rupture may be valid for phenomena such as urban policies or social control, it does not apply in the context of the labor market. Attempting to go beyond the idea of crisis as a rupture, in this article we will illustrate how the current crisis instead masks a number of pre-existing phenomena. We do so through qualitative empirical data and analysis of workers’ perceptions regarding one of the most emblematic phenomena of the so-called Greek crisis: labor market deregulation.
Dalakoglou, Dimitris; Bormpoudakis, Dimitrios
‘And Bloodshed Must Be Done’: Heavy metal and neo-Nazism in Greece Journal Article
In: Journal of Greek Media & Culture, vol. 7, no. 1, pp. 27-48, 2021.
@article{Dalakoglou2021b,
title = {‘And Bloodshed Must Be Done’: Heavy metal and neo-Nazism in Greece},
author = {Dimitris Dalakoglou and Dimitrios Bormpoudakis},
year = {2021},
date = {2021-04-01},
journal = {Journal of Greek Media & Culture},
volume = {7},
number = {1},
pages = {27-48},
abstract = {This article explores the genealogy of the relationship between the discourses promoted in the heavy metal music press and neo-Nazi publications in Greece since the 1980s. It aims to show that the proliferation of neo-Nazi ideologies and practices in Greece after 2008 was not simply a result of the ‐ on-going ‐ financial crisis; rather, its seeds had been planted during the 1980s and particularly in the 1990s. We shall illustrate how this connection resulted from a conscious decision taken by key neo-Nazi groups and explore how the cultivation of such relationships gradually led to the further dissemination of neo-Nazi discourse within the mainstream heavy metal music press.},
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This article explores the genealogy of the relationship between the discourses promoted in the heavy metal music press and neo-Nazi publications in Greece since the 1980s. It aims to show that the proliferation of neo-Nazi ideologies and practices in Greece after 2008 was not simply a result of the ‐ on-going ‐ financial crisis; rather, its seeds had been planted during the 1980s and particularly in the 1990s. We shall illustrate how this connection resulted from a conscious decision taken by key neo-Nazi groups and explore how the cultivation of such relationships gradually led to the further dissemination of neo-Nazi discourse within the mainstream heavy metal music press.
2020
Dalakoglou, Dimitris; Giovanopoulos, Christos; Kallianos, Yannis; Athanasiadis, Ioannis N
Defining and Classifying Infrastructural Contestation: Towards a Synergy Between Anthropology and Data Science Book Chapter
In: pp. 32-47, Springer, Cham, 2020, ISBN: 978-3-030-39814-9.
@inbook{Dalakoglou2020,
title = {Defining and Classifying Infrastructural Contestation: Towards a Synergy Between Anthropology and Data Science},
author = {Dimitris Dalakoglou and Christos Giovanopoulos and Yannis Kallianos and Ioannis N Athanasiadis},
doi = {10.1007/978-3-030-39815-6_4},
isbn = {978-3-030-39814-9},
year = {2020},
date = {2020-02-05},
pages = {32-47},
publisher = {Springer, Cham},
abstract = {The last decade infrastructure systems have been under strain around the globe. The 2008 financial crisis, the so-called fourth industrial revolution, ongoing urbanisation and climate change have contributed to the emergence of an infrastructural crisis that has been labelled as infrastructural gap. During this period, infrastructure systems have increasingly become sites of public contestation with significant effects on their operation and governance. At stake has been the issues of access to infrastructure, their social and environmental consequences and the ‘modern ideal’ embodied in the design of those socio-technical systems. With this paper we apply a cross-disciplinary methodology in order to document and define the practices of this new wave of infrastructural contestation, taking Greece in the 2008–2017 period as the case study. The synthesis of quantitative and qualitative datasets with ethnographic knowledge help us, furthermore, to record tendencies and patterns in the ongoing phenomenon of infrastructural contestation (This study is part of infra-demos project (www.infrademos.net), which is funded by a VIDI grant awarded by the Dutch Organisation of Science, PI: Prof. Dimitris Dalakoglou, Dept. of Social and Cultural Anthropology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam).},
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The last decade infrastructure systems have been under strain around the globe. The 2008 financial crisis, the so-called fourth industrial revolution, ongoing urbanisation and climate change have contributed to the emergence of an infrastructural crisis that has been labelled as infrastructural gap. During this period, infrastructure systems have increasingly become sites of public contestation with significant effects on their operation and governance. At stake has been the issues of access to infrastructure, their social and environmental consequences and the ‘modern ideal’ embodied in the design of those socio-technical systems. With this paper we apply a cross-disciplinary methodology in order to document and define the practices of this new wave of infrastructural contestation, taking Greece in the 2008–2017 period as the case study. The synthesis of quantitative and qualitative datasets with ethnographic knowledge help us, furthermore, to record tendencies and patterns in the ongoing phenomenon of infrastructural contestation (This study is part of infra-demos project (www.infrademos.net), which is funded by a VIDI grant awarded by the Dutch Organisation of Science, PI: Prof. Dimitris Dalakoglou, Dept. of Social and Cultural Anthropology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam).
2019
Dalakoglou, Dimitris; Gerousis, Spyros; Kallianos, Yannis
Wasting the West: A story of garbage and infrastructure governance in Attica PhD Thesis
2019.
@phdthesis{Dalakoglou2019,
title = {Wasting the West: A story of garbage and infrastructure governance in Attica},
author = {Dimitris Dalakoglou and Spyros Gerousis and Yannis Kallianos},
year = {2019},
date = {2019-11-27},
abstract = {Wasting the West is an infra-demos short documentary focusing on the Fyli landfill. It describes how the governance of waste in the Attica region goes hand in hand with environmental degradation, corporate power and socio-spatial marginalization. Infra-demos is an anthropological project based at Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam that studies the interrelationships between infrastructures, governance, and socio-technological forms of civil participation and contestation in times of crisis in Greece. Wasting the West is Directed by Spyros Gerousis Produced and Researched by Spyros Gerousis, Yannis Kallianos and Dimitris Dalakoglou.},
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Wasting the West is an infra-demos short documentary focusing on the Fyli landfill. It describes how the governance of waste in the Attica region goes hand in hand with environmental degradation, corporate power and socio-spatial marginalization. Infra-demos is an anthropological project based at Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam that studies the interrelationships between infrastructures, governance, and socio-technological forms of civil participation and contestation in times of crisis in Greece. Wasting the West is Directed by Spyros Gerousis Produced and Researched by Spyros Gerousis, Yannis Kallianos and Dimitris Dalakoglou.
Dalakoglou, Dimitris
Which Refugee Crisis?: On the Proxy of the Systemic Eurocrisis and Its Spatialities Book Chapter
In: pp. 369-378, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press., 2019, ISBN: 9781108470346.
@inbook{Dalakoglou2019b,
title = {Which Refugee Crisis?: On the Proxy of the Systemic Eurocrisis and Its Spatialities},
author = {Dimitris Dalakoglou},
doi = {10.1017/9781108598859.016},
isbn = {9781108470346},
year = {2019},
date = {2019-07-31},
pages = {369-378},
publisher = {Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.},
abstract = {Europe was shocked by the news that a boat full of migrants sunk into the Mediterranean Sea taking with it fifty-seven people. The episode occurred when the Italian Navy vessel Sibilla, in its effort to protect the common EU borders collided with the migrants’ boat. Some serious debates took place then, raising questions as to whether it was an accident or part of a political effort to stop the flow of migrants or whether the Italian Navy could have intervened and rescued the migrants. The year was 1997 and the non-EU migrants were Albanians fleeing the 1997 civil war that followed the collapse of the ‘pyramid’banking system in their home country. The transition of the country to market economy and the new ambitious financial innovations had been promoted by the World Bank (WB) and International Monetary Fund (IMF) but also the European Economic Community (EEC).},
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Europe was shocked by the news that a boat full of migrants sunk into the Mediterranean Sea taking with it fifty-seven people. The episode occurred when the Italian Navy vessel Sibilla, in its effort to protect the common EU borders collided with the migrants’ boat. Some serious debates took place then, raising questions as to whether it was an accident or part of a political effort to stop the flow of migrants or whether the Italian Navy could have intervened and rescued the migrants. The year was 1997 and the non-EU migrants were Albanians fleeing the 1997 civil war that followed the collapse of the ‘pyramid’banking system in their home country. The transition of the country to market economy and the new ambitious financial innovations had been promoted by the World Bank (WB) and International Monetary Fund (IMF) but also the European Economic Community (EEC).
Dalakoglou, Dimitris
2019.
@phdthesis{Dalakoglou2019bb,
title = {Evicting Amsterdam: Report on the eviction of ADM community and their tangible and intangible heritage},
author = {Dimitris Dalakoglou},
doi = {10.13140/RG.2.2.11014.83521},
year = {2019},
date = {2019-05-21},
abstract = {KNAW Narcis. Back to search results. Publication Evicting Amsterdam : Preliminary Report on the eviction of ADM... (2019). . Pagina-navigatie: Main },
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KNAW Narcis. Back to search results. Publication Evicting Amsterdam : Preliminary Report on the eviction of ADM... (2019). . Pagina-navigatie: Main
Dalakoglou, Dimitris; Dimitris, Bormpoudakis
Preliminary report on the extraction of hydrocarbons in Epirus PhD Thesis
2019.
@phdthesis{Dalakoglou2019bb,
title = {Preliminary report on the extraction of hydrocarbons in Epirus},
author = {Dimitris Dalakoglou and Bormpoudakis Dimitris},
doi = {10.13140/RG.2.2.35341.79842/3},
year = {2019},
date = {2019-05-21},
abstract = {The region of Epirus has come to the forefront of the news both in Greece and across Europe recently due to the launch of exploration for hydrocarbons in the framework of exploration and mining contracts signed by the Greek government with private hydrocarbon mining companies. A large part of the residents are protesting and active against the excavations (see the protest march of 2,000 people on June 3, 2018 but also the similar protest march of May 2019 in Ioannina as well as a series of initiatives against the excavations both locally and nationwide). On the other hand, a large number of official bodies (Epirus Region, central government, Academy of Athens, etc. ) as well as an admittedly small portion of residents propose mining as a development solution to the chronic economic underdevelopment of Epirus as written off on the basis of per capita GDP. Following this measurement, the website of the Region of Epirus describing the physiognomy of the region states that it is the poorest in Greece. In the context of this whole discussion, in this text we have two objectives: A) To understand whether the concerns of the inhabitants about mining are well-founded and B) To make a first attempt to understand the development policy framework as it takes place in Epirus in relation to with the extraction of hydrocarbons through changes in international development theory and practice. To answer the first question we will briefly look at the international literature on mining… Following this measurement, the website of the Region of Epirus describing the physiognomy of the region states that it is the poorest in Greece. In the context of this whole discussion, in this text we have two objectives: A) To understand whether the concerns of the inhabitants about mining are well-founded and B) To make a first attempt to understand the development policy framework as it takes place in Epirus in relation to with the extraction of hydrocarbons through changes in international development theory and practice. To answer the first question we will briefly look at the international literature on mining… Following this measurement, the website of the Region of Epirus describing the physiognomy of the region states that it is the poorest in Greece. In the context of this whole discussion, in this text we have two objectives: A) To understand whether the concerns of the inhabitants about mining are well-founded and B) To make a first attempt to understand the development policy framework as it takes place in Epirus in relation to with the extraction of hydrocarbons through changes in international development theory and practice. To answer the first question we will briefly look at the international literature on mining… In the present text we have two objectives: A) To understand whether the concerns of the inhabitants about the mining are well-founded and B) To make a first attempt to understand the development policy framework as it takes place in Epirus in relation to the extraction of hydrocarbons through the changes in international development theory and practice. To answer the first question we will briefly look at the international literature on mining… In the present text we have two objectives: A) To understand whether the concerns of the inhabitants about the mining are well-founded and B) To make a first attempt to understand the development policy framework as it takes place in Epirus in relation to the extraction of hydrocarbons through the changes in international development theory and practice.},
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The region of Epirus has come to the forefront of the news both in Greece and across Europe recently due to the launch of exploration for hydrocarbons in the framework of exploration and mining contracts signed by the Greek government with private hydrocarbon mining companies. A large part of the residents are protesting and active against the excavations (see the protest march of 2,000 people on June 3, 2018 but also the similar protest march of May 2019 in Ioannina as well as a series of initiatives against the excavations both locally and nationwide). On the other hand, a large number of official bodies (Epirus Region, central government, Academy of Athens, etc. ) as well as an admittedly small portion of residents propose mining as a development solution to the chronic economic underdevelopment of Epirus as written off on the basis of per capita GDP. Following this measurement, the website of the Region of Epirus describing the physiognomy of the region states that it is the poorest in Greece. In the context of this whole discussion, in this text we have two objectives: A) To understand whether the concerns of the inhabitants about mining are well-founded and B) To make a first attempt to understand the development policy framework as it takes place in Epirus in relation to with the extraction of hydrocarbons through changes in international development theory and practice. To answer the first question we will briefly look at the international literature on mining… Following this measurement, the website of the Region of Epirus describing the physiognomy of the region states that it is the poorest in Greece. In the context of this whole discussion, in this text we have two objectives: A) To understand whether the concerns of the inhabitants about mining are well-founded and B) To make a first attempt to understand the development policy framework as it takes place in Epirus in relation to with the extraction of hydrocarbons through changes in international development theory and practice. To answer the first question we will briefly look at the international literature on mining… Following this measurement, the website of the Region of Epirus describing the physiognomy of the region states that it is the poorest in Greece. In the context of this whole discussion, in this text we have two objectives: A) To understand whether the concerns of the inhabitants about mining are well-founded and B) To make a first attempt to understand the development policy framework as it takes place in Epirus in relation to with the extraction of hydrocarbons through changes in international development theory and practice. To answer the first question we will briefly look at the international literature on mining… In the present text we have two objectives: A) To understand whether the concerns of the inhabitants about the mining are well-founded and B) To make a first attempt to understand the development policy framework as it takes place in Epirus in relation to the extraction of hydrocarbons through the changes in international development theory and practice. To answer the first question we will briefly look at the international literature on mining… In the present text we have two objectives: A) To understand whether the concerns of the inhabitants about the mining are well-founded and B) To make a first attempt to understand the development policy framework as it takes place in Epirus in relation to the extraction of hydrocarbons through the changes in international development theory and practice.
Dalakoglou, Dimitris
Report on the eviction of ADM Free-space (Vrijplaats) community in Amsterdam PhD Thesis
2019.
@phdthesis{Dalakoglou2019bb,
title = {Report on the eviction of ADM Free-space (Vrijplaats) community in Amsterdam},
author = {Dimitris Dalakoglou},
doi = {10.13140/RG.2.2.31147.49449},
year = {2019},
date = {2019-05-21},
abstract = {ADM Free-space (Vrijplaats) is located in the old facilities of the Amsterdam Drydock Shipyards (ADM) in the western port of Amsterdam. ADM was abandoned in 1978 by the company and it is located on the address of Hornweg 6 (5km from Amsterdam Sloterdijk railway station). It was occupied by the ADM free-space community for the first time in the period of 1987-1992, it became famous immediately nation-wide for its artistic activity, especially the recording studio facilities that were made available to the thriving at the time alternative music scene of the city. The community was evicted in 1992. The site was reoccupied in 1997 and since then the community lives there. The same year (1997) ADM terrain was bought by a controversial real estate investor.},
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ADM Free-space (Vrijplaats) is located in the old facilities of the Amsterdam Drydock Shipyards (ADM) in the western port of Amsterdam. ADM was abandoned in 1978 by the company and it is located on the address of Hornweg 6 (5km from Amsterdam Sloterdijk railway station). It was occupied by the ADM free-space community for the first time in the period of 1987-1992, it became famous immediately nation-wide for its artistic activity, especially the recording studio facilities that were made available to the thriving at the time alternative music scene of the city. The community was evicted in 1992. The site was reoccupied in 1997 and since then the community lives there. The same year (1997) ADM terrain was bought by a controversial real estate investor.
2018
Dalakoglou, Dimitris; Kallianos, Yannis
'Eating mountains' and 'eating each other': Disjunctive modernization, infrastructural imaginaries and crisis in Greece Journal Article
In: Political Geography, vol. 67, pp. 76-87, 2018.
@article{Dalakoglou2018,
title = {'Eating mountains' and 'eating each other': Disjunctive modernization, infrastructural imaginaries and crisis in Greece},
author = {Dimitris Dalakoglou and Yannis Kallianos},
doi = {10.1016/j.polgeo.2018.08.009},
year = {2018},
date = {2018-10-23},
journal = {Political Geography},
volume = {67},
pages = {76-87},
abstract = {Since the eruption of the Greek crisis in 2010 it has been almost impossible for the Greek state authorities to initiate any infrastructural project without significant local and wider resistance. In this paper we seek to answer how infrastructures became novel arenas of political conflict in Greece. We suggest that crucial for understanding this process is the dynamic relationship between infrastructures and popular political imaginaries. During the recent ‘golden’ period of infrastructural development in the country (mid-1990s to mid-2000s) there was a mutually constitutive relationship between popular imaginations of progress and the materiality of infrastructures, which attempted to underplay the disjunctive modernization processes within which that development took place. Later though, this parallel relationship between the two was contested as the infrastructural imaginary.},
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Since the eruption of the Greek crisis in 2010 it has been almost impossible for the Greek state authorities to initiate any infrastructural project without significant local and wider resistance. In this paper we seek to answer how infrastructures became novel arenas of political conflict in Greece. We suggest that crucial for understanding this process is the dynamic relationship between infrastructures and popular political imaginaries. During the recent ‘golden’ period of infrastructural development in the country (mid-1990s to mid-2000s) there was a mutually constitutive relationship between popular imaginations of progress and the materiality of infrastructures, which attempted to underplay the disjunctive modernization processes within which that development took place. Later though, this parallel relationship between the two was contested as the infrastructural imaginary.
Dalakoglou, Dimitris
Roads Journal Article
In: pp. 1-4, 2018.
@article{Dalakoglou2018b,
title = {Roads},
author = {Dimitris Dalakoglou},
doi = {10.1002/9781118924396.wbiea2187},
year = {2018},
date = {2018-09-05},
pages = {1-4},
abstract = {This entry aims to briefly review the position of roads and their ethnographic study within the history of sociocultural anthropology since the emergence of the discipline. It reveals the paradoxical relationship that anthropology had with roads for most of its history and it touches upon the turn toward roads and more generally the study of infrastructures within the discipline.},
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This entry aims to briefly review the position of roads and their ethnographic study within the history of sociocultural anthropology since the emergence of the discipline. It reveals the paradoxical relationship that anthropology had with roads for most of its history and it touches upon the turn toward roads and more generally the study of infrastructures within the discipline.
Dalakoglou, Dimitris; Humphry, Debbie
Dimitris Dalakoglou talks to Debbie Humphry about his recent book PhD Thesis
2018.
@phdthesis{Dalakoglou2018bb,
title = {Dimitris Dalakoglou talks to Debbie Humphry about his recent book},
author = {Dimitris Dalakoglou and Debbie Humphry},
year = {2018},
date = {2018-02-24},
abstract = {The Road Dimitris Dalakoglou talks to Debbie Humphry about his recent book The Road: An Ethnography of (im) mobility, Space, and Cross-border Infrastructures in the Balkans. Oxford University Press. Debbie: I wondered how this work related to the research you did in Greece for film Future Suspended that we discussed in a previous CITY interview? Dimitris: I was very interested in infrastructures since I was an undergraduate student in anthropology. I was interested in the ways that the coastal road of Athens and later the Attica ring road has changed some of the local communities in South Attica, places that were formerly villages but were gradually incorporated into the urban complex due to the roads. I was also politically interested in infrastructures as they were a privileged arena of social engineering in pre-Olympics Athens where I was growing up. Then for my PhD I wanted to study infrastructures as State-run projects, and Albania was the ideal place for this as it was the very first country in Europe to get a national highway system from the 1920s, firstly organised by the Italian Fascist Regime as an international development project, and then by the Communist Party that had the typical infrastructural fetishism of socialist regimes. The only problem was that very few people were using these roads, as the first private vehicles were only allowed in 1991 and there were travelling restrictions for periods in Albania. So in Albania there was the best material infrastructure one could imagine if you wanted to study infrastructures as a State ideological project, with miles after miles of hardly-used highway system in terms of mobility, but heavily used for social engineering purposes. Following looking at infrastructure as a purely State-run project, in Crisis-scapes I was studying infrastructures in south East Europe as Public-Private Partnership projects. In that case Greece was ideal as we had seen all three stages of the neoliberal circle in full flare, namely the privatisation of public infrastructures, the creative destruction and the creation of new ones under the PPP regime, and then the bust and the crisis where infrastructures are contested, and the same spaces that reflected the boom a few years ago became the sites per se of this contestation. A few months ago I started my third project infra-demos which is studying infrastructures and commons and their post-capitalist potentials.},
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The Road Dimitris Dalakoglou talks to Debbie Humphry about his recent book The Road: An Ethnography of (im) mobility, Space, and Cross-border Infrastructures in the Balkans. Oxford University Press. Debbie: I wondered how this work related to the research you did in Greece for film Future Suspended that we discussed in a previous CITY interview? Dimitris: I was very interested in infrastructures since I was an undergraduate student in anthropology. I was interested in the ways that the coastal road of Athens and later the Attica ring road has changed some of the local communities in South Attica, places that were formerly villages but were gradually incorporated into the urban complex due to the roads. I was also politically interested in infrastructures as they were a privileged arena of social engineering in pre-Olympics Athens where I was growing up. Then for my PhD I wanted to study infrastructures as State-run projects, and Albania was the ideal place for this as it was the very first country in Europe to get a national highway system from the 1920s, firstly organised by the Italian Fascist Regime as an international development project, and then by the Communist Party that had the typical infrastructural fetishism of socialist regimes. The only problem was that very few people were using these roads, as the first private vehicles were only allowed in 1991 and there were travelling restrictions for periods in Albania. So in Albania there was the best material infrastructure one could imagine if you wanted to study infrastructures as a State ideological project, with miles after miles of hardly-used highway system in terms of mobility, but heavily used for social engineering purposes. Following looking at infrastructure as a purely State-run project, in Crisis-scapes I was studying infrastructures in south East Europe as Public-Private Partnership projects. In that case Greece was ideal as we had seen all three stages of the neoliberal circle in full flare, namely the privatisation of public infrastructures, the creative destruction and the creation of new ones under the PPP regime, and then the bust and the crisis where infrastructures are contested, and the same spaces that reflected the boom a few years ago became the sites per se of this contestation. A few months ago I started my third project infra-demos which is studying infrastructures and commons and their post-capitalist potentials.
2017
Dalakoglou, Dimitris
Critical Times in Greece Book
Routledge, 2017, ISBN: 9781138237773.
@book{Dalakoglou2017b,
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abstract = {This volume brings together new anthropological research on the Greek crisis. With a number of contributions from academics based in Greece, the book addresses a number of key issues such as the refugee crisis, far-right extremism and the psychological impact of increased poverty and unemployment. It provides much needed ethnographic contributions and critical anthropological perspectives at a key moment in Greece’s history, and will be of great interest to researchers interested in the social, political and economic developments in southern Europe. It is the first collection to explore the impact of this period of radical social change on anthropological understandings of Greece.},
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This volume brings together new anthropological research on the Greek crisis. With a number of contributions from academics based in Greece, the book addresses a number of key issues such as the refugee crisis, far-right extremism and the psychological impact of increased poverty and unemployment. It provides much needed ethnographic contributions and critical anthropological perspectives at a key moment in Greece’s history, and will be of great interest to researchers interested in the social, political and economic developments in southern Europe. It is the first collection to explore the impact of this period of radical social change on anthropological understandings of Greece.
Dalakoglou, Dimitris; Poulimenakos, Georgos
Hetero-utopias: Squatting and spatial materialities of resistance in Athens at times of crisis Book Chapter
In: pp. 173-187, Routledge, 2017.
@inbook{Dalakoglou2017,
title = {Hetero-utopias: Squatting and spatial materialities of resistance in Athens at times of crisis},
author = {Dimitris Dalakoglou and Georgos Poulimenakos},
year = {2017},
date = {2017-10-20},
pages = {173-187},
publisher = {Routledge},
abstract = {This chapter presents the most active and well-known squat that remained open after the wave of police attacks in 2012. Through the ethnography of the few remaining squats in Athens presented in the chapter, demonstrated the significance of space and materialities for the creation of potential resistance, and therefore exposed the spatial aspects of the new repressive strategy of the neoliberal state. A public space that on the one hand will increasingly be privatized and whose non-commercial dimension will be characterized as' anomie', and on the other will turn into a field of control and formation of subjectivities. The Foucauldian notion of heterotopias can provide an interesting perspective on the ethnographic findings of this research in terms of revealing prevalent political strategies and interpreting contemporary socio-spatial phenomena. In contrast to'utopias', Foucault developed the idea of'hetero-topias.},
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This chapter presents the most active and well-known squat that remained open after the wave of police attacks in 2012. Through the ethnography of the few remaining squats in Athens presented in the chapter, demonstrated the significance of space and materialities for the creation of potential resistance, and therefore exposed the spatial aspects of the new repressive strategy of the neoliberal state. A public space that on the one hand will increasingly be privatized and whose non-commercial dimension will be characterized as' anomie', and on the other will turn into a field of control and formation of subjectivities. The Foucauldian notion of heterotopias can provide an interesting perspective on the ethnographic findings of this research in terms of revealing prevalent political strategies and interpreting contemporary socio-spatial phenomena. In contrast to'utopias', Foucault developed the idea of'hetero-topias.
Dalakoglou, Dimitris; Poulimenakos, Giorgos
Hetero-utopias Book Chapter
In: pp. 173-187, Routledge, 2017, ISBN: 9781315299037.
@inbook{Dalakoglou2017bb,
title = {Hetero-utopias},
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abstract = {This chapter presents the most active and well-known squat that remained open after the wave of police attacks in 2012. Through the ethnography of the few remaining squats in Athens presented in the chapter, demonstrated the significance of space and materialities for the creation of potential resistance, and therefore exposed the spatial aspects of the new repressive strategy of the neoliberal state. A public space that on the one hand will increasingly be privatized and whose non-commercial dimension will be characterized as' anomie', and on the other will turn into a field of control and formation of subjectivities. The Foucauldian notion of heterotopias can provide an interesting perspective on the ethnographic findings of this research in terms of revealing prevalent political strategies and interpreting contemporary socio-spatial phenomena. In contrast to'utopias', Foucault developed the idea of'hetero-topias.},
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This chapter presents the most active and well-known squat that remained open after the wave of police attacks in 2012. Through the ethnography of the few remaining squats in Athens presented in the chapter, demonstrated the significance of space and materialities for the creation of potential resistance, and therefore exposed the spatial aspects of the new repressive strategy of the neoliberal state. A public space that on the one hand will increasingly be privatized and whose non-commercial dimension will be characterized as' anomie', and on the other will turn into a field of control and formation of subjectivities. The Foucauldian notion of heterotopias can provide an interesting perspective on the ethnographic findings of this research in terms of revealing prevalent political strategies and interpreting contemporary socio-spatial phenomena. In contrast to'utopias', Foucault developed the idea of'hetero-topias.
Dalakoglou, Dimitris; Harvey, Penny
Roads and Anthropology: Ethnographic Perspectives on Space Time and Im Mobility Miscellaneous
2017.
@misc{Dalakoglou2017bb,
title = {Roads and Anthropology: Ethnographic Perspectives on Space Time and Im Mobility},
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abstract = {The current text locates the anthropological study of roads within the wider context of studies on mobility and modernity. Besides introducing the articles of this special issue of Mobilities on roads and anthropology, this introduction also addresses some of the broader theoretical and epistemological implications of the anthropological perspective on roads, space, time and (im)mobility.},
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The current text locates the anthropological study of roads within the wider context of studies on mobility and modernity. Besides introducing the articles of this special issue of Mobilities on roads and anthropology, this introduction also addresses some of the broader theoretical and epistemological implications of the anthropological perspective on roads, space, time and (im)mobility.
Dalakoglou, Dimitris
Infrastructures, borders, (im)mobility, or the material and social construction of new Europe Book Chapter
In: 2017, ISBN: 9781526109330.
@inbook{Dalakoglou2017bb,
title = {Infrastructures, borders, (im)mobility, or the material and social construction of new Europe},
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This final chapter summarises the previous work suggesting some links between the mass contraction projects that took place in Europe after the end of Cold War and the border securitisation processes that the book described and how these are linked with contemporary phenomena.
Dalakoglou, Dimitris
The road of/on transition Book Chapter
In: Manchester University Press, 2017, ISBN: 9781526109354.
@inbook{Dalakoglou2017bb,
title = {The road of/on transition},
author = {Dimitris Dalakoglou},
doi = {10.7765/9781526109354.00013},
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year = {2017},
date = {2017-02-28},
publisher = {Manchester University Press},
abstract = {recently gained real estate in order to “wager” the cash in the pyramid schemes, while others “played” their migratory remittances. Following this loss, they also faced the fear of civil war. Today, almost twenty years on, it is still extremely commonplace to hear discussions about “1997” and the pyramid crisis in Albania. It has left an indelible mark on the collective identifications of Albanians. The greatest mystery related to this so-called war of 1997 is what happened to the $2 billion that vanished (Pettifer and Vickers 2006, 5). One of the most popular stories explaining the fate of the lost money claims that the money “escaped” to Greece along the highway in question. The various versions of this story all situate the action along the 29-kilometer section of the national road between Gjirokastër and the border checkpoint (Kakavijë). Marenglen, a “puro” Gjirokastrit, told me the most common version of this story:},
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recently gained real estate in order to “wager” the cash in the pyramid schemes, while others “played” their migratory remittances. Following this loss, they also faced the fear of civil war. Today, almost twenty years on, it is still extremely commonplace to hear discussions about “1997” and the pyramid crisis in Albania. It has left an indelible mark on the collective identifications of Albanians. The greatest mystery related to this so-called war of 1997 is what happened to the $2 billion that vanished (Pettifer and Vickers 2006, 5). One of the most popular stories explaining the fate of the lost money claims that the money “escaped” to Greece along the highway in question. The various versions of this story all situate the action along the 29-kilometer section of the national road between Gjirokastër and the border checkpoint (Kakavijë). Marenglen, a “puro” Gjirokastrit, told me the most common version of this story:
Dalakoglou, Dimitris
The city and the road Book Chapter
In: Manchester University Press, 2017, ISBN: 9781526109354.
@inbook{Dalakoglou2017bb,
title = {The city and the road},
author = {Dimitris Dalakoglou},
doi = {10.7765/9781526109354.00011},
isbn = {9781526109354},
year = {2017},
date = {2017-02-28},
publisher = {Manchester University Press},
abstract = {The urban topography of Gjirokastër city, where part of the current ethnography was based, is under a continuous process of change during the last two decades. The city has in fact been relocated around the traffic infrastructure, centralising the road which leads to the Albanian-Greek border since the borders opened, in 1990. This appears to be a somewhat predictable spatial transformation for a city which has one third of its population living as migrants in Greece and consumes almost entirely imported Greek products since 1990. However, this transformation of the urban formation is a complex process. This chapter enlightens on how the postsocialist city is enlarged dramatically and how it is reconfigured spatially in reference to the road infrastructure. It will address two main processes, the postsocialist introduction of the car-related spatial practices and the relocation of the urban centre around the road.},
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The urban topography of Gjirokastër city, where part of the current ethnography was based, is under a continuous process of change during the last two decades. The city has in fact been relocated around the traffic infrastructure, centralising the road which leads to the Albanian-Greek border since the borders opened, in 1990. This appears to be a somewhat predictable spatial transformation for a city which has one third of its population living as migrants in Greece and consumes almost entirely imported Greek products since 1990. However, this transformation of the urban formation is a complex process. This chapter enlightens on how the postsocialist city is enlarged dramatically and how it is reconfigured spatially in reference to the road infrastructure. It will address two main processes, the postsocialist introduction of the car-related spatial practices and the relocation of the urban centre around the road.
Dalakoglou, Dimitris
The road Book
Manchester University Press, 2017, ISBN: 9781526109354.
@book{Dalakoglou2017bb,
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Dalakoglou, Dimitris
Bibliography Book Chapter
In: Manchester University Press, 2017, ISBN: 9781526109354.
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Dalakoglou, Dimitris
Infrastructures, borders, (im)mobility, or the materialand social construction of new Europe Book Chapter
In: Manchester University Press, 2017, ISBN: 9781526109354.
@inbook{Dalakoglou2017bb,
title = {Infrastructures, borders, (im)mobility, or the materialand social construction of new Europe},
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isbn = {9781526109354},
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This final chapter summarises the previous work suggesting some links between the mass contraction projects that took place in Europe after the end of Cold War and the border securitisation processes that the book described and how these are linked with contemporary phenomena.
Dalakoglou, Dimitris
The state(s) of the road Book Chapter
In: Manchester University Press, 2017, ISBN: 9781526109354.
@inbook{Dalakoglou2017bb,
title = {The state(s) of the road},
author = {Dimitris Dalakoglou},
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year = {2017},
date = {2017-02-28},
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abstract = {The road 34 kilometers appropriate for lighter travel had been constructed. Prior to their evacuation, however, Austro-Hungarian military personnel carried out a broad road-destruction project. The Italian and French armies, which had occupied the southwest and southeast of Albania respectively, also constructed a number of roads—including highways able to carry heavy vehicles—such as the Durres–Tirana road and the road between Vlora and the Albanian border through Tepelena (Scriven 1921; Skendi et al. 1957).
The subsequent regime of the post-WWI state was not particularly effective in carrying out road construction. Internal instability, power struggles, foreign occupation, and local rebellion contributed to the inability of the temporary Albanian governments of the time to conduct public works effectively (see Puto and Pollo 1981, 171–216).},
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The road 34 kilometers appropriate for lighter travel had been constructed. Prior to their evacuation, however, Austro-Hungarian military personnel carried out a broad road-destruction project. The Italian and French armies, which had occupied the southwest and southeast of Albania respectively, also constructed a number of roads—including highways able to carry heavy vehicles—such as the Durres–Tirana road and the road between Vlora and the Albanian border through Tepelena (Scriven 1921; Skendi et al. 1957).
The subsequent regime of the post-WWI state was not particularly effective in carrying out road construction. Internal instability, power struggles, foreign occupation, and local rebellion contributed to the inability of the temporary Albanian governments of the time to conduct public works effectively (see Puto and Pollo 1981, 171–216).
The subsequent regime of the post-WWI state was not particularly effective in carrying out road construction. Internal instability, power struggles, foreign occupation, and local rebellion contributed to the inability of the temporary Albanian governments of the time to conduct public works effectively (see Puto and Pollo 1981, 171–216).
Dalakoglou, Dimitris
Fear of the road and the accident of postsocialism Book Chapter
In: 2017, ISBN: 9781526109354.
@inbook{Dalakoglou2017bb,
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Dalakoglou, Dimitris
Domesticating the road Book Chapter
In: Manchester University Press, 2017, ISBN: 9781526109354.
@inbook{Dalakoglou2017bb,
title = {Domesticating the road},
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year = {2017},
date = {2017-02-28},
publisher = {Manchester University Press},
abstract = {In building these houses, Albanians familiarize and perhaps partly resolve the contradictions and controversies of what we could call postsocialism on a macroscale, something which is evident in the road-related narratives. In fact, house-making brings what we abstractly call postsocialism, transnationalism, and globalization or international dependency down to the familiar and affective sphere of home. These large-scale phenomena, which were examined earlier in reference to the roads, are condensed into the familiar sphere of domestic material culture and are reconfigured accordingly. House-making and road poetics have similar properties in providing a way for people to make sense of, familiarize with, and negotiate a fluid and dynamic everyday life.},
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In building these houses, Albanians familiarize and perhaps partly resolve the contradictions and controversies of what we could call postsocialism on a macroscale, something which is evident in the road-related narratives. In fact, house-making brings what we abstractly call postsocialism, transnationalism, and globalization or international dependency down to the familiar and affective sphere of home. These large-scale phenomena, which were examined earlier in reference to the roads, are condensed into the familiar sphere of domestic material culture and are reconfigured accordingly. House-making and road poetics have similar properties in providing a way for people to make sense of, familiarize with, and negotiate a fluid and dynamic everyday life.
Dalakoglou, Dimitris
From dromocracy toward a new critical dromology Book Chapter
In: Manchester University Press, 2017, ISBN: 9781526109354.
@inbook{Dalakoglou2017bb,
title = {From dromocracy toward a new critical dromology},
author = {Dimitris Dalakoglou},
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isbn = {9781526109354},
year = {2017},
date = {2017-02-28},
publisher = {Manchester University Press},
abstract = {The road 2 the years 1926–30—not regarded by them as part of their way of life but something to be passively accepted or to be circumvented or ignored. To give one example: though the Administration compelled them to maintain wide roads it was noticeable that when a group of Azande walked down them they did so in single file as they were accustomed to do along their bush paths.(Evans-Pritchard 1960, 311)
Given the aforesaid trend toward remote ethnographic subjects, there was, in some respects, an unspoken competition between ethnologists to reach the most isolated and remote places, and as such the most primitive and exotic of peoples. Early anthropological accounts are full of references to isolated subjects accessed by poor-quality (mostly pre-automobile) roads.},
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The road 2 the years 1926–30—not regarded by them as part of their way of life but something to be passively accepted or to be circumvented or ignored. To give one example: though the Administration compelled them to maintain wide roads it was noticeable that when a group of Azande walked down them they did so in single file as they were accustomed to do along their bush paths.(Evans-Pritchard 1960, 311)
Given the aforesaid trend toward remote ethnographic subjects, there was, in some respects, an unspoken competition between ethnologists to reach the most isolated and remote places, and as such the most primitive and exotic of peoples. Early anthropological accounts are full of references to isolated subjects accessed by poor-quality (mostly pre-automobile) roads.
Given the aforesaid trend toward remote ethnographic subjects, there was, in some respects, an unspoken competition between ethnologists to reach the most isolated and remote places, and as such the most primitive and exotic of peoples. Early anthropological accounts are full of references to isolated subjects accessed by poor-quality (mostly pre-automobile) roads.
Dalakoglou, Dimitris
The road to Albania Book Chapter
In: Manchester University Press, 2017, ISBN: 9781526109354.
@inbook{Dalakoglou2017bb,
title = {The road to Albania},
author = {Dimitris Dalakoglou},
doi = {10.7765/9781526109354.00009},
isbn = {9781526109354},
year = {2017},
date = {2017-02-28},
publisher = {Manchester University Press},
abstract = {The main ethnographic site of this book is the city of Gjirokastër in south Albania and a 29-kilometer highway linking the city with the cross-border passage of Kakavijë. Gjirokastër is a small city by international standards, yet in the southwest Balkans it is a significant urban center with an important geographic and historical position within the traveling routes of the region.
The boundary, the road, and the cross-boundary flows between Albania and Greece are ethnographically special, not because of their uniqueness but because they encapsulate processes typical of the recent past and present of Europe. Ethnographically, on and through the highway and its flows, it becomes possible, even necessary, to discuss a series of historical processes and sociocultural phenomena.},
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The main ethnographic site of this book is the city of Gjirokastër in south Albania and a 29-kilometer highway linking the city with the cross-border passage of Kakavijë. Gjirokastër is a small city by international standards, yet in the southwest Balkans it is a significant urban center with an important geographic and historical position within the traveling routes of the region.
The boundary, the road, and the cross-boundary flows between Albania and Greece are ethnographically special, not because of their uniqueness but because they encapsulate processes typical of the recent past and present of Europe. Ethnographically, on and through the highway and its flows, it becomes possible, even necessary, to discuss a series of historical processes and sociocultural phenomena.
The boundary, the road, and the cross-boundary flows between Albania and Greece are ethnographically special, not because of their uniqueness but because they encapsulate processes typical of the recent past and present of Europe. Ethnographically, on and through the highway and its flows, it becomes possible, even necessary, to discuss a series of historical processes and sociocultural phenomena.
Dalakoglou, Dimitris
The road: An ethnography of (im)mobility, space and cross-border infrastructures in the Balkans Book
Manchester University Press, 2017, ISBN: 978-1-5261-0934-7.
@book{Dalakoglou2017bb,
title = {The road: An ethnography of (im)mobility, space and cross-border infrastructures in the Balkans},
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isbn = {978-1-5261-0934-7},
year = {2017},
date = {2017-02-28},
publisher = {Manchester University Press},
abstract = {This book is an ethnographic and historical study of the main Albanian-Greek cross-border highway. It is not merely an ethnography on the road but an anthropology of the road. Complex sociopolitical phenomena such as EU border security, nationalist politics, transnational kinship, social–class divisions, or post–cold war capitalism, political transition, and financial crises in Europe—and more precisely in the Balkans—can be seen as phenomena that are paved in and on the cross-border highway. The highway studied is part of an explicit cultural–material nexus that includes elements such as houses, urban architecture, building materials, or vehicles. Yet even the most physically rooted and fixed of these entities are not static, but have fluid and flowing physical materialities.},
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This book is an ethnographic and historical study of the main Albanian-Greek cross-border highway. It is not merely an ethnography on the road but an anthropology of the road. Complex sociopolitical phenomena such as EU border security, nationalist politics, transnational kinship, social–class divisions, or post–cold war capitalism, political transition, and financial crises in Europe—and more precisely in the Balkans—can be seen as phenomena that are paved in and on the cross-border highway. The highway studied is part of an explicit cultural–material nexus that includes elements such as houses, urban architecture, building materials, or vehicles. Yet even the most physically rooted and fixed of these entities are not static, but have fluid and flowing physical materialities.
2016
Dalakoglou, Dimitris
Infrastructural gap: Commons, state and anthropology Journal Article
In: City, vol. 20, no. 6, pp. 822-831, 2016.
@article{Dalakoglou2016,
title = {Infrastructural gap: Commons, state and anthropology},
author = {Dimitris Dalakoglou},
doi = {10.1080/13604813.2016.1241524},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-11-17},
journal = {City},
volume = {20},
number = {6},
pages = {822-831},
abstract = {An infrastructural gap (IG) emerged after the outbreak of the crisis in 2008 and it refers to the difficulty of the state and the private sector in sustaining the level of infrastructural networks in the Western world. Yet, infrastructures comprise the realm where the state or the market materialize a great proportion of the social contract. Citizens therefore often experience IG as a challenge of the entire political paradigm. Nevertheless, as research in the country that is at the center of the current euro-crisis—Greece—records, we have novel and innovative forms of civil activity focused on the IG. Such activity, applying principles of self-organization and peer-to-peer relationships, along with practices of social solidarity and ideals of commons, attempts to address IG in innovative ways. However, such practices call for theoretical and empirical innovations as well, in order to overcome the social sciences’ traditional understandings of infrastructures. This paper—based on the inaugural professorial lecture I gave in acceptance of the Chair in Social Anthropology at the Vrije University Amsterdam—seeks to initiate a framework for understanding this shift in the paradigm of infrastructures’ governance and function, along with the newly emerging infrastructural turn in socio-cultural anthropology.},
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An infrastructural gap (IG) emerged after the outbreak of the crisis in 2008 and it refers to the difficulty of the state and the private sector in sustaining the level of infrastructural networks in the Western world. Yet, infrastructures comprise the realm where the state or the market materialize a great proportion of the social contract. Citizens therefore often experience IG as a challenge of the entire political paradigm. Nevertheless, as research in the country that is at the center of the current euro-crisis—Greece—records, we have novel and innovative forms of civil activity focused on the IG. Such activity, applying principles of self-organization and peer-to-peer relationships, along with practices of social solidarity and ideals of commons, attempts to address IG in innovative ways. However, such practices call for theoretical and empirical innovations as well, in order to overcome the social sciences’ traditional understandings of infrastructures. This paper—based on the inaugural professorial lecture I gave in acceptance of the Chair in Social Anthropology at the Vrije University Amsterdam—seeks to initiate a framework for understanding this shift in the paradigm of infrastructures’ governance and function, along with the newly emerging infrastructural turn in socio-cultural anthropology.
Dalakoglou, Dimitris; Alexandridis, Antonios
Raids on migrant squats in Greece push solidarity efforts further to the margins Journal Article
In: The Conversation, vol. 3, 2016.
@article{Dalakoglou2016b,
title = {Raids on migrant squats in Greece push solidarity efforts further to the margins},
author = {Dimitris Dalakoglou and Antonios Alexandridis},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-08-03},
journal = {The Conversation},
volume = {3},
abstract = {In a series of raids on July 27, the Greek police arrested and moved on dozens of migrants and refugees living in squats in the city of Thessaloniki. The clampdown on these squats, which were run by refugees, volunteers and anti-authoritarian groups, is an example of how refugees are being criminalised at the hands of the authorities across Europe.},
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In a series of raids on July 27, the Greek police arrested and moved on dozens of migrants and refugees living in squats in the city of Thessaloniki. The clampdown on these squats, which were run by refugees, volunteers and anti-authoritarian groups, is an example of how refugees are being criminalised at the hands of the authorities across Europe.
Dalakoglou, Dimitris; Heatheringtonb, Tracey; Zerilli, Filippo M.
Anthropologists in/of the neoliberal academy Journal Article
In: Anuac, vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 41-90, 2016.
@article{Dalakoglou2016bb,
title = {Anthropologists in/of the neoliberal academy},
author = {Dimitris Dalakoglou and Tracey Heatheringtonb and Filippo M. Zerilli},
doi = {10.7340/anuac2239-625X-2437},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-08-01},
journal = {Anuac},
volume = {5},
number = {1},
pages = {41-90},
abstract = {Questo Forum raccoglie brevi interventi di antropologi che con ruoli diversi lavorano in differenti contesti universitari, allo scopo di riflettere su recenti esperienze di riforme neoliberiste del sistema pubblico dell'istruzione superiore. I contributi esplorano processi di neoliberalizzazione dell'università e cambiamenti istituzionali in corso in Australia e Nuova Zelanda, Romania, Danimarca, Grecia, Finlandia, Messico, Stati Uniti, Olanda, Spagna, Canada e Regno Unito. L'obiettivo è quello di costruire una piattaforma che possa ospitare riflessioni critiche sulle trasformazioni attuali dell'accademia e delle relative implicazioni per il futuro dell'antropologia. Auspichiamo che il Forum serva anche a indurre i colleghi alle prese con le conseguenze del vigente regime di austerità a formare una coalizione in favore di una idea di università diversa da quella oggi dominante. Contributi di Cris Shore & Susan Wright, Vintilă Mihăilescu, Sarah F. Green, Gabriela Vargas-Cetina & Steffan Igor Ayora-Diaz, Tracey Heatherington, Dimitris Dalakoglou, Noelle Molé Liston, Susana Narotzky, Jaro Stacul, Meredith Welch-Devine, Jon P. Mitchell.},
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Questo Forum raccoglie brevi interventi di antropologi che con ruoli diversi lavorano in differenti contesti universitari, allo scopo di riflettere su recenti esperienze di riforme neoliberiste del sistema pubblico dell'istruzione superiore. I contributi esplorano processi di neoliberalizzazione dell'università e cambiamenti istituzionali in corso in Australia e Nuova Zelanda, Romania, Danimarca, Grecia, Finlandia, Messico, Stati Uniti, Olanda, Spagna, Canada e Regno Unito. L'obiettivo è quello di costruire una piattaforma che possa ospitare riflessioni critiche sulle trasformazioni attuali dell'accademia e delle relative implicazioni per il futuro dell'antropologia. Auspichiamo che il Forum serva anche a indurre i colleghi alle prese con le conseguenze del vigente regime di austerità a formare una coalizione in favore di una idea di università diversa da quella oggi dominante. Contributi di Cris Shore & Susan Wright, Vintilă Mihăilescu, Sarah F. Green, Gabriela Vargas-Cetina & Steffan Igor Ayora-Diaz, Tracey Heatherington, Dimitris Dalakoglou, Noelle Molé Liston, Susana Narotzky, Jaro Stacul, Meredith Welch-Devine, Jon P. Mitchell.
Dalakoglou, Dimitris
Do not become an idiot: A comment on neoliberalism and labour relationships within higher education Journal Article
In: Anuac, vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 67-70, 2016.
@article{Dalakoglou2016bb,
title = {Do not become an idiot: A comment on neoliberalism and labour relationships within higher education},
author = {Dimitris Dalakoglou},
doi = {10.7340/anuac2239-625X-2457},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-08-01},
journal = {Anuac},
volume = {5},
number = {1},
pages = {67-70},
abstract = {As neoliberalism takes over academia, there is struggle going on. This is a struggle to keep the academic institutions as free as possible from “idiotic” (i.e. self-interested) forms of behaviour and especially from reproducing socially and politically such practices.},
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As neoliberalism takes over academia, there is struggle going on. This is a struggle to keep the academic institutions as free as possible from “idiotic” (i.e. self-interested) forms of behaviour and especially from reproducing socially and politically such practices.
Dalakoglou, Dimitris; Alexandridis, Antonios
Refugees Without Agency Journal Article
In: Allegra Laboratory, 2016.
@article{Dalakoglou2016bb,
title = {Refugees Without Agency},
author = {Dimitris Dalakoglou and Antonios Alexandridis},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-07-14},
journal = {Allegra Laboratory},
abstract = {The situation in Idomeni has been tense over the last weeks as rumors about the current operation spread. Protests and clashes became a daily phenomenon as the Greek police’s approach to the camp altered from one of tolerance towards refugees and the politicised independent volunteers to aggression.These ‘uncertified’ volunteers, have been carrying much of the burden of the humanitarian crisis since the summer of 2015 and justifiably had second thoughts about the policy.Simultaneously some well-known mechanisms from the recent past seem to have been remobilised as some of the ‘corrupted TV channels’ (as they were all too recently referred to by SYRIZA’s spokesmen) have changed their discourse to serve the governmental plans. Blaming this mysterious external factor (activists and volunteers) serves many purposes. First of all it reminds the refugees that they have no right to their own political agency. More widely it reminds them that they are non-citizens with very limited rights including the democratic right to protest. Moreover instead of focusing on the obvious ineffectiveness of the EU-Turkey agreement and the ill-functioning asylum relocation programme, which leads these people revolt, blame is put on volunteers with the implication being that arresting and kicking out the Anarchist volunteers will resolve the problem as refugees themselves are happy with this treatment.},
keywords = {},
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The situation in Idomeni has been tense over the last weeks as rumors about the current operation spread. Protests and clashes became a daily phenomenon as the Greek police’s approach to the camp altered from one of tolerance towards refugees and the politicised independent volunteers to aggression.These ‘uncertified’ volunteers, have been carrying much of the burden of the humanitarian crisis since the summer of 2015 and justifiably had second thoughts about the policy.Simultaneously some well-known mechanisms from the recent past seem to have been remobilised as some of the ‘corrupted TV channels’ (as they were all too recently referred to by SYRIZA’s spokesmen) have changed their discourse to serve the governmental plans. Blaming this mysterious external factor (activists and volunteers) serves many purposes. First of all it reminds the refugees that they have no right to their own political agency. More widely it reminds them that they are non-citizens with very limited rights including the democratic right to protest. Moreover instead of focusing on the obvious ineffectiveness of the EU-Turkey agreement and the ill-functioning asylum relocation programme, which leads these people revolt, blame is put on volunteers with the implication being that arresting and kicking out the Anarchist volunteers will resolve the problem as refugees themselves are happy with this treatment.
Dalakoglou, Dimitris; Green, Sarah Francesca; Gregory, Chris; Reeves, Madeleine; Cowan, Jane K; Demetriou, Olga; Koch, Insa; Carrithers, Michael; Andersson, Ruben; Gingrich, Andre; Macdonald, Sharon; Acksoz, Salih Can; Eriksen, Thomas Hylland; Shore, Chris; Holmes, Douglas R; Herzfeld, Michael; Strathern, Marilyn; Jensen, Casper Bruun; Martin, Keir; Poulimenakos, Georgos; Jansen, Stef; Brkovic, Carna; Wilson, Thomas M; Besnier, Niko; Guiness, Daniel; Hann, Mark; Ballinger, Pamela; Dzenovska, Dace
Brexit Referendum: first reactions from anthropology: Forum Journal Article
In: Social Anthropology, vol. 24, no. 4, pp. 478-502, 2016.
@article{Dalakoglou2016bb,
title = {Brexit Referendum: first reactions from anthropology: Forum},
author = {Dimitris Dalakoglou and Sarah Francesca Green and Chris Gregory and Madeleine Reeves and Jane K Cowan and Olga Demetriou and Insa Koch and Michael Carrithers and Ruben Andersson and Andre Gingrich and Sharon Macdonald and Salih Can Acksoz and Thomas Hylland Eriksen and Chris Shore and Douglas R Holmes and Michael Herzfeld and Marilyn Strathern and Casper Bruun Jensen and Keir Martin and Georgos Poulimenakos and Stef Jansen and Carna Brkovic and Thomas M Wilson and Niko Besnier and Daniel Guiness and Mark Hann and Pamela Ballinger and Dace Dzenovska},
doi = {10.1111/1469-8676.12331},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-07-01},
journal = {Social Anthropology},
volume = {24},
number = {4},
pages = {478-502},
abstract = {Referenda can be sad affairs. This time last year, I was in Greece discussing with friends their referendum. It was a difficult visit with many painful conversations. Most were about what the EU meant, what might Grexit have meant, and the way material security was rapidly vanishing: having a decent salary, a job, money in the bank, valuables in bank deposit boxes; also knowing that trash would be collected, cars would run, food would be available. The conversations revealed a profound conceptual insecurity. Nobody knew what had happened. When Tsipras ‘renegotiated’ the agreement post-referendum, he accepted even worse (seeming to many, punitive) terms. Both the no and yes camps scored moral victories, but both had lost economically and socially. In Greece last year, nobody really knew what the referendum had been about: the memorandum, Grexit or European identity? The most painful part was the creeping populism from which we often drew.},
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Referenda can be sad affairs. This time last year, I was in Greece discussing with friends their referendum. It was a difficult visit with many painful conversations. Most were about what the EU meant, what might Grexit have meant, and the way material security was rapidly vanishing: having a decent salary, a job, money in the bank, valuables in bank deposit boxes; also knowing that trash would be collected, cars would run, food would be available. The conversations revealed a profound conceptual insecurity. Nobody knew what had happened. When Tsipras ‘renegotiated’ the agreement post-referendum, he accepted even worse (seeming to many, punitive) terms. Both the no and yes camps scored moral victories, but both had lost economically and socially. In Greece last year, nobody really knew what the referendum had been about: the memorandum, Grexit or European identity? The most painful part was the creeping populism from which we often drew.
Dalakoglou, Dimitris
'The road from capitalism to capitalism': Infrastructures of (Post)Socialism in Albania Book Chapter
In: vol. 7, no. 4, pp. 113 - 128, Routledge, 2016.
@inbook{Dalakoglou2016bb,
title = {'The road from capitalism to capitalism': Infrastructures of (Post)Socialism in Albania},
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year = {2016},
date = {2016-04-14},
volume = {7},
number = {4},
pages = {113 - 128},
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abstract = {The overarching question of this article is how can we develop a critical understanding of the social place of highways and automobility in the case of a non-capitalist European context such as socialist Albania? Socialism was a period of modernisation for Albania. Part of this modernisation project was the production of a modern built environment, especially infrastructures and urban spaces. Within this context during socialism thousands of miles of new roads were constructed in the country. The remarkably limited use of roads, combined with their systematic building and maintenance, kept this infrastructure’s materiality in a relatively good condition for many decades. Since the early 1990s, though, the end of the regime has signified a period of booming mobility and automobility. },
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The overarching question of this article is how can we develop a critical understanding of the social place of highways and automobility in the case of a non-capitalist European context such as socialist Albania? Socialism was a period of modernisation for Albania. Part of this modernisation project was the production of a modern built environment, especially infrastructures and urban spaces. Within this context during socialism thousands of miles of new roads were constructed in the country. The remarkably limited use of roads, combined with their systematic building and maintenance, kept this infrastructure’s materiality in a relatively good condition for many decades. Since the early 1990s, though, the end of the regime has signified a period of booming mobility and automobility.
Dalakoglou, Dimitris
Europe’s last frontier: The spatialities of the refugee crisis Journal Article
In: City, vol. 20, no. 2, 2016.
@article{Dalakoglou2016bb,
title = {Europe’s last frontier: The spatialities of the refugee crisis},
author = {Dimitris Dalakoglou},
doi = {10.1080/13604813.2016.1170467},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-04-08},
journal = {City},
volume = {20},
number = {2},
abstract = {The Post-Cold War period has brought forth new conditions for the dominant European spatialities. First, that period signified a new condition for real estate and land ownership, second a radical transformation and increase of the built environment and third the securitization of a privileged European territory. As the European economy slows and the construction and real estate sectors are further deregulated, together with the promises that the post-Cold War period brought, what we observe coming to the surface in the context of the current refugee crisis is the manifestation of Europe’s most ugly and discriminatory spatiality—the preservation at all costs of its border security.},
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The Post-Cold War period has brought forth new conditions for the dominant European spatialities. First, that period signified a new condition for real estate and land ownership, second a radical transformation and increase of the built environment and third the securitization of a privileged European territory. As the European economy slows and the construction and real estate sectors are further deregulated, together with the promises that the post-Cold War period brought, what we observe coming to the surface in the context of the current refugee crisis is the manifestation of Europe’s most ugly and discriminatory spatiality—the preservation at all costs of its border security.
Dalakoglou, Dimitris; Alexandridis, Antonios
Who Cares for the Refugees? Journal Article
In: Open Democracy, 2016.
@article{Dalakoglou2016bb,
title = {Who Cares for the Refugees?},
author = {Dimitris Dalakoglou and Antonios Alexandridis},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-03-15},
journal = {Open Democracy},
abstract = {Hardly any of the millions of euros given by UNHRC and EU for the refugees is visible on the island of Lesvos. At the arrival points, for example, until two months ago there were two camps operating. The first by a grassroots anarchist organization called ‘Platanos’ and the other by a small Swedish NGO-in-the-making called ´Lighthouse’. These groups provide rescue teams, receiving teams, medical aid groups, cooking groups, logistics and distribution of clothing, hospitality, interpreters and transportation. These services were not provided by the specialised and salaried staff of the large organizations. But they are delivered successfully by people who have no motivation other than to help the less privileged or who believe that the right to mobility should belong to all. Without these activists rescuing sinking dingy-boats and treating hypothermia at the arrival point, the casualties would have been higher. Nevertheless, although for now there is little sign of exhaustion, there is no guarantee that volunteers will have the stamina or resources to continue. Some of these grassroots activists have been there for many months, sleeping in tents and working day and night. In many cases on Lesvos, refugees have asked the anarchists of Platanos whether they are the UN, simply because the UN is not visible. By the time they reach Idomeni on the sealed-off Macedonian-Greek border where the No Borders-style ADM kitchen currently serves 8000 meals a day, most refugees have learned this lesson. As a refugee in Idomeni summed it up perfectly with reference to a large NGO ‘operating’ in the area: “First they turn on the camera and then they help, to get the money. When the camera runs out of its battery, they go back to the office”.},
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Hardly any of the millions of euros given by UNHRC and EU for the refugees is visible on the island of Lesvos. At the arrival points, for example, until two months ago there were two camps operating. The first by a grassroots anarchist organization called ‘Platanos’ and the other by a small Swedish NGO-in-the-making called ´Lighthouse’. These groups provide rescue teams, receiving teams, medical aid groups, cooking groups, logistics and distribution of clothing, hospitality, interpreters and transportation. These services were not provided by the specialised and salaried staff of the large organizations. But they are delivered successfully by people who have no motivation other than to help the less privileged or who believe that the right to mobility should belong to all. Without these activists rescuing sinking dingy-boats and treating hypothermia at the arrival point, the casualties would have been higher. Nevertheless, although for now there is little sign of exhaustion, there is no guarantee that volunteers will have the stamina or resources to continue. Some of these grassroots activists have been there for many months, sleeping in tents and working day and night. In many cases on Lesvos, refugees have asked the anarchists of Platanos whether they are the UN, simply because the UN is not visible. By the time they reach Idomeni on the sealed-off Macedonian-Greek border where the No Borders-style ADM kitchen currently serves 8000 meals a day, most refugees have learned this lesson. As a refugee in Idomeni summed it up perfectly with reference to a large NGO ‘operating’ in the area: “First they turn on the camera and then they help, to get the money. When the camera runs out of its battery, they go back to the office”.
Dalakoglou, Dimitris
Greek Left is Dead-Long life to the Grassroots movement (La Izquierda griega está muerta - Vivan los Movimiento de Base) Journal Article
In: Abaco Revista de cultura y ciencias sociales, no. 83/84, pp. 78-81, 2016.
@article{Dalakoglou2016bb,
title = {Greek Left is Dead-Long life to the Grassroots movement (La Izquierda griega está muerta - Vivan los Movimiento de Base)},
author = {Dimitris Dalakoglou},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-01-01},
journal = {Abaco Revista de cultura y ciencias sociales},
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Dalakoglou, Dimitris
Towards an Anthropology of the Roads Journal Article
In: Mobility in History, vol. 7, no. 1, 2016.
@article{Dalakoglou2016bb,
title = {Towards an Anthropology of the Roads},
author = {Dimitris Dalakoglou},
doi = {10.3167/mih.2017.080103},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-01-01},
journal = {Mobility in History},
volume = {7},
number = {1},
abstract = {The cross-pollination made possible by bringing critical studies of mobility from different disciplines into conversation with one another is a goal of T2M and Mobility in History generally, and this special section on roadways in history and anthropology specifically. Anthropologists and historians of mobility, roads, and automobility have a great deal to share with one another and with our colleagues in other disciplines. As an anthropologist, a representative of a still relatively new discipline in the pages of Mobility in History, I’ve been invited to open this section with a review of how my discipline has approached the subject of roads.},
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The cross-pollination made possible by bringing critical studies of mobility from different disciplines into conversation with one another is a goal of T2M and Mobility in History generally, and this special section on roadways in history and anthropology specifically. Anthropologists and historians of mobility, roads, and automobility have a great deal to share with one another and with our colleagues in other disciplines. As an anthropologist, a representative of a still relatively new discipline in the pages of Mobility in History, I’ve been invited to open this section with a review of how my discipline has approached the subject of roads.
Dalakoglou, Dimitris; Poulimenakos, Georgos
The Political Economy of terror in Europe Journal Article
In: Voices From Around the World, 2016.
@article{Dalakoglou2016bb,
title = {The Political Economy of terror in Europe},
author = {Dimitris Dalakoglou and Georgos Poulimenakos
},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-01-01},
journal = {Voices From Around the World},
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2015
Dalakoglou, Dimitris; Alexandridis, Antonios
Fortress Europe Continues to treat migrants as criminals Journal Article
In: The Conversation, 2015.
@article{Dalakoglou2015,
title = {Fortress Europe Continues to treat migrants as criminals},
author = {Dimitris Dalakoglou and Antonios Alexandridis},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-10-14},
journal = {The Conversation},
abstract = {The European Union, one of the strongest economies in the world and home to some of the most advanced state apparatuses in human history, is preparing to shut down its borders, one after the other, because it can’t cope with the number of refugees arriving from war in the Middle East. These same institutions were of course able to find the resources to finance an expensive military operation on the European sea borders against the same refugees.Despite the poor and ideologically fuelled responses of EU states, citizens in different countries of Europe have welcomed the flows of their fellow people. In Germany people applauded migrants and refugees as they arrived by train. In Greece dozens of self-organised hotspots have been created by different groups and initiatives, with great success. Citizens of the debt-ridden country offer clothing, food and other items in order for them to be distributed to the refugees. In many ways they are filling the gaps created by the lack of state protection.},
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The European Union, one of the strongest economies in the world and home to some of the most advanced state apparatuses in human history, is preparing to shut down its borders, one after the other, because it can’t cope with the number of refugees arriving from war in the Middle East. These same institutions were of course able to find the resources to finance an expensive military operation on the European sea borders against the same refugees.Despite the poor and ideologically fuelled responses of EU states, citizens in different countries of Europe have welcomed the flows of their fellow people. In Germany people applauded migrants and refugees as they arrived by train. In Greece dozens of self-organised hotspots have been created by different groups and initiatives, with great success. Citizens of the debt-ridden country offer clothing, food and other items in order for them to be distributed to the refugees. In many ways they are filling the gaps created by the lack of state protection.
Dalakoglou, Dimitris
From infrastructures to house: the private-public 'division' and too late modernisation in Greece of crisis Conference
2015.
@conference{Dalakoglou2015b,
title = {From infrastructures to house: the private-public 'division' and too late modernisation in Greece of crisis},
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Dalakoglou, Dimitris
Infrastructures as Common and Common Infrastructure Conference
2015.
@conference{Dalakoglou2015bb,
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year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
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Dalakoglou, Dimitris; Harvey, Penny
Roads and Anthropology: Ethnography, Infrastructures,(im) mobility Book
Routledge, 2015.
@book{Dalakoglou2015bb,
title = {Roads and Anthropology: Ethnography, Infrastructures,(im) mobility},
author = {Dimitris Dalakoglou and Penny Harvey},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
publisher = {Routledge},
abstract = {Roads and the powerful sense of mobility that they promise carry us back and forth between the sweeping narratives of globalisation, and the specific, tangible materialities of particular times and places. Indeed, despite the fact that roads might, by comparison with the sparkling agility of virtual technologies, appear to be grounded in twentieth century industrial political economy they could arguably be taken as the paradigmatic material infrastructure of the twenty-first century, supporting both the information society (in the ever increasing circulation of commoditized goods and labour), and the extractive economies of developing countries on which the production and reproduction of such goods and labour depends. Roads and Anthropology is the first collection of road ethnographies, edited by two pioneers in the anthropological explorations of infrastructures, the essays published in the book aim to pave the way for this rising field of anthropological research. This book was published as a special issue of Mobilities.},
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Roads and the powerful sense of mobility that they promise carry us back and forth between the sweeping narratives of globalisation, and the specific, tangible materialities of particular times and places. Indeed, despite the fact that roads might, by comparison with the sparkling agility of virtual technologies, appear to be grounded in twentieth century industrial political economy they could arguably be taken as the paradigmatic material infrastructure of the twenty-first century, supporting both the information society (in the ever increasing circulation of commoditized goods and labour), and the extractive economies of developing countries on which the production and reproduction of such goods and labour depends. Roads and Anthropology is the first collection of road ethnographies, edited by two pioneers in the anthropological explorations of infrastructures, the essays published in the book aim to pave the way for this rising field of anthropological research. This book was published as a special issue of Mobilities.
Dalakoglou, Dimitris; Harvey, Penelope
The xenophobic city: security, neoliberalisation and violence from the bottom of Aegean Sea to the centre of Athens Conference
2015.
@conference{Dalakoglou2015bb,
title = {The xenophobic city: security, neoliberalisation and violence from the bottom of Aegean Sea to the centre of Athens},
author = {Dimitris Dalakoglou and Penelope Harvey},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
abstract = {Roads and the powerful sense of mobility that they promise carry us back and forth between the sweeping narratives of globalisation, and the specific, tangible materialities of particular times and places. Indeed, despite the fact that roads might, by comparison with the sparkling agility of virtual technologies, appear to be grounded in twentieth century industrial political economy they could arguably be taken as the paradigmatic material infrastructure of the twenty-first century, supporting both the information society (in the ever increasing circulation of commoditized goods and labour), and the extractive economies of developing countries on which the production and reproduction of such goods and labour depends. Roads and Anthropology is the first collection of road ethnographies, edited by two pioneers in the anthropological explorations of infrastructures, the essays published in the book aim to pave the way for this rising field of anthropological research. This book was published as a special issue of Mobilities.},
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Roads and the powerful sense of mobility that they promise carry us back and forth between the sweeping narratives of globalisation, and the specific, tangible materialities of particular times and places. Indeed, despite the fact that roads might, by comparison with the sparkling agility of virtual technologies, appear to be grounded in twentieth century industrial political economy they could arguably be taken as the paradigmatic material infrastructure of the twenty-first century, supporting both the information society (in the ever increasing circulation of commoditized goods and labour), and the extractive economies of developing countries on which the production and reproduction of such goods and labour depends. Roads and Anthropology is the first collection of road ethnographies, edited by two pioneers in the anthropological explorations of infrastructures, the essays published in the book aim to pave the way for this rising field of anthropological research. This book was published as a special issue of Mobilities.
2014
Dalakoglou, Dimitris
Towards a critical anthropology of material infrastructures: infrastructural politics and poetics of the Greek expansion to the Balkans and the Greek debt crisis Conference
2014.
@conference{Dalakoglou2014bb,
title = {Towards a critical anthropology of material infrastructures: infrastructural politics and poetics of the Greek expansion to the Balkans and the Greek debt crisis},
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year = {2014},
date = {2014-11-01},
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Dalakoglou, Dimitris; Kallianos, Yannis
Infrastructural flows, interruptions and stasis in Athens of the crisis Journal Article
In: City: analysis of urban trends, vol. 18, no. (4-5), pp. 526-532, 2014.
@article{Dalakoglou2014bb,
title = {Infrastructural flows, interruptions and stasis in Athens of the crisis},
author = {Dimitris Dalakoglou and Yannis Kallianos},
doi = {10.1080/13604813.2014.939473},
year = {2014},
date = {2014-09-01},
journal = {City: analysis of urban trends},
volume = {18},
number = {(4-5)},
pages = {526-532},
abstract = {The paper discusses infrastructural flows enacted/activated in the context of the crisis in Athens, focusing on waste flows and treatment. The argument is that disorder and deregulation, which are reflected in the disruption of patterns and flows, are endemic characteristics of the neo-liberal governance, but also of the wider infrastructural existence. Considering such activations of flows as working parallel with de-activations and the crisis-related arrhythmia of social, economic and political processes, the paper attempts to offer a re-reading of the crisis via some of the key urban infrastructural processes. In this regard, the diverse codifications of waste flows at play are explored anthropologically as infrastructural processes that reflect both an institutional and an informal social shift in the urban scale.},
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The paper discusses infrastructural flows enacted/activated in the context of the crisis in Athens, focusing on waste flows and treatment. The argument is that disorder and deregulation, which are reflected in the disruption of patterns and flows, are endemic characteristics of the neo-liberal governance, but also of the wider infrastructural existence. Considering such activations of flows as working parallel with de-activations and the crisis-related arrhythmia of social, economic and political processes, the paper attempts to offer a re-reading of the crisis via some of the key urban infrastructural processes. In this regard, the diverse codifications of waste flows at play are explored anthropologically as infrastructural processes that reflect both an institutional and an informal social shift in the urban scale.
Dalakoglou, Dimitris
Beyond transition(s): anthropology of Europe during the Euro-Crisis Journal Article
In: 2014.
@article{Dalakoglou2014bb,
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Dalakoglou, Dimitris
Crisis-Scapes: Athens and Beyond Book
The City at a Time of Crisis, 2014, ISBN: 978-1-938660-15-3.
@book{Dalakoglou2014b,
title = {Crisis-Scapes: Athens and Beyond},
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Dalakoglou, Dimitris; Low, Setha; McCleave-Maharawal, Maneesa
Public space reasserts its political role Journal Article
In: Oculus: A publication of American Institute of Architecture, New York Chapter, vol. 76, no. 1, pp. 24-25, 2014.
@article{Dalakoglou2014bb,
title = {Public space reasserts its political role},
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year = {2014},
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journal = {Oculus: A publication of American Institute of Architecture, New York Chapter},
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Dalakoglou, Dimitris; Brekke, Jaya-Klara; Domoney, Ross
Athens after the Olympics: the making of the film Future suspended Journal Article
In: The Guardian, 2014.
@article{Dalakoglou2014bb,
title = {Athens after the Olympics: the making of the film Future suspended},
author = {Dimitris Dalakoglou and Jaya-Klara Brekke and Ross Domoney},
year = {2014},
date = {2014-02-01},
journal = {The Guardian},
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